An Interpretative View of the Origin of the Early Chinese Revolution from the Perspective of Secret Societies: Retrospect and Reflections from the History of Social Thought, Part II
早期中国革命起源的秘密结社阐释—— 一个社会思想史的回顾与反思（之二）
Abstract
The development of the Chinese revolutionary movement in the early twentieth century absorbed cultural resources from traditional secret societies and associations. The White Lotus, the Tiandihui, the Gelaohui, the Triad, and the various secret societies that had emerged in the Taiping and the Boxer rebellions were all incorporated into the discourse system of revolutionary history. The secret societies’ slogans of “overthrow the Qing and restore the Ming” and “rob the rich to help the poor” merged with the revolutionaries’ platform of “drive out the Manchus” and “relief for people’s livelihood,” and finally advanced the success of the Xinhai Revolution and was turned into a coherent historical narrative. After the founding of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen and Song Jiaoren carefully assessed the function of secret societies and distinguished them from modern political parties. On the other hand, leaders of the Communist Party, such as Mao Zedong, Qu Qiubai, Yun Daiying, and Chen Duxiu, emphasized the ideological transformation of secret societies and the suitable role they could play in the revolution, thus showing a dynamic strategy of allying with these organizations. The history of the relationship between the Chinese revolution and secret societies reflects the changing characteristics and logic of the underclass of Chinese society.
摘要
20世纪前期中国革命运动的发展，吸收了传统秘密会党与江湖结社的文化资源。渊源自不同时期与地域的白莲教、天地会、哥老会、三合会、太平天国革命、义和团及帮会力量，被纳入国民革命史的叙述系统之内。秘密结社的反清复明、劫富济贫口号与革命党的驱除鞑虏、 救济民生纲领，最终合流并助力了辛亥革命的成功，建立起具有连贯性的历史书写。民国建立之后，孙中山、宋教仁等人审慎评估了民间会党的作用，区分了秘密会党与现代政党之间的关系。相比而言，中共领导人如毛泽东、瞿秋白、恽代英、陈独秀等人，更为看重对于秘密会社的思想改造与合理运用，呈现出动态的联合策略与组织形式。中国革命和秘密结社之间的关系史，侧面反映出下层社会变迁的底色与逻辑。
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| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 236 | 236 | 51 |
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An Interpretative View of the Origin of the Early Chinese Revolution from the Perspective of Secret Societies: Retrospect and Reflections from the History of Social Thought, Part II
早期中国革命起源的秘密结社阐释—— 一个社会思想史的回顾与反思（之二）
Abstract
The development of the Chinese revolutionary movement in the early twentieth century absorbed cultural resources from traditional secret societies and associations. The White Lotus, the Tiandihui, the Gelaohui, the Triad, and the various secret societies that had emerged in the Taiping and the Boxer rebellions were all incorporated into the discourse system of revolutionary history. The secret societies’ slogans of “overthrow the Qing and restore the Ming” and “rob the rich to help the poor” merged with the revolutionaries’ platform of “drive out the Manchus” and “relief for people’s livelihood,” and finally advanced the success of the Xinhai Revolution and was turned into a coherent historical narrative. After the founding of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen and Song Jiaoren carefully assessed the function of secret societies and distinguished them from modern political parties. On the other hand, leaders of the Communist Party, such as Mao Zedong, Qu Qiubai, Yun Daiying, and Chen Duxiu, emphasized the ideological transformation of secret societies and the suitable role they could play in the revolution, thus showing a dynamic strategy of allying with these organizations. The history of the relationship between the Chinese revolution and secret societies reflects the changing characteristics and logic of the underclass of Chinese society.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 236 | 236 | 51 |
| Full Text Views | 11 | 11 | 1 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 27 | 27 | 3 |