A Study on the Different Values Assigned to Bulls and Cows under the Structure of Male and Female Workpoints in Collectivist China: The Practice of Lingqian Village in Shandong Province
集体化时期男女劳力工分结构映衬下的公牛母牛不同赋值研究——以中国山东省临沂市岭前村为例
Abstract
During the collectivization period, the price of the bull was higher than the price of the cow on the fixed asset registration form in Lingqian Village, Linyi City, Shandong Province. The workpoints of male labor were also higher than those for female labor. Therefore, there was a gender difference that applied to both cattle and humans, but the former was not simply the social projection and cultural metaphor of the latter; rather they shared the same natural difference in terms of economic value in that given system. Namely, the values of humans and cattle depended entirely on their contribution to agricultural labor, not on gender discrimination. The reason for this phenomenon is that the ecological environment and living conditions shaped people’s psychology, which then determined the internal classification structure of gender in humans as well as animals. The classification attitude of the values of humans and animals was thus a result of adaptation to the natural environment and living conditions, and, as such, was a collective survival strategy, but it was also the product of a particular economic system. This phenomenon resulted from the fact that the privately owned land of individual families had been collectivized, revealing some characteristics of the cattle-raising mode under the collective economic system. The case of Lingqian Village in Shandong Province contributes to world anthropology by illustrating one particular system of social livelihood, with cattle as the reference point.
摘要
集体化时期，山东省临沂市岭前村固定资产登记表上的公牛价格高于母牛，而工分簿上男性劳力的工分高于女性劳力的工分，二者构成性别对应关系，但前者并非后者的投射和文化隐喻，实际上二者有着共同的生态经济解释机理，即完全是根据人畜性别在农业劳动中所发挥的价值而赋值或给定工分，不能归因于性别歧视。造成此种现象的原因在于: 岭前的生态环境和生计条件塑造了人们的心理，这种心理决定了人畜各自性别内部的分类结构。人畜赋值的分类对待态度是适应自然环境和生计条件的结果，是一种集体生存策略，但又是特定经济制度下的产物。它是家户的土地集中起来以后发生的现象，揭示了全球共产主义集体经济制度下养牛或蓄牛模式的某些特征。在以牛为参考点的社会生计模式研究中，山东岭前村案例具有世界人类学的类型学价值。
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A Study on the Different Values Assigned to Bulls and Cows under the Structure of Male and Female Workpoints in Collectivist China: The Practice of Lingqian Village in Shandong Province
集体化时期男女劳力工分结构映衬下的公牛母牛不同赋值研究——以中国山东省临沂市岭前村为例
Abstract
During the collectivization period, the price of the bull was higher than the price of the cow on the fixed asset registration form in Lingqian Village, Linyi City, Shandong Province. The workpoints of male labor were also higher than those for female labor. Therefore, there was a gender difference that applied to both cattle and humans, but the former was not simply the social projection and cultural metaphor of the latter; rather they shared the same natural difference in terms of economic value in that given system. Namely, the values of humans and cattle depended entirely on their contribution to agricultural labor, not on gender discrimination. The reason for this phenomenon is that the ecological environment and living conditions shaped people’s psychology, which then determined the internal classification structure of gender in humans as well as animals. The classification attitude of the values of humans and animals was thus a result of adaptation to the natural environment and living conditions, and, as such, was a collective survival strategy, but it was also the product of a particular economic system. This phenomenon resulted from the fact that the privately owned land of individual families had been collectivized, revealing some characteristics of the cattle-raising mode under the collective economic system. The case of Lingqian Village in Shandong Province contributes to world anthropology by illustrating one particular system of social livelihood, with cattle as the reference point.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 169 | 169 | 3 |
| Full Text Views | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 7 | 7 | 0 |