Pietism and Pentecostalism: Spiritual Cousins or Competitors?
In: PneumaSearch for other papers by Roger E. Olson in
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Abstract
Scholars of Pentecostalism typically trace the movement’s roots to the Wesleyan-Holiness movement and the healing revivals of the nineteenth century. Often overlooked is the influence of Pietism on early Pentecostalism. Pietism began as a spiritual renewal movement among Lutherans in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Germany, but its ethos of unmediated spiritual experience of God filtered into the stream of European and North American evangelical Christianity. Outbreaks of speaking in tongues and other ecstatic experiences happened among Scandinavian Pietist immigrants in Chicago and the upper Midwest of North America several years before the birth of Pentecostalism in Topeka and at Azusa Street in the first decade of the twentieth century. Pietists and Pentecostals are spiritual cousins who can learn from each other.
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1
Carter Lindberg, The Third Reformation: Charismatic Movements and the Lutheran Tradition (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1983).
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2
Frank D. Macchia, Spirituality and Social Liberation: The Message of the Blumhardts in the Light of Wuerttemberg Pietism (Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1993), 64-70.
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3
Frank Macchia, Baptized in the Spirit: A Global Pentecostal Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006), 41-42.
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4
W. J. Hollenweger, The Pentecostals: The Charismatic Movement in the Churches (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg, 1972), 381.
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5
Frederick Dale Bruner, A Theology of the Holy Spirit: The Pentecostal Experience and the New Testament Witness (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1970), 35.
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9
See Christopher B. Barnett, Kierkegaard, Pietism and Holiness (Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2011). For a fascinating study of Pietism’s relations with monarchs and their governments see Richard L. Gawthrop, Pietism and the Making of Eighteenth-century Prussia (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
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12
Albrecht Ritschl, Geschichte des Pietismus (Bonn: Marcus, 1880).
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13
Donald W. Dayton, Theological Roots of Pentecostalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1987), 143-48.
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14
Ted Campbell, The Religion of the Heart: A Study of European Religious Life in the 17th and 18th Centuries (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1991), 71.
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15
Donald G. Bloesch, The Crisis of Piety: Essays Towards a Theology of the Christian Life (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1968), 82-83.
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19
A. J. Tomlinson, “Brief History of the Church That Is Now Recognized as the Church of God,” in Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies: A Reader, ed. Kay and Dyer, 7.
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20
See Charles H. Byrd II, “Pentecostalism’s Anabaptist Heritage: The Zofingen Disputation of 1532,” The Journal of the European Pentecostal Theological Association 28, no. 1 (2008): 49-61.
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21
Synan, The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition, xi. In this book Synan admits other influences on Pentecostalism, such as the Keswick Movement.
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22
William W. Menzies, “The Reformed Roots of Pentecostalism,” Asian Journal of Pentecostal Studies 9, no. 2 (2006): 262. Menzies also mentions the Wesleyan roots of Pentecostalism.
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27
Harry Letson, “Pentecostalism as a Paradigm Shift: A Response to Hans Küng’s Paradigmatic Model,” Journal of the European Pentecostal Theological Association 27, no. 2 (2007): 110.
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30
Darrin J. Rodgers, “Rediscovering Pentecostalism’s Diverse Roots: Origins in Scandinavian Pietism in Minnesota and the Dakotas,” Refleks 5, no. 2 (2006): 50.
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34
See Joseph R. Colletti, “Lewi Pethrus: His Influence upon Scandinavian -American Pentecostalism,” Pneuma 5, no. 2 (1983): 18-29.
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35
Ronald Knox, Enthusiasm: A Chapter in the History of Religion (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1994).
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36
Carl F.H. Henry, Towards a Recovery of Christian Belief (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 1990), 55.
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38
Harvey Cox, Fire from Heaven: The Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the Reshaping of Religion in the Twenty-first Century (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1995), 81 and 86.
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39
Marcus Bach, The Inner Ecstasy (New York and Cleveland: World Publishing, 1969).
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44
William Faupel, The Everlasting Gospel: The Significance of Eschatology in the Development of Pentecostal Thought (Sheffield, UK: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996).
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47
Frank Macchia, “Jesus is Victor: The Eschatology of the Blumhardts with Implications for Pentecostal Eschatologies,” in Perspectives in Pentecostal Eschatologies: World without End, ed. Peter Althouse and Robby Waddell (Eugene, OR: Pickwick, 2010), 375-76.
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53
Michelle A. Clifton-Soderstrom, Angels, Worms, and Bogeys: The Christian Ethics of Pietism (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2010).
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57
Donald W. Dayton, “The Search for the Historical Evangelicalism: George Marsden’s History of Fuller Seminary as a Case Study,” Christian Scholar’s Review 23, no. 1 (1993): 12-33.
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Pietism and Pentecostalism: Spiritual Cousins or Competitors?
In: PneumaSearch for other papers by Roger E. Olson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
Scholars of Pentecostalism typically trace the movement’s roots to the Wesleyan-Holiness movement and the healing revivals of the nineteenth century. Often overlooked is the influence of Pietism on early Pentecostalism. Pietism began as a spiritual renewal movement among Lutherans in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Germany, but its ethos of unmediated spiritual experience of God filtered into the stream of European and North American evangelical Christianity. Outbreaks of speaking in tongues and other ecstatic experiences happened among Scandinavian Pietist immigrants in Chicago and the upper Midwest of North America several years before the birth of Pentecostalism in Topeka and at Azusa Street in the first decade of the twentieth century. Pietists and Pentecostals are spiritual cousins who can learn from each other.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1349 | 233 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 194 | 14 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 133 | 33 | 0 |