From Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Mūsa al-Rāzī to Mouro Rasis
Translation and Cultural Dialogue in Medieval Iberia
In: Philological EncountersMedieval Iberia was one of the most important places of cultural interaction and transcultural encounters within the Mediterranean space, where an extensive translation movement from Arabic into Latin and from Arabic into the emerging vernacular languages took place. Considering translation as a form of cultural interaction, this paper will investigate the cultural and philological relationships between two historical works, namely an earlier Arabic work of history, Akhbār Mulūk al-Andalus by Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Mūsa al-Rāzī (887-955 ad) and its 14th century Portuguese translation, Cronica do Mouro Razis. The aim is to highlight some of the problems of historiographical writing and try to understand both the limitations and interventions of the translators when dealing with an historical text pertaining to another linguistic and cultural tradition.
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al-Ḥimyarī Ibn ʿAbd al-Munʿim ‘Abbas Iḥsān Kitāb al-Rawḍ al-miʿṭār fi khabar al-aqṭār 1974 Beirut Libraire du Liban
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al-Maqqarī Shihāb al-dīn b. Yaḥyā al-Tilimsānī ʿAbbās Iḥsān Nafḥ al-ṭīb min ghuṣn al-Andalus al-raṭīb wa-dhikr wazīrihā Lisān al-Dīn Ibn al-Khaṭīb 1968 Beirut Dār Ṣādir 8. vols. reprinted 2004
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al-ʿUdhrī Abu ’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad Al-Ahwānī ʿA. Nuṣūṣ ʿan al-Andalus min Kitāb Tarṣī ʿ al-akhbār 1965 Madrid Instituto de Estudios Islámicos
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Ibn al-Khaṭīb Lisān al-Dīn al-ʿAbbādī A.M. Nufāḍat al-jarāb fī ʿulālat al-ightirāb 1968 al-Qāhirah Dār al-Kātib al-ʿArabī lil-Ṭibāʿah wa-al-Nashr
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Ibn Bassām al-Shantarīnī Abu ’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī ʿAbbas Iḥsān Dhakhīra fī maḥāsin ahl al-Jazīra 1979 Beirut Dar Sader 4. vols.
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Ibn Ḥayyān Abū Marwān Ḥayyān b. Khalaf b. Ḥusayn Makki ʿAli Cronica de los emires Alḥakam I y ʿAbdarraḥamān ii entre los años 796 y 847 [Almuqtabis ii-1] 2001 Zaragoza La Aljafería
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Catalán Diego & Andrés María Soledad Edición crítica del texto español de la Crónica de 1344, que ordenó el Conde de Barcelos don Pedro Alfonso 1970 Madrid Gredos-Seminario Menéndez Pidal
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Catalán Diego & Andrés María Soledad Crónica del moro Rasis, versión del ajbār mulūk al-andalus de Aḥmad ibnmuhammad ibn mūsà al-rāzī, 889-955; romanzada para el rey don dionís de portugal hacia 1300 por mahomad alarife, y gil pérez, clérigo de don perianes porçel 1975 Madrid Seminario Menéndez Pidal
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Lindley Cintra Luis Filipe Crónica Geral de Espanha de 1344 1951-1990 Lisboa INCM 4 volumes
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Nascimento Aires A. A conquista de Lisboa aos Mouros: relato de um cruzado 2001 Lisboa Vega
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Resende André de Vicentius levita et martyr. Lisboa: apud Lodovicum Rhotorigium typographum, 1545 Accessed March 14, 2015 Online available at http://purl.pt/15168/3/#/0
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Resende André de Historia da antiguidade da cidade de Euora fecta per meestre Andree de Reesende. E agora nesta segunda impressam emendada pelo mesmo autor 1576 Accessed March 15, 2015 Euora Andre de Burgos Online available at: http://purl.pt/23306/3/#/0
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Anawati C.G. Bearman P.J., Bianquis Th., Bosworth C.E., van Donzel E. & Heinrichs W.P. “ ʿĪsa” Encyclopaedia of Islam Accessed February 5, 2015 Second Edition Brill Online, 2012. Online available at http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/isa-com_0378
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Baquero Moreno Humberto As relações de fronteira no século de Alcañices (1250-1350): o trarado de Alcañices” Revista da Faculdade de Letras, Historia 1998 15 no. 1 641 654 Online available at http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4026.pdf.
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Bratu Cristian Dunphy Graeme “Authorship” Encyclopedia of Medieval Chronicle Accessed February 5, 2015 Brill Online, 2012. Online available at http://www.brill.com/encyclopedia-medieval-chronicle-2-vols
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Cheddadi Abdesselam Les arabes et l’appropriation de l’histoire 2004 Paris Sindbad/actes Sud
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Cingolani Stefano Maria Romero Tomas & Recio Roxana “Traducció literària i traducció cultural” Essays on medieval translation in the Iberian peninsula 2005 Castellò Publicacions de la Universitat Jaime I
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Donner Fred Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing 1998 Princeton Darwin Press
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Dukate Aiga Translation, Manipulation and Interpreting 2009 53 Frankfurt am Mainz Peter Lang Verlag Publikationen des Fachbereichs Angewandte Translations-, Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz in Germersheim: Reihe A, Abhandlungen und Sammelbände
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Khalidi Tarif The Muslim Jesus 2004 Boston HUP
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Leanman Oliver The Qur’an: An Encyclopaedia 2006 London Routledge
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Lefevere Andre Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame 1992 London Routledge
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Lefevere Andre & Bassnett Susan Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation 1998 London Routledge
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Lhermitte Corrine “Adaptation as Rewriting: Evolution of a Concept” Revue lisa/lisa e-journal 2004 Accessed February 5, 2015 26 44 Online available at http://lisa.revues.org/2897
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Maser Matthias Die “Historia Arabum” des Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada: Arabische Traditionen und die Identitaet der Hispania im 13. Jahrhundert 2006 Münster Lit. Verlag
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Molina Luis “Sobre la procedencia de la historia preislamica insera em la Cronica del Moro Rasis” Awrāq, Revista editada por el Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura 1982-83 5-6 133 139
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Molina Luis “Técnicas de amplificatio en el Muqtabis de Ibn Hayyan” Talia Dixit 2006 1 55 79
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Moreira Filipe Alves A Crónica de Portugal de 1419: Fontes, Estratégias e Posteridade 2013 Lisboa FCG-FCT
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Penelas Mayte Thomas David “Aḥmad al-Rāzī” Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History Accessed February 5, 2015 Brill Online, 2012. Online available at http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/christian-muslim-relations/ahmad-al-razi-com_23401
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Pizarro José Augusto de Sottomayor D. Dinis 2006 Lisboa Círculo de Leitores
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Rei António “Literatura Moçárabe: Memória de uma cultura de resistência 1. Séculos viii-xii” Medievalista 2008 Accessed February 5, 2015 4 1 18 Online available at http://www2.fcsh.unl.pt/iem/medievalista/MEDIEVALISTA4/PDF4/rei-PDF.pdf
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Rei António Memória de Espaços e Espaços de Memória: De Al-Razi a D. Pedro de Barcelos 2008 Lisboa Colibri
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Rei António “O redactor do Livro de Rasis ou Crónica do Mouro Rasis: Subsídios para a sua identificação” Actas das vi Jornadas Luso-Espanholas de Estudos Medievais 2009 Batalha Sociedade Portuguesa de Estudos Medievais 269 276 2 vols.
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Rei António “A tradução do Livro de Rasis e a memória da Casa Senhorial dos Aboim-Portel” cehm 2010 33 155 172
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Robinson Chase F Islamic Historiography 2003 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
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Romero Eduardo Morales Historia de los Vikingos en España Ataques e Incursiones contra los reinos cristianos y musulmanes de la Península Ibérica en los siglos ix-xi 2004 Madrid Miaraguano Ediciones
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Sánchez Albornoz Claudio “Fuentes de la Historia Musulmana” En torno a los origenes del feudalismo 1974 volume 2 Buenos Aires Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires
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Sidarius Adel & Rei António “Lisboa e o seu termo segundo os geógrafos árabes” Arqueologia Medieval 2001 7 37 72
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Ventura Leontina D. Afonso iii 2006 Lisboa Círculo de Leitores
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Venuti Lawrence The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation 1994 London Routledge
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6
Andre Lefevere and Susan Bassnett, Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation (London: Routledge, 1998).
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7
Lawrence Venuti, The Translator’s Invisibility (London: Routledge, 1994), 18.
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8
Andre Lefevere, Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame (London: Routledge, 1992), ix-xi. I believe this perspective to be essential within the field of medieval literatures. It highlights the proper literary environment where borrowing, adapting and translating are often intertwined and intricate aspects of the same goal.
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15
Diego Catalán, ed., Crónica del moro Rasis, versión del ajbār mulūk al-andalus de Aḥmad ibnmuhammad ibn mūsà al-rāzī, 889-955; romanzada para el rey don dionís de portugal hacia 1300 por mahomad alarife, y gil pérez, clérigo de don perianes porçel (Madrid: Seminario Menéndez Pidal, 1975), xc. Diego Catalán also believed that al-Rāzī had been a direct source for the first Latin history on the Arabs, the Historia Arabum, written by Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada around 1230. But a recent and exhaustive study by Mathias Maser rejects this hypothesis (see Matthias Maser, Die “Historia Arabum” des Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada: Arabische Traditionen und die Identität der Hispania im 13. Jahrhundert [Münster: Lit. Verlag, 2006]).
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17
António Rei, Memória de Espaços e Espaços de Memória: De Al-Razi a D. Pedro de Barcelos (Lisboa: Colibri, 2008).
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22
Rei, “A tradução,” 162-163. Rei believes the Aboim-Portel family to be the promoters of the translation of Akhbār mulūk al-Andalus and he relates this initiative to the territorial dispute over the kingdom of Algarve that opposed king Dinis of Portugal and the king of Castile. However, a 17th-century manuscript preserved in the Danish National Library connects the translation to King Dinis himself. Since the Aboim-Portels were mandated as mediators and negotiators by the king himself to help solving the dispute over Algarve, one should accept that the translation of this Arabic work was, in the first place, a royal endeavour.
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32
Luis Molina, “Técnicas de amplificatio en el Muqtabis de Ibn Hayyan,” Talia Dixit 1 (2006): 55-79.
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44
C.G. Anawati, “ ʿĪsā,” in Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed. (Brill Online, 2012). Jesus is mentioned 93 times in the Qur’an and in 15 different sūras. ʿIsā Ibn Maryam is the most frequent designation, occurring 33 times (16 in the form ʿIsā Ibn Maryam and 17 Ibn Maryam).
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45
Tarif Khalidi, The Muslim Jesus (Boston: Harvard University Press, 2004), 14.
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46
Oliver Leanman, The Qur’an: An Encyclopaedia (Boston: Routledge, 2006), 305.
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51
See Stefano Maria Cingolani, “Traducció literària I traducció cultural,” in Essays on medieval translation in the Iberian peninsula, Tomas Romero and Roxana Recio, eds., (Castellò: Publicacions de la Universitat Jaime I, 2001), 129-153.
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From Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Mūsa al-Rāzī to Mouro Rasis
Translation and Cultural Dialogue in Medieval Iberia
In: Philological EncountersMedieval Iberia was one of the most important places of cultural interaction and transcultural encounters within the Mediterranean space, where an extensive translation movement from Arabic into Latin and from Arabic into the emerging vernacular languages took place. Considering translation as a form of cultural interaction, this paper will investigate the cultural and philological relationships between two historical works, namely an earlier Arabic work of history, Akhbār Mulūk al-Andalus by Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Mūsa al-Rāzī (887-955 ad) and its 14th century Portuguese translation, Cronica do Mouro Razis. The aim is to highlight some of the problems of historiographical writing and try to understand both the limitations and interventions of the translators when dealing with an historical text pertaining to another linguistic and cultural tradition.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 418 | 43 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 219 | 1 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 40 | 2 | 0 |