Do you want to stay informed about this journal? Click the buttons to subscribe to our alerts.
In the last decades, the worldview(s) of so-called Indigenous religions have regained academic interest. Scholars of religion, anthropologists, and Indigenous writers engage in a new research field called new animism characterized by a diversity of insider and outsider positions. The field contains immense potential for inspiring general debates in the study of religion because it touches on fundamental questions about hermeneutics, epistemology, epistemic goals, disciplinary identities, and the influence of Western ontology on scientific and academic research.
This article aims to draw the attention of scholars of religion to the new animism by contextualizing the field within disciplinary and cultural history, presenting its core theories, analyzing its methodological and epistemological positions, and identifying the central players ands its politically highly charged social contexts with asymmetrical power relations. Finally, it discusses how the new animism challenges general debates within the study of religion and may provocatively stimulate them.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Ahn, Gregor (1997). Grenzgängerkonzepte in der Religionsgeschichte: Von Engeln, Dämonen, Götterboten und anderen Mittlerwesen. In: G. Ahn & M. Dietrich, eds., Engel und Dämonen: Theologische, anthropologische und religionsgeschichtliche Aspekte des Guten und Bösen, pp. 1-48. Münster: Ugarit.
Albanese, Catherine L. (1992). America: Religions and Religion. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Anderson, Benedict R. (1983). Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Arnold, Philip P. (2018). Foreword. In: M. Astor-Aguilera & G. Harvey, eds., Rethinking Relations and Animism: Personhood and Materiality (Vitality of Indigenous Religions). Abingdon, pp. xii-xvi. New York: Routledge.
Asad, Talal (1993). Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam. Baltimore, MY: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Astor-Aguilera, Miguel & Graham Harvey, eds. (2018). Rethinking Relations and Animism: Personhood and Materiality (Vitality of Indigenous Religions). Abingdon, New York: Routledge.
Bauman, Whitney A., Richard Bohannon & Kevin J. O’Brien, eds. (2017). Grounding Religion: A Field Guide to the Study of Religion and Ecology. Abingdon, New York: Routledge.
Beck, Ulrich, Anthony Giddens & Scott Lash (1994). Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition, and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order. Cambridge, Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Bergunder, Michael (2014). What is religion? The unexplained subject matter of religious studies. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 26, pp. 246-286.
Bird-David, Nurit (1999). “Animism” revisited: Personhood, environment, and relational epistemology. Current Anthropology 40, pp. S67-S91.
Bird-David, Nurit (2018). Persons or relatives? Animistic scales of practice and imagination. In: M. Astor-Aguilera & G. Harvey, eds., Rethinking Relations and Animism: Personhood and Materiality (Vitality of Indigenous Religions), pp. 25-34. Abingdon, New York: Routledge.
Bird-David, Nurit & Danny Naveh (2014). Animism, conversation, and immediacy. In: G. Harvey, ed., Handbook of Contemporary Animism, pp. 27-37. London, New York: Routledge.
Bohman, James (2016). Critical theory. In: E. N. Zalta, ed., The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Fall 2016 Edition. Accessed Sept 23, 2019. <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/critical-theory/>.
Bräunlein, Peter (2016). Thinking religion through things: Reflections on the material turn in the scientific study of religion/s. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 28 (4-5), pp. 365-399.
Brannum, Juliann Gary Glassman (2018). Native America: First Peoples, Ancient Civilizations, Enduring Cultures. (TV Series) Public Broadcasting Service.
Callicott, J. B. (1989). American Indian land wisdom? Sorting out the issues. Journal of Forest History 33 (1), pp. 35-42.
Chakrabarty, Dipesh (2000). Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Clarke, D. S. (2004). Panpsychism: Past and Selected Readings. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Clay, Elonda (2018). Backyard gardens as sacred spaces: An ecowomanist spiritual ecology. In: L. Hobgood-Oster & W. A. Bauman, eds., The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion and Nature: The Elements (Bloomsbury Handbooks in Religion), pp. 11-24. London, New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
Connors, Sean M. (2000). Ecology and religion in Karuk orientations toward the land. In: G. Harvey, ed., Indigenous Religions: A Companion, pp. 139-151. London, New York: Cassell.
Cook-Lynn, Elizabeth (2011). A Separate Country: Postcoloniality and American Indian Nations. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press.
Cox, James L. (2007). From Primitive to Indigenous: The Academic Study of Indigenous Religions (Vitality of Indigenous Religions). Aldershot, Burlington: Ashgate.
Cox, James L. (2016). Reflecting critically on indigenous religions. In: J. L. Cox, ed., Critical Reflections on Indigenous Religions (Vitality of Indigenous Religions), pp. 3-18. London, New York: Routledge.
Dahl, Jens (2009). IWGIA: A History. Copenhagen: IWGA.
Derrida, Jacques (1974). Of Grammatology. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Descola, Philippe (2014). Beyond nature and culture. In: G. Harvey, ed., Handbook of Contemporary Animism, pp. 77-91. London, New York: Routledge.
Dubuisson, Daniel (2003). The Western Construction of Religion: Myths, Knowledge, and Ideology. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
Dussel, Enrique D. (1996). The Underside of Modernity: Apel, Ricoeur, Rorty, Taylor, and the Philosophy of Liberation. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press.
Eliade, Mircea (1959). The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace.
Fisk, Anna (2017). Appropriating, romanticizing and reimagining: Pagan engagements with indigenous animism. In: K. Rountree, ed., Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, and Modern Paganism (Palgrave Studies in New Religions and Alternative Spiritualities), pp. 21-42. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Fitzgerald, Timothy (2000). The Ideology of Religious Studies. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Foucault, Michel (1966). Les Mots et les Choses: Une Archéologie des Sciences Humaines. Paris: Gallimard.
Geertz, Armin W. (2004). Can we move beyond primitivism? On recovering the indigenes of indigenous religions in the academic study of religion. In: J. K. Olupona, ed., Beyond Primitivism: Indigenous Religious Traditions and Modernity, pp. 37-70. New York, NY, London: Routledge.
Gladigow, Burkhard (1995). Europäische Religionsgeschichte. In: H. G. Kippenberg & B. Luchesi, eds., Lokale Religionsgeschichte, pp. 21-42. Marburg: Diagonal.
Gottlieb, Roger S., ed. (1996). This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment. New York, NY: Routledge.
Gottlieb, Roger S., ed. (2004). This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment. 2nd edition. New York, London.
Grieser, Alexandra & Jay Johnston, eds. (2017). Aesthetics of Religion: A Connective Concept (Religion and Reason 58). Berlin, Boston, MA: de Gruyter.
Gruzinski, Serge (1988). La Colonisation de l’Imaginaire: Sociétés Indigènes et Occidentalisation dans le Mexique Espagnol, XVIe-XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Gallimard.
Hallowell, A. I. (1960). Ojibwa ontology, behavior, and world view. In: S. Diamond, ed., Culture in History: Essays in Honor of Paul Radin, pp. 19-52. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Harvey, Graham, ed. (2000a). Indigenous Religions: A Companion. London, New York: Cassell.
Harvey, Graham (2000b). Introduction. In: G. Harvey, ed., Indigenous Religions: A Companion, pp. 1-19. London, New York: Cassell.
Harvey, Graham (2005). Animism: Respecting the Living World. Adelaide: Wakefield Press.
Harvey, Graham, ed. (2014a). Handbook of Contemporary Animism. London, New York: Routledge.
Harvey, Graham (2014b). Introduction. In: G. Harvey, ed., Handbook of Contemporary Animism, pp. 1-12. London, New York: Routledge.
Harvey, Graham (2016). Why studying indigenous religions? In: J. L. Cox, ed., Critical Reflections on Indigenous Religions (Vitality of Indigenous Religions), pp. 19-28. London, New York: Routledge.
Harvey, Graham (2017). If not all stones are alive …: Radical relationality in animism studies. Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 11 (4), pp. 481-497.
Harvey, Graham & Miguel Astor-Aguilera (2018). We have never been individuals. In: M. Astor-Aguilera & G. Harvey, eds., Rethinking Relations and Animism: Personhood and Materiality (Vitality of Indigenous Religions), pp. 1-12. Abingdon, New York: Routledge.
Harvey, Graham & Amy Whitehead, eds. (2018). Indigenous Religions (Critical Concepts in Religious Studies). London: Routledge.
Henare, Amiria, Martin Holbraad & Sari Wastell (2006a). Introduction: Thinking through things. In: A. Henare, M. Holbraad & S. Wastell, eds., Thinking through Things: Theorizing Artefacts Ethnographically, pp. 1-31. London: Routledge.
Henare, Amiria, Martin Holbraad & Sari Wastell, eds. (2006b). Thinking through Things: Theorizing Artefacts Ethnographically. London: Routledge.
Heywood, Paolo (2017). The ontological turn. In: F. Stein, S. Lazar, M. Candea, H. Diemberger, J. Robbins, A. Sanchez & R. Stasch, eds., The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Accessed Sept 23, 2019. <http://www.anthroencyclopedia.com/entry/ontological-turn>.
Hobgood-Oster, Laura & Whitney A. Bauman (2018a). Introduction. In: L. Hobgood-Oster & W. A. Bauman, eds., The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion and Nature: The Elements (Bloomsbury Handbooks in Religion), pp. 1-10. London, New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
Hobgood-Oster, Laura & Whitney A. Bauman, eds. (2018b). The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion and Nature: The Elements (Bloomsbury Handbooks in Religion. London, New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
Hogan, Linda (2014). We call it tradition. In: G. Harvey, ed., Handbook of Contemporary Animism, pp. 17-26. London, New York: Routledge.
Holbraad, Martin (2012). Truth in Motion: The Recursive Anthropology of Cuban Divination. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
Holbraad, Martin & M. Pedersen (2017). The Ontological Turn: An Anthropological Exposition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Honour, Hugh (1975). The New Golden Land: European Images of America from the Discoveries to the Present Time. New York, NY: Pantheon Books.
Hutchings, Tim & Joanne McKenzie, eds. (2017). Materiality and the Study of Religion: The Stuff of the Sacred. London: Routledge.
Hutton, Ronald (2003). Living with witchcraft, In: R. Hutton, Witches, Druids and King Arthur, pp. 259-294. London, New York: Hambledon.
Ingold, Tim (2006). Rethinking the animate, re-animating thought. Ethnos 71 (1), pp. 9-20.
Ingold, Tim (2014). Being alive to a world without objects. In: G. Harvey, ed., Handbook of Contemporary Animism, pp. 213-225. London, New York: Routledge.
Jenkins, Willis, Mary E. Tucker & John Grim, eds. (2017). Routledge Handbook of Religion and Ecology (Routledge International Handbooks). Abingdon, New York: Routledge.
Kawagley, Oscar (2006). A Yupiaq Worldview: A Pathway to Ecology and Spirit. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
Keen, Benjamin (1990). The Aztec Image in Western Thought. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Kippenberg, Hans G. (1994). Rivalität in der Religionswissenschaft. Religionsphänomenologen und Religionssoziologen als kulturkritische Konkurrenten. Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft 2, pp. 69-89.
Knott, Kim (2005). The Location of Religion: A Spatial Analysis. London: Equinox Pub.
Knott, Kim (2009a). From locality to location and back again: A spatial journey in the study of religion. Religion 39 (2), pp. 154-160.
Knott, Kim (2009b). Spatial theory and spatial methodology, their relationship and application: A transatlantic engagement. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 77 (2), pp. 413-424.
Koch, Anne & Katharina Wilkens, eds. (2020). The Bloomsbury Handbook of the Cultural and Cognitive Aesthetics of Religion (Bloomsbury Handbooks in Religion). London: Bloomsbury Academics.
Laack, Isabel (2011). Religion und Musik in Glastonbury: Eine Fallstudie zu gegenwärtigen Formen religiöser Identitätsdiskurse (Critical Studies in Religion/Religionswissenschaft 1). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Laack, Isabel (2019). Aztec Religion and Art of Writing: Investigating Embodied Meaning, Indigenous Semiotics, and the Nahua Sense of Reality (Numen Book Series 161). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson (2003). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Leeuw, Gerardus van der (1933). Phänomenologie der Religion (Neue Theologische Grundrisse). Tübingen: J.C.V. Mohr.
Maarif, Samsul (2018). The personhood of air: The Ammatoans’ indigenous perspective. In: L. Hobgood-Oster & W. A. Bauman, eds., The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion and Nature: The Elements (Bloomsbury Handbooks in Religion), pp. 81-88. London, New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
Marrett, Robert R. (1909). The Threshold of Religion. London: Methuen.
Marriott, McKim (1976). Hindu transactions: Diversity without dualism. In: B. Kapferer, ed., Transaction and Meaning: Directions in the Anthropology of Exchange and Symbolic Behavior, pp. 109-142. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI.
Masuzawa, Tomoko (2005). The Invention of World Religions, or, How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Matthews, Maureen & Roger Roulette (2018). “Are all stones alive?” Anthropological and Anishinaabe approaches to personhood. In: M. Astor-Aguilera & G. Harvey, eds., Rethinking Relations and Animism: Personhood and Materiality (Vitality of Indigenous Religions), pp. 109-142. Abingdon, New York: Routledge.
McCutcheon, Russell (1997). Manufacturing Religion: The Discourse on Sui Generis Religion and the Politics of Nostalgia. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
McCutcheon, Russell T., ed. (1999). The Insider/Outsider Problem in the Study of Religion: A Reader. London: Cassell.
Mignolo, Walter D. (2000). Local Histories, Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking (Princeton Studies in Culture / Power / History). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Mignolo, Walter D. (2010). The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Literacy, Territoriality, and Colonization. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press.
Mignolo, Walter D. (2011). The Darker Side of Western Modernity: Global Futures, Decolonial Options (Latin America Otherwise). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Milton, Kay (1996). Environmentalism and Cultural Theory: Exploring the Role of Anthropology in Environmental Discourse. London: Routledge.
Morgan, David, ed. (2010). Religion and Material Culture: The Matter of Belief. London, New York, NY: Routledge.
Morgan, David (2012). The Embodied Eye: Religious Visual Culture and the Social Life of Feeling. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Morrison, Kenneth M. (2000). The cosmos as intersubjective: Native American other-than-human persons. In: G. Harvey, ed., Indigenous Religions: A Companion, pp. 109-142. London, New York: Cassell.
Morrison, Kenneth M. (2014). Animism and a proposal for a post-Cartesian anthropology. In: G. Harvey, ed., Handbook of Contemporary Animism, pp. 38-52. London, New York: Routledge.
Mumm, Susan (2002). Aspirational Indians: North American indigenous religions and the New Age. In: J. Pearson, ed., Belief Beyond Boundaries: Wicca, Celtic Spirituality and The New Age (Religion Today: Tradition, Modernity and Change), pp. 38-52. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Olupona, Jacob K. (2004). Preface. In: J. K. Olupona, ed., Beyond Primitivism: Indigenous Religious Traditions and Modernity, pp. xiv-xvi. New York, NY, London: Routledge.
Otto, Rudolf (1917). Das Heilige: Über das Irrationale in der Idee des Göttlichen und sein Verhältnis zum Rationalen. Breslau: Trewendt und Granier.
Promey, Sally M. (2014). Sensational Religion: Sensory Cultures in Material Practice. Princeton, NJ: Yale University Press.
Sahlins, Marshall D. (2014). On the ontological scheme of Beyond Nature and Culture. Hau 4 (1), pp. 281-290.
Said, Edward (1978). Orientalism. New York, NY: Pantheon Books.
Schilbrack, Kevin (2014a). Embodied critical realism. Journal of Religious Ethics 42 (1), pp. 167-179.
Schilbrack, Kevin (2014b). Philosophy and the Study of Religions: A Manifesto (Wiley Blackwell Manifestos). Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
Schlieter, Jens (2010). Außereuropäische Begriffe für “Religion” und die Frage nach der Einzigartigkeit des europäischen Religionsbegriffs. In: J. Schlieter, ed., Was ist Religion? Texte von Cicero bis Luhmann, pp. 247-268. Stuttgart: Reclam.
Smart, Ninian (1973). The Science of Religion and the Sociology of Knowledge: Some Methodological Questions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Smith, Wilfred C. (1959). Comparative religion: Wither—and why? In: M. Eliade & J. M. Kitagawa, eds., The History of Religions: Essays in Methodology, pp. 31-58. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Söderblom, Nathan (1913). Holiness: General and primitive. In: J. Hastings, ed., Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics: Vol. 6, pp. 31-58. Edinburgh, New York, NY: Clark & Scribner.
Spivak, Gayatri C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? In: C. Nelson, ed., Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, pp. 271-313. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Stausberg, Michael (2006). Reflexivity. In: J. Kreinath, J. Snoek & M. Stausberg, eds., Theorizing Rituals: Vol. 1. Issues, Topics, Approaches, Concepts, pp. 627-646. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
Stolz, Fritz (1993). Paradiese und Gegenwelten. Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft 1, pp. 5-23.
Strathern, Marilyn (1988). The Gender of the Gift. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Stuckrad, Kocku von (2010). Reflections on the limits of reflection: An invitation to the discursive study of religion. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 22, pp. 156-169.
Tafjord, Bjørn O. (2013). Indigenous religion(s) as an analytical category. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 25 (3), pp. 221-243.
Taylor, Bron (2010). Dark Green Religion. Nature, Spirituality, and the Planetary Future. Berkeley, CA, et al.: University of California Press.
Trubshaw, Bob (2005). Sacred Places: Prehistory and Popular Imagination. Loughborough: Heart of Albion.
Tweed, Thomas A. (2006). Crossing and Dwelling: A Theory of Religion. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Tylor, Edward B. (1871). Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom. Vol. 1. London: John Murray.
Vásquez, Manuel A. (2011). More Than Belief: A Materialist Theory of Religion. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Vecsey, C. (1980). American Indian environmental religions. In: C. Vecsey & R. Venables, eds., American Indian Environments: Ecological Issues in Native American History, pp. 627-646. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo B. (1998). Cosmological Deixis and Amerindian perspectivism. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 4, pp. 469-488.
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo B. (2016). The Relative Native: Essays on Indigenous Conceptual Worlds. Chicago, IL: Hau Books.
Wach, Joachim (1935). Sinn und Aufgabe der Religionswissenschaft. Zeitschrift für Missionskunde und Religionswissenschaft 50 (5), pp. 133-147.
Whitehead, Amy (2014). The new fetishism: Western statue devotion and a matter of power. In: G. Harvey, ed., Handbook of Contemporary Animism, pp. 260-270. London, New York: Routledge.
Wilkinson, Darryl (2017). Is there such a thing as animism? Journal of the American Academy of Religion 85 (2), pp. 289-311.
Willerslev, Rane (2014). “The one-all”: The animistic high god. In: G. Harvey, ed., Handbook of Contemporary Animism, pp. 275-283. London, New York: Routledge.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 2679 | 964 | 60 |
Full Text Views | 364 | 107 | 16 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 673 | 254 | 29 |
In the last decades, the worldview(s) of so-called Indigenous religions have regained academic interest. Scholars of religion, anthropologists, and Indigenous writers engage in a new research field called new animism characterized by a diversity of insider and outsider positions. The field contains immense potential for inspiring general debates in the study of religion because it touches on fundamental questions about hermeneutics, epistemology, epistemic goals, disciplinary identities, and the influence of Western ontology on scientific and academic research.
This article aims to draw the attention of scholars of religion to the new animism by contextualizing the field within disciplinary and cultural history, presenting its core theories, analyzing its methodological and epistemological positions, and identifying the central players ands its politically highly charged social contexts with asymmetrical power relations. Finally, it discusses how the new animism challenges general debates within the study of religion and may provocatively stimulate them.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 2679 | 964 | 60 |
Full Text Views | 364 | 107 | 16 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 673 | 254 | 29 |