A Taste of Georgia. Far Right Populism with a Unique Georgian Flavour
In: PopulismSearch for other papers by Michael Cole in
Current site
Google Scholar
Abstract
Georgia has proved no exception to recent political trends, which have seen the increased prominence and influence of far right populist parties and movements purporting to represent ‘the people’ in an antagonistic struggle against the ‘elites’ or ‘enemies’. However, while considerable academic attention has been devoted to cases in Central and Western Europe (CWE), studies of Georgian far right populism are less common. This paper examines the political styles of two Georgian far right actors, the Alliance of Patriots of Georgia (APG) and Georgian March (GM). I argue that the populist discursive frames both employ demonstrate enough commonalities with their CWE counterparts to consider them members of the far right populist ‘family’. However, the prevalence of populist politics, highly influential role of ‘traditional values’ promoted by the Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC), and Russian influence, are three important factors which produce a uniquely Georgian ‘flavour’ to far right populist movements in Georgia.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Abashidze, Z. (2018) ‘The Georgian March Against Migrants and NATO’ Jam News, 2nd May, 2018. Accessed at: https://jam-news.net/?p=99992.
-
Adam, Z. and Bozoki, A. (2016) ‘The God of Hungarians’: Religion and Right-Wing Populism in Hungary’ Saving the People: How Populists Hijack Religion (2016): 143–144.
-
Agenda.ge (2019) ‘Leader of Alliance of Patriots Opposition Breaks into Tbilisi Int’l Conference, Sparks Unrest [VIDEO]’ Agenda.ge 10th September 2019. Accessed at: https://agenda.ge/en/news/2019/2411?fbclid=IwAR3TCK8MVrYAVMyieE-3tl2f851DSlCgRMjs-9rThz038EIxBwtHxBRmRLA.
-
Alliance of Patriots of Georgia (2020) ‘Our Party’ Official Website Accessed at: http://patriots.ge/about-temp/.
-
Alliance of Patriots of Georgia (2020) ‘Our Supporters’ Official Website Accessed at: http://patriots.ge/oursupporters.
-
Alliance of Patriots of Georgia (2020) ‘Our Vision and Program’ Official Website Accessed at: http://patriots.ge/our-vision-program/.
-
Almond, E. (2018) ‘How a Rainbow-Colored Armband Led to a Soccer Riot’ The Mercury News, August 29th 2018. Accessed at: https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/08/29/how-a-rainbow-colored-armband-led-to-a-soccer-riot/.
-
Aphrasidze, D. and Siroky, D. (2010) ‘Frozen Transitions and Unfrozen Conflicts, Or What Went Wrong in Georgia?’ Yale J. Int’l Aff. 5 (2010): 121.
-
Arcimavičienė, L. (2018) ‘Self and Other Metaphors as Facilitating Features of Populist Style in Diplomatic Discourse: A Case Study of Obama and Putin’s Speeches’ in Macaulay, M. (2018) (ed.) Populist Discourse: International Perspectives Toronto: Palgrave MacMillan.
-
Aslanidis, P. (2016a) ‘Is Populism an Ideology? A Refutation and a New Perspective’ Political Studies 2016, Vol. 64 (IS) 88–104.
-
Aslanidis, P. (2016b) ‘Populist Social Movements of the Great Recession’ Mobilization: An International Quarterly 21(3):301–321.
-
Babayan, N. (2016) ‘The Return of the Empire? Russia’s Counteraction to Transatlantic Democracy Promotion in its Near Abroad’ in Babayan, N. and Risse, T. (2016) (eds.) Democracy Promotion and the Challenges of Illiberal Regional Powers. Abingdon, New York: Routledge.
-
Baranec, T. (2018) ‘Rise of the Georgian Extreme-Right: Lessons from the EU’ STRATPOL Policy Paper: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Slovakia, 2018.
-
Bar-On, T. (2018) ‘The Radical Right and Nationalism’ in Rydgren, J. (2018) (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right: Oxford University Press, pp. 43–74.
-
Batiashvili, N. (2018) The Bivocal Nation: Memory and Identity on the Edge of Empire. Palgrave MacMillan.
-
BBC News Documentary (2018) ‘Georgia’s Rave Revolution’ 30th July 2018 Accessed at: https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-44999599/georgia-s-rave-revolution.
-
Benford, R. D. and Snow, D. A. (2000) ‘Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment’, Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 611–639.
-
Bradshaw, P. (2020) ‘And Then We Danced Review—Freewheeling Story of Secret Love’ The Guardian 12th March 2020. Accessed at: https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/mar/12/and-then-we-danced-review-levan-akin-georgia.
-
Breeze, R. (2011) ‘Critical Discourse Analysis and its Critics’ Pragmatics 21:4.493–525.
-
Breeze, R. (2018) ‘Representing the People: Claiming the Heartland in Scottish Election Manifestoes’ in Macaulay, M. (2018) (ed.) Populist Discourse: International Perspectives Toronto: Palgrave MacMillan.
-
Brown, T. (2016) ‘Sustainability as Empty Signifier: It’s Rise, Fall, and Radical Potential’ Antipode Vol. 48 No. 1 2016 ISSN.
-
Brubaker, R. (2017) ‘Why Populism?’ Published online in Theory and Society, October 26, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-017-9301-7.
-
Caiani, M., and Della Porta, D. (2011) ‘The Elitist Populism of the Extreme Right’ Acta Politica, 46, 180–202.
-
Carpentier, N. (2019) ‘About Dislocations and Invitations: Deepening the Conceptualization of the Discursive-Material Knot’ Discourse, Culture and Organization (pp. 155–178). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
-
Carroll, O. (2018) ‘Kremlin on Collision Course with Youth Over concert Bans and Censorship’ The Independent, 7th December 2018. Accessed at: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-concert-bans-music-censorship-putin-kremlin-security-services-concert-bans-and-censorship-put-kremlin-and-russian-youth-collision-course-a8671751.html.
-
Caucasus Barometer (2019) ‘Neighbour: Which of these People Would You Not Wish To Have As Your Neighbours Most?’ Caucasus Research Resource Center Accessed at: https://caucasusbarometer.org/en/cb2019ge/NEIGHBOR/.
-
Cederström, C. and Spicer, A. (2014) ‘Discourse of the Real Kind: A Post-foundational Approach to Organizational Discourse Analysis’ Organization, 21(2): 178–205.
-
Chryssogelos, A. (2018) ‘State Transformation and Populism: From the Internationalized to the Neo-sovereign State?’ Politics 1–16.
-
Civil.ge (2016) ‘Six Parliament Vice Speakers Elected’ Civil.ge 18th November 2016. Accessed at: https://civil.ge/archives/125939.
-
Civil.ge (2018) ‘Alliance of Patriots Holds Anti-UNM Rallies’ Civil.ge 26th November 2018. Accessed at: https://civil.ge/archives/267451.
-
Civil.ge (2019) ‘Alliance of Patriots Rallies: Land, Faith, Military Non-Alignment and Jobs’ Civil.ge 17th June 2019. Accessed at: https://civil.ge/archives/308806.
-
Crosby, A. (2017) ‘Top Georgian Footballer Faces Backlash over LGBT Armband’ Radio Free Europe, Radio Free Liberty, October 20th 2017. Accessed at: https://www.rferl.org/a/georgia-football-guram-kashia-lgbt-rainbow-homosexuality-discrimination/28806434.html.
-
Dalton, B. (2019) ‘And then We Danced’ Director Responds to Threat of Protests in Georgia’ Screen Daily 8th November 2019. Accessed at: https://www.screendaily.com/news/and-then-we-danced-director-responds-to-threat-of-protests-in-georgia/5144533.article.
-
Dangadze, M. (2019) ‘Tarkhan-Mouravi Accuses Turkey of Seizing Georgian Tomatoes and Potatoes’ Myth Detector 1st November 2019. Accessed at: https://www.mythdetector.ge/en/myth/tarkhan-mouravi-accuses-turkey-seizing-georgian-tomatoes-and-potatoes.
-
DeHanas, D. and Shterin, M. (2018) ‘Religion and the Rise of Populism’ Religion, State and Society 46:3, 177–185.
-
Democracy and Freedom Watch (2015) ‘Opposition Party Calls off Hunger Strike against Election Fraud’ Democracy and Freedom Watch November 25th 2015 Accessed at: https://dfwatch.net/georgian-opposition-party-calls-off-hunger-strike-39065.
-
Democracy and Freedom Watch (2018) ‘Far Right Group has Patrolled Tbilisi Streets for the Last Week’ Democracy and Freedom Watch March 6th 2018 Accessed at: https://dfwatch.net/far-right-group-patrolled-tbilisi-streets-last-week-50038.
-
Demytrie, R. (2019) ‘LGBT Rights: The Film About Gay Love Shaking Up Georgia’ BBCNews 23rd December 2019. Accessed at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50821544.
-
De Waal, T., Lipman, M., Gudkov, L. and Bakradze, L. (2013) ‘The Stalin Puzzle: Deciphering Post-Soviet Public Opinion’ Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
-
Dry, J. (2019) ‘LGBTQ Film ‘And Then We Danced’ Stokes Right Wing Protests in Home Country Georgia’ IndieWire November 5th 2019. Accessed at: https://www.indiewire.com/2019/11/gay-film-and-then-we-danced-protests-georgia-1202187372/.
-
Dumbadze, A. (2019) ‘Vasadze’s Supporters “Will Not Allow” Screening of ‘And Then We Danced’” Georgia Today 8th November 2019. Accessed at: http://georgiatoday.ge/news/18090/Vasadze%27s-Supporters-Say-their-Goal-is-not-to-Allow-Screening-of-%27And-Then-We-Danced%27.
-
Dumbadze, A. (2020) ‘Elections: Opposition Alleges Alliance of Patriots Will Be Funded by the Kremlin’ Georgia Today 26th August 2020. Accessed at: http://georgiatoday.ge/news/22182/Elections%3A-Opposition-Alleges-Alliance-of-Patriots-of-Georgia-to-be-Funded-by-Kremlin.
-
EU Neighbours Annual Survey Report (2017) Georgia 2nd Wave (Spring 2017) Open Neighbourhood — Communicating for a Stronger Partnership: Connecting with Citizens across the Eastern Neighbourhood.
-
Eurasia Daily (2018) ‘Burn Soros—Save the Country: Another Action of the Georgian March’ Eurasia Daily 23rd February 2018. Accessed at: https://eadaily.com/en/news/2018/02/23/burn-soros-save-the-country-another-action-of-the-georgian-march.
-
Fairclough, N. (1992) ‘Discourse and Social Change’ (Vol. 10). Cambridge: Polity press.
-
Fisher, J. and Shay, A. (2009) When Men Dance: Choreographing Masculinities Across Borders. Oxford University Press.
-
Fisher, J. (2014) ‘Why Ballet Men Do Not Stand on their Toes (But Georgian Men Do)’ The World of Music, new series, Vol. 3, No. 2, Music, Movement, and Masculinities (2014), pp. 59–77.
-
Forchtner, B. (2011) ‘Critique, the Discourse-Historical Approach and the Frankfurt School’ Critical Discourse Studies, 8:1, 1–14.
-
Freeden, M. (1998) ‘Is Nationalism a Distinct Ideology?’ Political Studies (1998), XLVI, 748–765.
-
Gamsakhurdia, Z. (1990) ‘The Spiritual Mission of Georgia.’ Lecture Delivered at the IDRIART Festival in the Tbilisi Philharmonic House, 2 May.
-
Gelashvili, T. (2019a) ‘Georgia’s Emerging Far Right’ C-REX: Centre for Research on Extremism Accessed at: https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/news-and-events/right-now/2019/georgia%E2%80%99s-emerging-far-right.html.
-
Gelashvili, T. (2019b) ‘Political Opportunities for the Extreme Right in Georgia’ Georgian Institute of Politics Policy Brief May 2019, Issue 20.
-
Giesen, B. and Seyfert, R. (2016) ‘Collective identities, Empty Signifiers and Solvable Secrets’ European Journal of Social Theory 2016, Vol. 19(1) 111–126.
-
Goffman, E. (1974) Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
-
Gotsiridze, M. (2018) “We do not want Guram Kashia to play with the shirt of Georgian national team” - one of the leaders of the Patriots Alliance’ Rustavi 2 Official Website, 29th August 2018: Accessed at: http://web1.rustavi2.ge/en/news/112246.
-
Gozalishvili, N. (2020) “Every Cloud Has its Silver Lining” How is the Far Right Deploying the Coronavirus Outbreak in Georgia? Georgian Institute of Politics Policy Memo Issue#35 April 2020.
-
Gray, C. (2019) ‘When a Film Shows Gay Romance in Georgia, Going to See it is a Risk The New York Times 6th December 2019. Accessed at: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/06/movies/and-then-we-danced-georgia-protests.html.
-
Hodge, R.I.V. and Kress, G.R. (1988) Social Semiotics. Cornell University Press.
-
Horvath, R. (2011) ‘Putin’s ‘Preventive Counter-revolution’: Post-Soviet Authoritarianism and the Spectre of Velvet Revolution’ Europe-Asia Studies, 63(1), 1–25.
-
Howarth, D. and Stavrakakis, Y. (2000) ‘Introducing Discourse Theory and Political Analysis’ (2000).
-
Human Rights Watch (2018) ‘No Support: Russia’s Gay Propaganda Law Imperils LGBT Youth’ Human Rights Watch, December 11th 2018. Accessed at: https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/12/11/no-support/russias-gay-propaganda-law-imperils-lgbt-youth.
-
Humphrey, M. (2013) ‘Green Ideology’, in Freeden, M., Sargent, L.T, and Stears, M. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 422–438.
-
Inglehart, R.F. and Norris, P. (2016) ‘Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic Have-nots and Cultural Backlash’ in Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Research Working Paper Series, RWP6-026, August.
-
Jgharkava, I. (2017) ‘Anti-migrant Rhetoric in Georgia: Do Far-right Groups Threaten Georgia’s Pro-European Discourse?’ Georgian Institute of Politics Issue#16 August 2017.
-
Jones, S. (2015) Georgia: A Political History Since Independence. IB Tauris.
-
Kallis, A. (2018) ‘The Radical Right and Islamophobia’ in Rydgren, J. (2018) (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right: Oxford University Press, pp. 76–101.
-
Karatnycky, A. (2018) ‘The Rise and Fall of Mikheil Saakashvili’ Politico 2nd February 2018. Accessed at: https://www.politico.eu/article/the-rise-and-fall-of-mikheil-saakashvili/.
-
Kekelia, T. (2014) ‘Building Georgian National Identity: A Comparison of Two Turning Points in History’ in Agadjanian, A., Jödicke, A, and Van der Zweerde, E. (2014) (Eds.) Religion, Nation and Democracy in the South Caucasus Routledge.
-
Kincha, S. (2018) ‘Labelling Georgia’s Far-Right ‘Pro-Russian’ is Reductionist and Counter-productive’ OC Media 13th August 2018. Accessed at: https://oc-media.org/opinion-labelling-georgias-far-right-pro-russian-is-reductionist-and-counterproductive/.
-
Kintsurashvili, T. (2019) ‘Anti-Western Propaganda Media Monitoring Report 2018’ Media Development Foundation, 2019.
-
Kucera, J. (2016) ‘Georgia: Disillusion With Establishment Fuels Rise of Populism’ Eurasianet 24th October 2016. Accessed at: https://eurasianet.org/georgia-disillusion-establishment-fuels-rise-populism.
-
Kvakhadze, A. (2018) ‘Security Review: Far-Right Groups in Georgia’ Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies Accessed at: https://www.gfsis.org/publications/view/2666.
-
Laclau, E. (1988) ‘Metaphor and Social Antagonisms’ In Nelson, C. and Grossberg, L. (Eds.), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture (pp. 249–257). Urbana: University of Illinois.
-
Laclau, E. (1996) ‘Why do Empty Signifiers Matter to Politics?’ Emancipation(s), 36, 46.
-
Laclau, E. (2005) On Populist Reason Verso: London, New York.
-
Laclau, E. and Mouffe, C. (2001) Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics, Second Edition London, New York: Verso.
-
Lebanidze, B. (2016) ‘Democracy Under Stress: Western Fatigue, Russian Resurgence, and their Implications for Democratic Processes in Georgia’ Georgian Institute of Politics, Policy Paper, February 2016.
-
Locke, T. (2004) Critical Discourse Analysis London, New York: Continuum.
-
Lomsadze, G. (2017a) ‘Georgia: Athletes, Politicians Back Soccer Player’s Support for LGBT Rights’ Eurasianet 3ed November 2017. Accessed at: https://eurasianet.org/georgia-athletes-politicians-back-soccer-players-support-for-lgbt-rights.
-
Lomsadze, G. (2017b) ‘Georgians March Against Muslim Immigrants’ Eurasianet 15th July 2017. Accessed at: https://eurasianet.org/georgians-march-against-muslim-immigrants.
-
Lomsadze, G. (2018) ‘Can a Reclining Georgian Nationalist Fake His Way to the Top?’ Eurasianet 23rd April, 2018. Accessed at: https://eurasianet.org/can-a-reclining-georgian-nationalist-fake-his-way-to-the-top.
-
Lomsadze, G. (2019) ‘Can Georgia’s Far Right Make It In Electoral Politics?’ Lobe Log, 19th April 2019. Accessed at: https://lobelog.com/can-georgias-far-right-make-it-in-electoral-politics/.
-
Makarychev, A. and Sazonov, V. (2019) ‘Populisms, Popular Geopolitics and the Politics of Belonging in Estonia’ European Politics and Society, 1–20.
-
Mchedlishvili, E. (2018) ‘В Грузии напали на журналистов за “оскорбление Христа”’ Настоящее Время 21st March 2018. Accessed at: https://www.currenttime.tv/a/29111760.html.
-
Mestvirishvili, M., Zurabishvili, T., Tamar Iakobidze, T., and Mestvirishvili, N. (2017) ‘Exploring Homophobia in Tbilisi, Georgia’ Journal of Homosexuality, 64:9.
-
Minesashvili, S. (2017) ‘The Orthodox Church in the Democratisation Process in Georgia: Hindrance or Support?’ Caucasus Analytical Digest 2017 6–9.
-
Moffitt, B. and Tormey, S. (2014) ‘Rethinking Populism: Politics, Mediatisation and Political Style’ Political Studies: 2014, Vol. 62 381–397.
-
Moffitt, B. (2016) The Global Rise of Populism: Performance, Political Style, and Representation. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
-
Morrison, T. (2018a) ‘Georgian Church Launches Annual March on Family Purity Day’ Georgia Today, 17th May 2018. Accessed at: http://georgiatoday.ge/news/10313/Georgian-Church-Launches-Annual-March-on-Family-Purity-Day.
-
Morrison, T. (2018b) ’Alliance of Patriots Holds Protest Rally against UNM’ Georgia Today 26th November 2018. Accessed at: http://georgiatoday.ge/news/13361/Alliance-of-Patriots-Holds-Protest-Rally-against-UNM.
-
Morrison, T. (2018c) ’Ultranationalist Georgian March Holds Anti-Soros Protest Rally’ Georgia Today 23rd February 2018. Accessed at: http://georgiatoday.ge/news/9232/Ultranationalist-Georgian-March-Holds-Anti-Soros-Protest-Rally.
-
Mudde, C. (2004) ‘The Populist Zeitgeist’ Government and Opposition 39(4), 541–563.
-
Mudde, C. (2014) ’The Far Right and the European Elections’ Current History, 113(761), 98–103.
-
Mudde, C. and Kaltwasser, C.R. (2017) Populism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
-
Müller, M. (2008) ‘Reconsidering the Concept of Discourse for the Field of Critical Geopolitics: Towards Discourse as Language and Practice’ Political Geography 27 (2008) 322–338.
-
Nodia, G. (2918) ‘Nativists Versus Global Liberalism in Georgia’ in Youngs, R. (2018) (Ed.) The Mobilization of Conservative Civil Society Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, pp. 45–50.
-
Odmalm, P. and Hepburn, E. (2018) ‘Mainstream Parties, the Populist Radical Right and the (alleged) Lack of Restrictive and Assimilationist Alternative’ in Odmalm, P., and Hepburn, E. (2018) (eds.) The European Mainstream and the Populist Radical Right, Taylor and Francis 2017.
-
Oravec, P. and Holland, E.C. (2019) ‘The Georgian Dream? Outcomes from the Summer of Protests 2018’ Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, Volume 27, Number 2, Spring 2019, pp. 249–256.
-
Pappas, T.S. (2016) ‘Are Populist Leaders “Charismatic”? The Evidence from Europe Constellations, 23(3), 378–390.
-
Payne, M. (2017) ‘Georgian Soccer Star Called on to Resign from National Team for Wearing Rainbow Captain’s Armband’ Washington Post, October 21st 2017. Accessed at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2017/10/21/georgian-soccer-star-called-on-to-resign-from-national-team-for-wearing-rainbow-captains-band/?utm_term=.642b15ed9e71.
-
Pertaia, L. (2017) ‘Who Was in and Who Was Out in Tbilisi’s Far-Right March of Georgians [Analysis]’ OC Media July 17th 2017: Accessed at: https://oc-media.org/who-was-in-and-who-was-out-in-tbilisis-far-right-march-of-georgians-analysis/.
-
Pushaw, C. (2019) ‘Don’t Underestimate the Threat of Georgia’s “Knight in Shining Armor”’ New Europe June 9th 2019. Accessed at: https://www.neweurope.eu/article/dont-underestimate-the-threat-of-georgias-knight-in-shining-armour/.
-
Roxborough, S. (2020) ‘And Then We Danced’ Wins Best Picture at Swedish Film Awards’ The Hollywood Reporter 21st January 2020, Accessed at: https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/we-danced-wins-best-picture-at-swedish-film-awards-1271611.
-
Saari, S. (2014) ‘Russia’s Post-Orange Revolution Strategies to Increase its Influence in Former Soviet Republics: Public Diplomacy po russkii’, Europe-Asia Studies, 66:1, 50–66.
-
Samkharadze, N. (2020) ‘Deconstructing Modern Georgian Populism: Narratives From Political Parties to Social Movements’ Georgian Institute of Politics Policy Memo February 2020, Issue 33.
-
Sawyer, R.K. (2002) ‘A Discourse on Discourse: An Archeological History of an Intellectual Concept’ Cultural Studies, 16:3, 433–456.
-
Sharafutdinova, G. (2014) ‘The Pussy Riot Afair and Putin’s Demarche From Sovereign Democracy to Sovereign Morality’ Nationalities Papers, 42:4, 615–621.
-
Shekhovtsov, A. (2009) ‘Alexander Dugin’s Neo-Eurasianism: The New Right à la Russe 1. Religion Compass, 3(4), 697–716.
-
Sikharulidze, A. (2019) ‘The Elite Supper’ Georgia Today 17th October 2019. Accessed at: http://georgiatoday.ge/news/17775/The-Elite-Supper.
-
Silagadze, G. (2020) “Who is (Not) Populist in Georgia? Making Sense of the Buzzword” Georgian Institute of Politics Policy Memo February 2020, Issue 34.
-
Stanley, B. (2008) ‘The Thin Ideology of Populism’ Journal of Political Ideologies, 13(1), pp. 95–110.
-
Stephan, A. (2018) ‘Defining the Far-Right in Georgia: From Neo-Fascists to Populist Parties’ Georgian Institute of Politics Policy Paper No. 5 Tbilisi, October 2018.
-
Tartaglione, N. (2019) ‘And Then We Danced’s Levan Akin Talks Swedish Oscar Entry and Georgian Controversy’ Deadline Accessed at: https://deadline.com/2019/11/levan-akin-interview-and-then-we-danced-protests-international-feature-film-oscar-1202785785/.
-
Transparency International Georgia (2018) ‘Anatomy of Georgian Neo-Nazism’ May 18, 2018 Accessed at: https://www.transparency.ge/en/blog/anatomy-georgian-neo-nazism.
-
Trump, D.J. (2016) ‘Full Video: Trump to “drain swamp” in DC’ CBS News Accessed at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjYu02Xn04w.
-
UEFA (2018) ‘Kashia proud of UEFA #EqualGame Award’ 30th August 2018, Accessed at: https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/social-responsibility/news/newsid=2568477.html.
-
Unknown Author (2013) BBC ‘Thousands Protest in Georgia Over Gay Rights Rally’ 17th May 2013, Accessed at https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-22571216.
-
Unknown Author (2018) ‘Georgian Footballer Guram Kashia Given UEFA #EqualGame Award for LGBT Support’ Farenet.com, 31st August 2018. Accessed at: https://farenet.org/lgbt-term-slug/georgian-footballer-guram-kashia-given-uefa-equalgame-award-for-lgbt-support/.
-
Unknown Author (2018) ‘Грузинский марш» требует от Кашия извинений за оскорбление «религиозных чувств’ Novosti-Gruzia, 9th September 2018. Accessed at: https://www.newsgeorgia.ge/gruzinskij-marsh-trebuet-ot-kashiya-izvinenij-za-oskorblenie-religioznyh-chuvstv/.
-
Unknown Author (2019) ‘Georgian Ne-Nazi Leader Sentenced to Three and a Half Years in Jail for Storing Weapons’ Democracy and Freedom Watch 25th May 2019. Accessed at: https://dfwatch.net/georgian-neo-nazi-sentenced-to-three-and-a-half-years-in-jail-for-storing-weapons-53382.
-
Unknown Author (2019) ‘Homophobic Protestors Attack Filmgoers at Georgian Film Premiere’ OC Media, 8th November 2019. Accessed at: https://oc-media.org/homophobic-protesters-attack-filmgoers-at-georgian-film-premiere/.
-
Unknown Author (2020) ‘Georgian March to Run in October Parliamentary Elections’ OC Media 26th May 2020. Accessed at: https://oc-media.org/georgian-march-to-run-in-october-parliamentary-elections/.
-
Unknown Author (2020) ‘Georgian March Turns Political Party: Pledges to Hold Convention in a Week’ Democracy and Freedom Watch 2nd June 2020. Accessed at: https://dfwatch.net/georgian-march-turns-political-party-pledges-to-hold-convention-in-a-week-54130.
-
Unknown Author (2020) ‘არანაირი პრიზი არ ერგოთ, მხოლოდ პროქტოლოგის კონსულტაცია შერჩათ’ No Prizes, Just a Proctology Examination’ პროგრესნიუსი Progress News 14th January, 2020 Accessed at: https://progressnews.press/aranairi-prizi-ar-ergoth-mkholod-proqtologis-konsultatsia-sherchath/.
-
Vasadze, L. (2019) ‘Address to President Donald J. Trump 16.06.2019’ მსოფლიო საოჯახო კონგრესი X / WCF X (World Congress of Families) Speech. Accessed at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w19DbDAiFbA.
-
Wales, O. (2017) ‘Georgian Far-Right Nationalism and the Russian Factor’ Accessed at: http://regional-dialogue.com/en/georgian-far-right-nationalism-and-the-russian-factor/.
-
Weiss, G., and R. Wodak (2002) ‘Introduction: Theory, Interdisciplinarity and Critical Discourse Analysis’ in Weiss, G. and Wodak, R. (eds.), Critical Discourse Analysis: Theory and Interdisciplinarity. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1–32.
-
Williams, M.H. (2018) ‘The Political Impact of the Radical Right’ in Rydgren, J. (2018) (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right Oxford University Press, pp 440–467
-
Wodak, R., and Fairclough, N. (1997) ‘Discourse as Social Interaction’ Discourse Studies. A Multidisciplinary Introduction II.
-
Zedania, G. (2011) ‘The Rise of Religious Nationalism in Georgia’ Identity Studies in the Caucasus and the Black Sea Region, 3.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1371 | 298 | 43 |
| Full Text Views | 65 | 14 | 2 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 131 | 41 | 5 |
A Taste of Georgia. Far Right Populism with a Unique Georgian Flavour
In: PopulismSearch for other papers by Michael Cole in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
Georgia has proved no exception to recent political trends, which have seen the increased prominence and influence of far right populist parties and movements purporting to represent ‘the people’ in an antagonistic struggle against the ‘elites’ or ‘enemies’. However, while considerable academic attention has been devoted to cases in Central and Western Europe (CWE), studies of Georgian far right populism are less common. This paper examines the political styles of two Georgian far right actors, the Alliance of Patriots of Georgia (APG) and Georgian March (GM). I argue that the populist discursive frames both employ demonstrate enough commonalities with their CWE counterparts to consider them members of the far right populist ‘family’. However, the prevalence of populist politics, highly influential role of ‘traditional values’ promoted by the Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC), and Russian influence, are three important factors which produce a uniquely Georgian ‘flavour’ to far right populist movements in Georgia.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1371 | 298 | 43 |
| Full Text Views | 65 | 14 | 2 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 131 | 41 | 5 |