M.C. de Boer, Johannine Perspectives on the Death of Jesus (Kampen: Pharos, 1996) 244.

M.C. de Boer, Johannine Perspectives on the Death of Jesus (Kampen: Pharos, 1996) 244.)| false
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C.H. Dodd, The Johannine Epistles (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1948) 149; F.F. Bruce, The Epistles of John (2nd ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979) 140; J.L. Houlden, A Commentary on the Johannine Epistles (London: Adam and Charles Black, 1973) 146; J. Painter, 1, 2, and 3 John (Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 2002) 353; P.R. Jones, 1, 2 & 3 John (Macon: Smyth & Helwys, 2009) 258-259. C.G. Kruse, The Letters of John (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000) 210 argues that 1 John 4:2 refers to the status of Christ as having come while 2 John 7 refers to the process of his coming in the flesh.

C.H. Dodd, The Johannine Epistles (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1948) 149; F.F. Bruce, The Epistles of John (2nd ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979) 140; J.L. Houlden, A Commentary on the Johannine Epistles (London: Adam and Charles Black, 1973) 146; J. Painter, 1, 2, and 3 John (Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 2002) 353; P.R. Jones, 1, 2 & 3 John (Macon: Smyth & Helwys, 2009) 258-259. C.G. Kruse, The Letters of John (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000) 210 argues that 1 John 4:2 refers to the status of Christ as having come while 2 John 7 refers to the process of his coming in the flesh.)| false
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I.H. Marshall, The Epistles of St. John (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978) 70-71; W. de Boor, Die Briefe des Johannes4 (Wuppertal: R. Brockhaus, 1982) 185; G.M. Burge, The Letters of John (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996) 234; D.L. Akin, 1, 2, 3 John (Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 2001) 229; and hesitantly R.E. Brown, The Epistles of John (Garden City: Doubleday, 1982) 670. M.M. Thompson, 1-3 John (Leicester: InterVarsity Press, 1992) 154-155 argues that the confession or creed recorded in both 1 John 4:2 and 2 John 7 has the same thrust which does not rest on the tense of the verb. The issue is not the nature of the incarnation but the importance of confessing it.

I.H. Marshall, The Epistles of St. John (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978) 70-71; W. de Boor, Die Briefe des Johannes⁴ (Wuppertal: R. Brockhaus, 1982) 185; G.M. Burge, The Letters of John (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996) 234; D.L. Akin, 1, 2, 3 John (Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 2001) 229; and hesitantly R.E. Brown, The Epistles of John (Garden City: Doubleday, 1982) 670. M.M. Thompson, 1-3 John (Leicester: InterVarsity Press, 1992) 154-155 argues that the confession or creed recorded in both 1 John 4:2 and 2 John 7 has the same thrust which does not rest on the tense of the verb. The issue is not the nature of the incarnation but the importance of confessing it.)| false
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R. Schnackenburg, The Johannine Epistles (New York: Crossroad, 1992) 284.

R. Schnackenburg, The Johannine Epistles (New York: Crossroad, 1992) 284.)| false
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R. Bultman, The Johannine Epistles: A Commentary on the Johannine Epistles (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1973) 112. See also A.E. Brooke, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Johannine Epistles (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1912) 175; S.S. Smalley, 1, 2, 3, John (rev. ed.; Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2007) 316-317.

R. Bultman, The Johannine Epistles: A Commentary on the Johannine Epistles (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1973) 112. See also A.E. Brooke, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Johannine Epistles (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1912) 175; S.S. Smalley, 1, 2, 3, John (rev. ed.; Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2007) 316-317.)| false
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Streett, Opponents, 345.

Streett, Opponents, 345.)| false
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G. Strecker, The Johannine Letters: A Commentary on 1, 2, and 3 John (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996) 233. J.M. Lieu, The Second and Third Epistles of John: History and Background (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1986) 84 comments that the present tense-form “grammatically makes a reference to the past fact of the incarnation improbable.” S.E. Porter, Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the New Testament: with reference to Tense and Mood (New York: Peter Lang, 1989) 379 disagrees with Lieu noting that her statement is incorrect with regards to grammar, evidence, and understanding of tense function. This has not stopped J.M. Lieu, I, II & III John: A Commentary (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2008) 253 saying that 2 John needs to be translated differently to 1 John 4:2 because of the use of different tense-forms.

G. Strecker, The Johannine Letters: A Commentary on 1, 2, and 3 John (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996) 233. J.M. Lieu, The Second and Third Epistles of John: History and Background (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1986) 84 comments that the present tense-form “grammatically makes a reference to the past fact of the incarnation improbable.” S.E. Porter, Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the New Testament: with reference to Tense and Mood (New York: Peter Lang, 1989) 379 disagrees with Lieu noting that her statement is incorrect with regards to grammar, evidence, and understanding of tense function. This has not stopped J.M. Lieu, I, II & III John: A Commentary (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2008) 253 saying that 2 John needs to be translated differently to 1 John 4:2 because of the use of different tense-forms.)| false
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W. Loader, The Johannine Epistles (London: Epworth, 1992) 92; Jones, 1, 2 & 3 John, 259.

W. Loader, The Johannine Epistles (London: Epworth, 1992) 92; Jones, 1, 2 & 3 John, 259.)| false
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Smalley, 1, 2, 3, John, 316-317.

Smalley, 1, 2, 3, John, 316-317.)| false
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P. Perkins, The Johannine Epistles (Dublin: Veritas, 1979) 85; Lieu, Epistles, 86; H.J. Klauck, Der zweite und dritte Johannesbrief (Zurich: Benziger Verlag, 1992) 55.

P. Perkins, The Johannine Epistles (Dublin: Veritas, 1979) 85; Lieu, Epistles, 86; H.J. Klauck, Der zweite und dritte Johannesbrief (Zurich: Benziger Verlag, 1992) 55.)| false
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Lieu, Epistles, 86. See also Brown, Epistles, 670. Johnson, 1-3 John, 159 suggests that the use of the present tense-form might have been made under the influence of Ps 118:26 which is quoted in John 12:13.

Lieu, Epistles, 86. See also Brown, Epistles, 670. Johnson, 1-3 John, 159 suggests that the use of the present tense-form might have been made under the influence of Ps 118:26 which is quoted in John 12:13.)| false
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M. Morgen, Les épîtres de Jean (Paris: Cerf, 2005) 223.

M. Morgen, Les épîtres de Jean (Paris: Cerf, 2005) 223.)| false
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Brown, Epistles, 670.

Brown, Epistles, 670.)| false
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Lieu, I, II & III John, 255.

Lieu, I, II & III John, 255.)| false
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Lieu, I, II & III John, 254.

Lieu, I, II & III John, 254.)| false
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Loader, Epistles, 92.

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Lieu, Epistles, 86. Klauck, Johannesbrief, 55 does not see the absence of the article to be an “insurmountable obstacle” because of the possible predicate position of the participle.

Lieu, Epistles, 86. Klauck, Johannesbrief, 55 does not see the absence of the article to be an “insurmountable obstacle” because of the possible predicate position of the participle.)| false
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Streett, Opponents, 346.

Streett, Opponents, 346.)| false
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Streett, Opponents, 249.

Streett, Opponents, 249.)| false
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Streett, Opponents, 347.

Streett, Opponents, 347.)| false
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Painter, 1, 2 & 3 John, 350. See also Strecker, Letters, 234.

Painter, 1, 2 & 3 John, 350. See also Strecker, Letters, 234.)| false
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Loader, Epistles, 92.

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Strecker, Letters, 31-47. This view can be traced back to Oecumenius (c. 990) who in his Commentary on 2 John (pg 119.692) states with reference to the present participle that “John is speaking in the first instance about the second coming of Christ, not about the first one, though it is clear that whoever denies his second coming has denied his first coming also. Someone who thinks that he really did come in the flesh will certainly believe the promise that he made while he was in the flesh, to the effect that his is coming again”; cited in G.L. Bray, James, 1-2 Peter, 1-3 John, Jude (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2000) 236.

Strecker, Letters, 31-47. This view can be traced back to Oecumenius (c. 990) who in his Commentary on 2 John (pg 119.692) states with reference to the present participle that “John is speaking in the first instance about the second coming of Christ, not about the first one, though it is clear that whoever denies his second coming has denied his first coming also. Someone who thinks that he really did come in the flesh will certainly believe the promise that he made while he was in the flesh, to the effect that his is coming again”; cited in G.L. Bray, James, 1-2 Peter, 1-3 John, Jude (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2000) 236.)| false
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Brown, Epistles, 669. Lieu, Epistles, 84 comments “the most natural translation grammatically would be a reference to a future coming ‘in the flesh.’ ” D.W. Burdick, The Letters of John (Chicago: Moody, 1985) 425 says it is grammatically possible.

Brown, Epistles, 669. Lieu, Epistles, 84 comments “the most natural translation grammatically would be a reference to a future coming ‘in the flesh.’ ” D.W. Burdick, The Letters of John (Chicago: Moody, 1985) 425 says it is grammatically possible.)| false
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Loader, Epistles, 92.

Loader, Epistles, 92.)| false
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Strecker, Letters, 233.

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Brown, Epistles, 669.

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Loader, Epistles, 93; Strecker, Letters, 234-325. Loader, Epistles, 93 notes that the most significant evidence is from Justin Martyr because it reflects such a conflict and is located in the same approximate time as 2 John (130 ad).

Loader, Epistles, 93; Strecker, Letters, 234-325. Loader, Epistles, 93 notes that the most significant evidence is from Justin Martyr because it reflects such a conflict and is located in the same approximate time as 2 John (130 ad).)| false
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Houlden, Epistles, 145; Burge, Letters, 234; Smalley, 1, 2, 3, John, 316-317.

Houlden, Epistles, 145; Burge, Letters, 234; Smalley, 1, 2, 3, John, 316-317.)| false
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Brown, Epistles, 669; Burdick, Letters, 425; Smalley, 1, 2, 3, John, 316-317; Streett, Opponents, 344.

Brown, Epistles, 669; Burdick, Letters, 425; Smalley, 1, 2, 3, John, 316-317; Streett, Opponents, 344.)| false
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Streett, Opponents, 344.

Streett, Opponents, 344.)| false
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Dodd, Epistles, 149; Lieu, Epistles, 85.

Dodd, Epistles, 149; Lieu, Epistles, 85.)| false
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Schnackenburg, Epistles, 284; Lieu, I, II & III John, 255.

Schnackenburg, Epistles, 284; Lieu, I, II & III John, 255.)| false
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Akin, 1, 2, 3, John, 229.

Akin, 1, 2, 3, John, 229.)| false
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Bruce, Epistles, 145; Bultmann, Epistles, 112; Schnackenburg, Epistles, 284. Loader, Epistles, 93 does not see this as a weakness because the glorified Lord who returns will be “in flesh.” Lieu, Epistles, 85 also does not see this as a valid objetion because “antidocetic polemic in the early church could emphasise not only the ‘fleshly’ incarnation, death, resurrection and ascension of Jesus but also his coming again ‘in the same flesh,’ ” see Irenaeus, Haer. 3.16.8; Tertullian, Carn. Chr. 16.1; 24.4. The difficulty with Lieu’s evidence is that both these documents are dated so late her argument risks some form of anachronism. Strecker, Letters, 234 also does not see this as a problem because the objection “presupposes an ‘orthodox’ eschatological-apocalyptic idea that by no means held the field without opposition in the first and second centuries of Christian theology.”

Bruce, Epistles, 145; Bultmann, Epistles, 112; Schnackenburg, Epistles, 284. Loader, Epistles, 93 does not see this as a weakness because the glorified Lord who returns will be “in flesh.” Lieu, Epistles, 85 also does not see this as a valid objetion because “antidocetic polemic in the early church could emphasise not only the ‘fleshly’ incarnation, death, resurrection and ascension of Jesus but also his coming again ‘in the same flesh,’ ” see Irenaeus, Haer. 3.16.8; Tertullian, Carn. Chr. 16.1; 24.4. The difficulty with Lieu’s evidence is that both these documents are dated so late her argument risks some form of anachronism. Strecker, Letters, 234 also does not see this as a problem because the objection “presupposes an ‘orthodox’ eschatological-apocalyptic idea that by no means held the field without opposition in the first and second centuries of Christian theology.”)| false
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Burdick, Letters, 425-426.

Burdick, Letters, 425-426.)| false
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Kruse, Letters, 210. See also Lieu, Epistles, 85.

Kruse, Letters, 210. See also Lieu, Epistles, 85.)| false
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J. Beutler, Die Johannesbriefe (Regensburg: Pustet, 2000) 159. Against the charge that the context does not have reference to the parousia Strecker, Letters, 234 argues that the antichrist is an apocalyptic figure and so there is a future reference in the immediate context of 2 John 7. However, the problem with Strecker’s response is that the antichrist also occurs in the context of 1 John 4:2 where the parousia is clearly not on view because of the perfect tense-form (if you following Strecker’s own understanding of the perfect).

J. Beutler, Die Johannesbriefe (Regensburg: Pustet, 2000) 159. Against the charge that the context does not have reference to the parousia Strecker, Letters, 234 argues that the antichrist is an apocalyptic figure and so there is a future reference in the immediate context of 2 John 7. However, the problem with Strecker’s response is that the antichrist also occurs in the context of 1 John 4:2 where the parousia is clearly not on view because of the perfect tense-form (if you following Strecker’s own understanding of the perfect).)| false
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C.R. Campbell, Verbal Aspect, the Indicative Mood, and Narrative: Soundings in the Greek of the New Testament (New York: Peter Lang, 2007); C.R. Campbell, Verbal Aspect and Non-Indicative Verbs: Further Soundings in the Greek of the New Testament (New York: Peter Lang, 2008).

C.R. Campbell, Verbal Aspect, the Indicative Mood, and Narrative: Soundings in the Greek of the New Testament (New York: Peter Lang, 2007); C.R. Campbell, Verbal Aspect and Non-Indicative Verbs: Further Soundings in the Greek of the New Testament (New York: Peter Lang, 2008).)| false
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Porter, Verbal Aspect, 91; B.I. Fanning, Verbal Aspect in New Testament Greek (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990) 103; M.B. Olsen, A Semantic and Pragmatic Model of Lexical and Grammatical Aspect (New York: Garland, 1997) 202; Campbell, Indicative Mood, 76.

Porter, Verbal Aspect, 91; B.I. Fanning, Verbal Aspect in New Testament Greek (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990) 103; M.B. Olsen, A Semantic and Pragmatic Model of Lexical and Grammatical Aspect (New York: Garland, 1997) 202; Campbell, Indicative Mood, 76.)| false
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Campbell, Indicative Mood, 35.

Campbell, Indicative Mood, 35.)| false
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Fanning, Verbal Aspect, 112-120; Olson, Grammatical Aspect, 202.

Fanning, Verbal Aspect, 112-120; Olson, Grammatical Aspect, 202.)| false
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Porter, Verbal Aspect, 245-251.

Porter, Verbal Aspect, 245-251.)| false
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Campbell, Indicative Mood, 195-210.

Campbell, Indicative Mood, 195-210.)| false
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Campbell, Indicative Mood, 177.

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Campbell, Indicative Mood, 202-203.

Campbell, Indicative Mood, 202-203.)| false
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Campbell, Indicative Mood, 207.

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Campbell, Non-Indicative Verbs, 27.

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Campbell, Non-Indicative Verbs, 27-28.

Campbell, Non-Indicative Verbs, 27-28.)| false
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Brown, Epistles, 118-119.

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Brown, Epistles, 205-206; Schnackenberg, Epistles, 84; Kruse, Letters, 70; Akin, 1, 2, 3 John, 74.

Brown, Epistles, 205-206; Schnackenberg, Epistles, 84; Kruse, Letters, 70; Akin, 1, 2, 3 John, 74.)| false
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Kruse, Letters, 77-78; Jensen, Affirming the Resurrection, 97-102.

Kruse, Letters, 77-78; Jensen, Affirming the Resurrection, 97-102.)| false
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