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The so-called “Chaucer Astrolabe” from the Koelliker collection, Milan, is a remarkable 14th-century English instrument. In addition to recounting its recent story and expounding its detailed description, this article offers a multi-sided approach to the object. The instrument is examined in relation to some of the early manuscript copies and to other astrolabes that have most commonly been seen as linked to Geoffrey Chaucer’s Treatise on the Astrolabe. In particular, the article provides stylistic and astronomical analyses through comparisons with the illustrations in the early copies of the Treatise, a selection of very similar instruments, and the data of the Pseudo-Messahalla star table. This multi-sided approach has some implications for existing scholarship on the astrolabes in the Chaucer tradition.
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Mara Miniati, “The Collecting Taste: Italian Case-Studies between the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries,” in European Collections of Scientific Instruments, 1550–1750, edited by Giorgio Strano, Stephen Johnston, Mara Miniati, Alison Morrison-Low (Leiden: Brill, 2009), pp. 191–204: 197.
Tullio Tomba, “Poesia e Scienza delle Stelle nel Medioevo Inglese: Un Astrolabio della ‘Tradizione Chaucer’,” FIMAntiquari: Arte viva: Pubblicazione della Federazione italiana mercanti d’arte, 1994, 3 (5): 46–53, p. 49.
In addition to Tomba, “Poesia e Scienza” (cit. note 3), see also: Tomba, “Un astrolabio inglese medievale della ‘Tradizione Chaucer’,” Rendiconti dell’Istituto Lombardo sez. B, 1992, 126: 71–82.
Paul Kunitzsch, “John of London and His Unknown Arabic Source,” Journal for the History of Astronomy, 1986, 17: 51–57, p. 51. See also Kunitzsch, “Star Catalogues and Star Tables in Medieval Oriental and European Astronomy,” Indian Journal of History of Science, 1986, 21 (2): 113–122, p. 120.
John David North, Chaucer’s Universe (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988), pp. 38–86, and in particular p. 38; Eisner (ed.), A Treatise (cit. note 10), p. 105.
Ibid., p. 104.
Ibid., p. 109.
Ibid., pp. 152–153.
Catherine Eagleton, “‘Chaucer’s Own Astrolabe’: Text, Image and Object,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 2007, 38: 303–326.
Owen Gingerich, “Zoomorphic Astrolabes and the Introduction of Arabic Star Names into Europe,” in From Deferent to Equant: A Volume of Studies in the History of Science in the Ancient and Medieval Near East in Honor of E.S. Kennedy, edited by D.A. King, G.A. Saliba (New York: The New York Academy of Sciences, 1987): 89–104, pp. 92–93; also reprinted with major variants as the chapter “Zoomorphic Astrolabes: Arabic Star Names Enter Europe,” in Gingerich, The Eye of Heaven: Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler (New York: The American Institute of Physics, 1993): 81–101, p. 84.
Walter W. Skeat (ed.), A Treatise on the Astrolabe; Addressed to His Son Lowys by Geoffrey Chaucer, A.D. 1391 (London: N. Trübner & Co., 1872), pl. II, fig. 2; reprinted as: Geoffrey Chaucer, A Treatise on the Astrolabe (1391) (Amsterdam: Meridian Publishing Co., 1978), pl. II, fig. 2.
Adriano Cappelli, Lexicon abbreviaturarum: Dizionario di abbreviature latine ed italiane (Milan: Hoepli, 2004), pp. xxiii–xxvi.
Ibid., pp. xxix–xxxi.
Ibid., pp. xxix–xxxi and xxxvi.
Gerald J. Toomer (ed.), Ptolemy’s Almagest (New York: Spinger Verlag, 1984), p. 387.
Kari Anne Rand Schmidt, The Authorship of the Equatorie of the Planetis (Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1993), pp. 150–185.
Henri Michel, Traité de l’astrolabe (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1947); reprint: (Paris: Librairie Alain Brieux, 1976), pp. 142–148; Roland K.E. Torode, “A Mathematical System for Identifying the Stars of an Astrolabe and Finding its Age,” Astrolabica, 1989, 5: 53–73, p. 57; Torode, “A Study of Astrolabes,” Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 1992, 102 (1): 25–30, pp. 25–26. For critical contributions about such methods see: Emmanuel Poulle, “Peut-on dater les astrolabes médiévaux?,” Revue d’Histoire des Sciences el Leurs Applications, 1956, 9: 301–322; Elly Dekker, “On Astrolabes and Dates and Dead Ends”, Annals of Science, 1992, 49: 175–184, pp. 177–184.
Milton D. Heifenz, Precession of the Equinoxes Historical Planisphere (Somerville, Massachusetts: Learning Technologies Inc., 1997).
Ibid., pp. 316–317.
Ibid., p. 177.
Ibid., p. 198.
Ibid., pp. 206–207.
Ibid., p. 207.
Ibid., pp. 206–207. Eagleton further relates the letters of the hour division of the limb to one method of dividing the compass and the visible horizon, citing Chaucer’s reference to “this orisonte departed in 24 partis by this azimutes in signification of the 24 parties of the world”, Eagleton, “‘Chaucer’s Own Astrolabe’” (cit. note 18), p. 320; Chaucer, however, is referring to the horizon line on the latitude projection, which is indeed divided by the azimuths into 24 intervals of 15 degrees, and not to the limb of the mater.
Ibid., pp. 312–314.
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The so-called “Chaucer Astrolabe” from the Koelliker collection, Milan, is a remarkable 14th-century English instrument. In addition to recounting its recent story and expounding its detailed description, this article offers a multi-sided approach to the object. The instrument is examined in relation to some of the early manuscript copies and to other astrolabes that have most commonly been seen as linked to Geoffrey Chaucer’s Treatise on the Astrolabe. In particular, the article provides stylistic and astronomical analyses through comparisons with the illustrations in the early copies of the Treatise, a selection of very similar instruments, and the data of the Pseudo-Messahalla star table. This multi-sided approach has some implications for existing scholarship on the astrolabes in the Chaucer tradition.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 640 | 38 | 5 |
Full Text Views | 249 | 0 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 47 | 2 | 0 |