Most characters in the Bible are men, yet they are hardly analysed as such. Masculinity and the Bible provides the first comprehensive survey of approaches that remedy this situation. These are studies that utilize insights from the field of masculinity studies to further biblical studies. The volume offers a representative overview of both fields and presents a new exegesis of a well-known biblical text (Mark 6) to show how this approach leads to new insights.
By presenting the field of masculinity studies, the volume performs a service for those working in biblical studies and related disciplines, but do not have explored this approach yet. At the same time, the volume shows, by surveying the past two decades of publications in the field, what results have been achieved so far and where open questions remain. In the exegesis of Mark 6, it becomes clear that one of these challenges, the often very specific and intersectional character of masculinity, can be addressed successfully when consciously combining approaches such as narrative and ritual analyses.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Ackerman Susan , When Heroes Love: The Ambiguity of Eros in the Stories of Gilgamesh and David , (Columbia University Press, New York 2005 ).
Rachel Adams & David Savran (eds), The Masculinity Studies Reader , (Blackwell, Malden 2002 ).
James K. Aitken, Jeremy M. S. Clines & Christl M. Maier (eds), Interested Readers: Essays on the Hebrew Bible in Honor of David J. A. Clines , (Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2013 ).
Felix Albrecht & Reinhard Feldmeier (eds), The Divine Father: Religious and Philosophical Concepts of Divine Parenthood in Antiquity , (Brill, Leiden 2014 ).
Alexander Bryant Keith , Performing Black Masculinity: Race, Culture, and Queer Identity , (Altamira, Lanham 2006 ).
Althaus-Reid Marcella , Indecent Theology: Theological Perversions in Sex, Gender and Politics , (Routledge, New York 2000 ).
Althaus-Reid Marcella , The Queer God , (Routledge, New York 2003 ).
Anderson Elijah Anderson , Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City , (Norton, New York 1999 ).
Anderson Eric Anderson , In the Game: Gay Athletes and the Cult of Masculinity , (SUNY Press, Albany 2005 ).
Anderson Eric Anderson , '‘“I used to Think Women Were Weak”: Orthodox Masculinity, Gender Segregation, and Sport’ ' (2008 ) 23 Sociological Forum : 257 -280.
Anderson Janice Capel & Moore Stephen D. , '‘Taking it like a Man: Masculinity in 4 Maccabees’ ' (1998 ) 117 jbl : 249 -273.
Janice Capel Anderson & Stephen D. Moore (eds), New Testament Masculinities , (Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2003 ).
John H. Arnold & Sean Brady (eds), What is Masculinity? Historical Dynamics from Antiquity to the Contemporary World , (Palgrave Macmillan, New York 2011 ).
Asikainen Susanna , '‘“Eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven”: Matthew and Subordinated Masculinities’ ' (2014 ) Creangă and Smit 2014 : 156 -188.
Asikainen Susanna Jesus and Other Men: Ideal Masculinities in the Synoptic Gospels 2016 Th.D. thesis, University of Helsinki
Aspegren Kerstin , The Male Woman: A Feminine Ideal in the Early Church , (Almquist & Wiksell, Stockholm 1990 ).
Ulrike Auga, Sigriður Guðmarsdóttir, Stefanie Knauss & Silvia Martínez Cano (eds), Resistance and Visions: Postcolonial, Post-Secular and Queer Contributions to Theology and the Study of Religions , (Peeters, Leuven 2014 ).
Baglia Jay , The Viagra Ad Venture: Masculinity, Media, and the Performance of Sexual Health , (Peter Lang, New York 2005 ).
Ball Anna , Palestinian Literature and Film in Postcolonial Feminist Perspective , (Routledge, New York 2013 ).
Barker Gary T. , Dying to be Men: Youth, Masculinity and Social Exclusion , (Routledge, New York 2005 ).
Baron Akesha , '‘“The Man is the Head”: Evangelical Discourse and the Construction of Masculinities in a Tzotzil Village’ ', in James S. Bielo (ed), The Social Life of the Scriptures: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Biblicism , (Rutgers University Press , New Brunswick 2009 ) 44 -63.
Baten Alicia , '‘The Letter of Jude and Graeco-Roman Invective’ ' (2014 ) 70 hts Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 9 pages. doi: 10.4102/hts.v70i1.2750.
Baumann Gerlinde , '‘Die “Männlichkeit” jhwhs. Ein Neuansatz im Deutungsrahmen altorientalischer Gottesvorstellungen’ ' (2004 ) Janssen, Crüsemann, Crüsemann, Kessler and Wehn 2004 : 197 -213.
Belkin Aaron , Bring Me Men: Military Masculinity and the Benign Facade of American Empire, 1898–2001 , (Columbia University Press, New York 2012 ).
Bennasser Khalifa Gender and Society in Early Byzantine Monasticism: A Study of the Phenomenon of Female Ascetics in Male Monastic Habit with Translation of the Life of St. Matrona 1984 Ph.D. dissertation, Rutgers University
Maurice Berger, Brian Wallis & Simon Watson (eds), Constructing Masculinity , (Routledge, New York 1995 ).
Bergmann Claudia , '‘“Like a Warrior” and “Like a Woman Giving Birth”: Expressing Divine Immanence and Transcendence in Isaiah 42:10–17’ ' (2010 ) Kamionkowski and Kim 2010 : 38 -56.
Bernabé Carmen , '‘Of Eunuchs and Predators: Matthew 19:1–12 in a Cultural Context’ ' (2003 ) 33 btb : 128 -134.
Bhabha Homi K. , '‘Postcolonial Criticism’ ', in Stephen Greenblatt & Giles Gunn (eds), Redrawing the Boundaries: The Transformation of English and American Literary Studies , (MLA , New York 1992 ) 437 -465.
Bingemer Maria Clara , '‘Masculinity, Femininity, and the Christ’ ', in Andrés Torres, Lisa Sowle Cahill, Maria Clara Lucchetti Bingemer & Erik Borgman (eds), Jesus as Christ: What is at Stake in Christology? , (SCM , London 2008 ) 73 -83.
Boer Roland , '‘Yhwh as Top: A Lost Targum’ ' (2001 ) Stone 2001a : 76 -105.
Boer Roland , '‘Too Many Dicks at the Writing Desk, Or, How to Organize a Prophetic Sausage-Fest’ ' (2010 ) 16 Theology & Sexuality : 95 -108.
Boer Roland , '‘The Patriarch’s Nuts: Concerning the Testicular Logic of Biblical Hebrew’ ' (2011 ) 5 Journal of Men, Masculinities and Spirituality : 41 -52.
Boer Roland , '‘Spermatic Spluttering Pens: Concerning the Construction and Breakdown of Prophetic Masculinity’ ' (2013 ) Stökl and Carvalho : 215 -235.
Boheemen-Saaf Christine van & Lamos Colleen , Masculinities in Joyce: Postcolonial Constructions , (Rodopi, Amsterdam 2001 ).
Bourdieu Pierre Nice Richard , Masculine Domination , (Stanford University Press , Stanford 2001 ) [French original, 1998].
Boyarin Daniel , Carnal Israel: Reading Sex in Talmudic Culture , (University of California Press, Berkeley 1993 ).
Boyarin Daniel , Unheroic Conduct: The Rise of Heterosexuality and the Invention of the Jewish Man , (University of California Press, Berkeley 1997 ).
Boyd Stephen B. , '‘Trajectories in Men’s Studies in Religion: Theories, Methodologies, and Issues’ ' (1999 ) 7 Journal of Men’s Studies : 265 -268.
Stephen Blake Boyd, W. Merle Longwood & Mark William Muesse (eds), Redeeming Men: Religion and Masculinities , (Westminster John Knox, Louisville 1996 ).
Bradley Keith R. , Slaves and Masters in the Roman Empire. A Study in Social Control , (Latomus, Brussels 1984 ).
Athalya Brenner (ed), Feminist Companion to the Bible , (Bloomsbury , New York 1993 ) 2 series, 22 vols..
Brettler Marc Zvi , '‘“Happy is the Man Who Fills His Quiver With Them” (Ps. 127:5): Constructions of Masculinities in the Psalms’ ' (2016 ) Zsolnay 2016 : 198 -220.
Bridges Tristan S. , '‘Gender Capital and Male Bodybuilders’ ' (2009 ) 15 Body & Society : 83 -107.
Bridges Tristan S. , '‘Men Just Weren’t Made To do This: Performance of Drag at “Walk a Mile in Her Shoes” Marches’ ' (2010 ) 24 Gender & Society : 5 -30.
Brittan Arthur , Masculinity and Power , (Blackwell, New York 1989 ).
Brod Harry , '‘The Construction of the Construction of Masculinities’ ', in Stephen Horlacher (ed), Constructions of Masculinity in British Literature from the Middle Ages to the Present , (Palgrave MacMillan , New York 2011 ) 19 -32.
Harry Brod & Michael Kaufman (eds), Theorizing Masculinities , (Sage, London 1994 ).
Brown Peter , The Body and Society: Men, Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity , (University of Columbia Press, New York 1988 ).
Buch-Hansen Gitte , '‘Lars von Trier’s Antichrist: The Bible and the Docetic Masculinity’ ' (2011 ) 1 Relegere: Studies in Religion and Reception : 115 -144.
Burke Sean D. , '‘Queering Early Christian Discourse: The Ethiopian Eunuch’ ' (2011 ) Stone and Hornsby 2011 : 175 -189.
Burrus Virginia , ‘Begotten, Not Made’: Conceiving Manhood in Late Antiquity , (Stanford University University, Stanford 2000 ).
Burrus Virginia , '‘Life after death: The Martyrdom of Gorgonia and the Birth of Female Hagiography’ ', in J. Børtnes & T. Hägg (eds), Gregory of Nazianzus: Images and Reflections , (Museum Tusculanum , Copenhagen 2006 ) 153 -170.
Burrus Virginia , '‘Queer Father: Gregory of Nyssa and the Subversion of Identity’ ' (2007 ) Loughlin 2007 : 147 -162.
Buss David M. , '‘Psychological Sex Differences: Origins through Sexual Selection’ ' (1995 ) 50 American Psychologist : 164 -168.
Butler Judith , Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity , (Routledge, New York 1990 ).
Butler Judith , Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of ‘Sex’ , (Routledge, New York 1993 ).
Butler Judith , Undoing Gender , (Routledge, New York 2004 ).
Buttigieg Emanuel , Nobility, Faith and Masculinity: The Hospitaller Knights of Malta, c.1580–c.1700 , (Continuum, London 2011 ).
Carlin Nathan , '‘God’s Gender Confusion: Some Polymorphously Perverse Pastoral Theology’ ' (2010 ) 59 Pastoral Psychology : 109 -124.
Carmichael Sarah Marriage, Family and Gender Inequality: An Historical Exploration of the Relationship between Family Systems, the Position of Women and Development 2016 Ph.D. thesis, Utrecht University
Carrigan Timothy, Connell Bob & Lee John , '‘Toward a New Sociology of Masculinity’ ' (1985 ) 14 Theory and Society : 551 -604.
Carter Warren , '‘Cross-Gendered Romans and Mark’s Jesus: Legion Enters the Pigs (Mark 5:1–20)’ ' (2015 ) 134 jbl : 139 -155.
Cason Thomas S. , '‘Confessions of an Impotent Potentate: Reading Daniel 4 Through the Lens of Ritual Punishment Theory’ ' (2014 ) 39 jsot : 79 -100.
Cason Thomas S. , '‘Textual Cialis: Four Narratival Strategies for Repairing Disabled Masculinity in the Second Temple Tradition’ ' (2015a ) 23 BibInt : 601 -623.
Cason Thomas S. , '‘Creature Features: Monstrosity and the Construction of Human Identity in the Testament of Solomon’ ' (2015b ) 77 cbq : 263 -279.
Casper Monica & Moore Lisa Jean , '‘It Takes Balls: Lance Armstrong and the Triumph of American Masculinity’ ', in Missing Bodies: The Politics of Visibility , (New York University Press , New York 2009 ) 157 -176.
Chapman Cynthia R. , The Gendered Language of Warfare in the Israelite-Assyrian Encounter , (Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake 2004 ).
Cheney Charise , '‘Representin’ God: Masculinity and the Use of the Bible in Rap Music’ ', in Vincent L. Wimbush (ed), African Americans and the Bible: Sacred Texts and Social Textures , (Continuum , London 2000 ) 804 -819.
Cheng Patrick S. , Radical Love: An Introduction to Queer Theology , (Seabury, New York 2011 ).
Chitando Ezra & Biri Kudzai , '‘“Faithful Men of a Faithful God”? Masculinities in the Zimbabwe Assemblies of God Africa’ ' (2013 ) 42 Exchange : 34 -50.
Anna Clark (ed), The History of Sexuality in Europe: A Sourcebook and Reader , (Routledge, New York 2011 ).
Clatterbaugh Kenneth , Contemporary Perspectives on Masculinity: Men, Women, and Politics in Modern Society , (Westview, Boulder 1990 ).
Clines David J. A. , '‘David the Man: The Construction of Masculinity in the Hebrew Bible’ ', in Interested Parties: The Ideology of Writers and Readers of the Hebrew Bible , (Sheffield Academic , Sheffield 1995 ) 212 -241.
Clines David J. A. , '‘Ecce vir, or, Gendering the Son of Man’ ', in J. Cheryl Exum & Stephen D. Moore (eds), Biblical Studies/Cultural Studies , (Sheffield Academic , Sheffield 1998 ) 352 -375.
Clines David J. A. , '‘He-Prophets: Masculinity as a Problem for the Hebrew Prophets and Their Interpreters’ ', in Alastair G. Hunter & Philip R. Davies (eds), Sense and Sensibility: Essays on Reading the Bible in Memory of Robert Carroll , (Sheffield Academic , Sheffield 2002 ) 311 -328.
Clines David J. A. , '‘Being a Man in the Book of the Covenant’ ', in J. G. McConville & Karl Möller (eds), Reading the Law: Studies in Honor of Gordon J. Wenham , (T & T Clark , London 2007 ) 3 -9.
Clines David J. A. , '‘Final Reflections on Biblical Masculinity’ ' (2010 ) Creangǎ 2010a : 240 -255.
Cloke Gillian , ‘This Female Man of God’: Women and Spiritual Power in the Patristic Age, AD 350–450 , (Routledge, New York 1995 ).
Coakley Sarah , God, Sexuality, and the Self , (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013 ).
Cobb L. Stephanie , Dying to Be Men: Gender and Language in Early Christian Martyr Texts , (Columbia University Press, New York 2008 ).
Cobb L. Stephanie , '‘Masculinity and Femininity: Early Church’ ' (2014 ) O’Brien 2014 : 534 -540.
Collins Paul M. , '‘Constructing Masculinity: De Utero Patris (from the Womb of the Father)’ ' (2010 ) 4 Journal of Men, Masculinities and Spirituality : 82 -96.
Coltrane Scott & Adams Michele , Gender and Families , (Rowman & Littlefield, New York 2008 ).
Connell R. W. , Gender and Power: Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics , (Stanford University Press, Stanford 1987 ).
Connell R. W. , '‘A Very Straight Gay: Masculinity, Homosexual Experience, and the Dynamics of Gender’ ' (1992 ) 57 American Sociological Review : 735 -751.
Connell R. W. , '‘Teaching the Boys: New Research on Masculinity, and Gender Strategies for Schools’ ' (1996 ) 98 Teacher’s College Record : 207 -235.
Connell R. W. , '‘Masculinities and Globalization’ ' (1998 ) 1 Men and Masculinities : 3 -23.
Connell R. W. , Masculinities , (University of California Press, Berkeley 2005a ).
Connell R. W. , '‘Globalization, Imperialism, and Masculinities’ ' (2005b ) Kimmel, Hearn and Connell 2005 : 71 -89.
Connell R. W. & Messerschmidt James , '‘Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept’ ' (2005 ) 19 Gender & Society : 829 -859.
Conway Colleen M. , Men and Women in the Fourth Gospel: Gender and Johannine Characterization , (Scholars, Atlanta 1999 ).
Conway Colleen M. , '‘Gender and divine relativity in Philo of Alexandria’ ' (2003a ) 34 Journal For The Study Of Judaism In The Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period : 471 -491.
Conway Colleen M. , '‘“Behold the Man!” Masculine Christology and the Fourth Gospel’ ' (2003b ) Anderson and Moore 2003 : 163 -180.
Conway Colleen M. , Behold the Man! Jesus and Greco-Roman Masculinity , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008 ).
Conway Colleen M. , '‘Was Jesus a Manly Man? On Reading Masculinity in the New Testament’ ' (2016 ) 36 Word & World : 15 -23.
Steve Craig (ed), Men, Masculinity, and the Media , (Sage, Newbury Park 1992 ).
Ovidiu Creangǎ (ed), Men and Masculinity in the Hebrew Bible and Beyond , (Sheffield Phoenix, Sheffield 2010a ).
'‘Variations on the Theme of Masculinity: Joshua’s Gender In/Stability in the Conquest Narrative (Josh. 1–12)’ ' (2010b ) Creangǎ 2010a : 83 -109.
'‘Introduction’ ' (2014 ) Creangǎ and Smit 2014 : 3 -14.
Ovidiu Creangǎ & Peter-Ben Smit (eds), Biblical Masculinities Foregrounded , (Sheffield Phoenix, Sheffield 2014 ).
'Making Men: The Reception of Biblical Texts in the Construction of Masculinities in Christian and Jewish Con/Texts [Special Issue] ' (2015 ) 2 (2) Journal of Biblical Reception .
Crenshaw James L. , '‘It’s All About a Missing Rib: Human Sexuality in the Bible’ ' (2010 ) 37 Perspectives in Religious Studies : 267 -282.
Culbertson Philip , '‘Bobbitizing God: On the Importance of the Divine Genitals Remaining Unmanageable’ ' (2009 ) 5 The Bible & Critical Theory : 1 -14.
P. H. Cullum & Katherine J. Lewis (eds), Holiness and Masculinity in the Middle Ages , (University of Toronto Press, Toronto 2004 ).
D’Angelo Mary Rose , '‘The ANHER Question in Luke-Acts: Imperial Masculinity and the Deployment of Women in the Early Second Century’ ', in Amy-Jill Levine (ed), A Feminist Companion to Luke , (Sheffield Academic , Sheffield 2002 ) 44 -72.
D’Arms John , '‘The Roman Convivium and the Idea of Equality’ ', in Oswyn Murray (ed), Sympotica. A Symposium on the Symposion , (Clarendon , Oxford 1990 ) 308 -320 1990.
Ingolf U. Dalferth & Jens Schröter (eds), Bibel in gerechter Sprache? Kritik eines misslungenen Versuchs , (Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2007 ).
Daly Mary , Beyond God the Father: Towards a Philosophy of Women’s Liberation , (Beacon, Boston 1973 ).
Darling Young Robin , '‘The “Woman with the Soul of Abraham”: Traditions about the Mother of the Maccabean Martyrs’ ', in Amy-Jill Levine (ed), ‘Women Like This’: New Perspectives on Jewish Women in the Greco-Roman World , (Scholars , Atlanta 1991 ) 67 -81.
Davis Stephen J. , '‘Crossed Texts, Crossed Sex: Intertextuality and Gender in Early Christian Legends of Holy Women Disguised as Men’ ' (2002 ) 10 Journal of Early Christian Studies : 1 -36.
Lucy Delap & Sue Morgan (eds), Men, Masculinities and Religious Change in Twentieth-Century Britain , (Palgrave MacMillan, London 2013 ).
Demetriou Demetrakis Z. , '‘Connell’s Concept of Hegemonic Masculinity: A Critique’ ' (2001 ) 30 Theory and Society : 337 -361.
Derks Marco , '‘“If I Be Shaven, Then My Strength Will Go from Me”: A Queer Reading of the Samson Narrative’ ' (2015 ) 23 BibInt : 553 -573.
Dorothea E. Dette-Hagenmeyer, Andrea B. Erzinger & Barbara Reichle (eds), Fathers in Families: The Changing Role of the Father in the Family , (Routledge, London 2015 ).
Tom Digby (ed), Men Doing Feminism , (Routledge, New York 1998 ).
DiPalma Brian C. , '‘De/Constructing Masculinity in Exodus 1–4’ ' (2010 ) Creangǎ 2010a : 36 -53.
Donaldson Mike , '‘What is Hegemonic Masculinity?’ ' (1993 ) 22 Theory and Society : 643 -657.
Dowd Nancy E. , The Man Question: Male Subordination and Privilege , (New York University Press, New York 2010 ).
Driessen Henk & Jansen Willy , '‘Staging Hyper-masculinity on Maundy Thursday: Christ of the Good Death, the Legion and Changing Gender Practices in Spain’ ' (2013 ) 42 Exchange : 86 -106.
Duneier Mitchell , Slim’s Table: Race, Respectability, and Masculinity , (University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1992 ).
Dunning Benjamin H. , Specters of Paul: Sexual Difference in Early Christian Thought , (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 2011 ).
Ebner Martin , '‘Die Etablierung einer “anderen” Tafelrunde: Der “Einsetzungsbericht” in Mk 14, 22–24 mit Markus gegen den Strich gelesen’ ', in Martin Ebner & Bernhard Heininger (eds), Paradigmen auf dem Prüfstand. Exegese wider den Strich , (Münster: Aschendorff , 2004 ) 17 -45.
Edwards Tim , Cultures of Masculinity , (Routledge, London 2006 ).
Ehrenreich Barbara , The Hearts of Men: American Dreams and the Flight from Commitment , (Anchor, Garden City 1983 ).
Eilberg-Schwartz Howard , God’s Phallus and Other Problems for Men and Monotheism , (Beacon, Boston 1994 ).
Ute E. Eisen, Christine Gerber & Angelika Standhartinger (eds), Doing Gender—Doing Religion: Fallstudien zur Intersektionalität im frühen Judentum, Christentum und Islam , (Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2013 ).
Epprecht Marc , '‘The “Unsaying” of Indigenous Homosexualities in Zimbabwe: Mapping a Blindspot in an African Masculinity’ ' (1998 ) 24 Journal of Southern African Studies : 631 -652.
Fabella Virginia , '‘Christology from an Asian Woman’s Perspective’ ', in R. S. Sugirtharajah (ed), Asian Faces of Jesus , (Orbis , Maryknoll 1993 ) 211 -222.
Fanon Frantz Markmann Charles Lam , Black Skin, White Masks , (Grove , New York 1967 ) [French original, 1952].
Joshua R. Farris & Charles Taliaferro (eds), The Routledge Companion to Theological Anthropology , (Routledge, New York 2016 ).
Fausto-Sterling Anne , Myths of Gender: Biological Theories about Women and Men , (Basic, New York 1992 ).
Fenstermaker Berk Sarah , The Gender Factory: The Apportionment of Work in American Households , (Plenum, New York 1985 ).
Fischer Susan , '‘Imperial Cult: Engendering the Cosmos’ ' (1998 ) Foxhall and Salmon 1998b : 165 -183.
'LGBT History, Literature and Queer Theology [Virtual Special Issue] ' (2016 ) Literature and Theology Accessible at http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/litthe/lgbt-history-month.html.
Flessen Bonnie J. , An Exemplary Man: Cornelius and Characterization in Acts 10 , (Pickwick, Eugene 2011 ).
Fogel Curtis , '‘Sporting Masculinity on the Gridiron: Construction, Characteristics and Consequences’ ' (2011 ) 7 Canadian Social Science : 1 -14.
Foley Douglas E. , Learning Capitalist Culture , (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 1990 ).
Foucault Michael Hurley Robert , The History of Sexuality , (Random House , New York 1986 ) 2 -3.
Lin Foxhall & John Salmon (eds), Thinking Men: Masculinity and Its Self-Representation in the Classical Tradition , (Routledge, London 1998a ).
Lin Foxhall & John Salmon (eds), When Men Were Men: Masculinity, Power and Identity in Classical Antiquity , (Routledge, New York 1998b ).
Frilingos Christopher A. , Spectacles of Empire: Monsters, Martyrs, and the Book of Revelation , (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 2004 ).
Ruard R. Ganzevoort & Srdjan Sremac (eds), Religious and Sexual Nationalisms in Central and Eastern Europe: Gods, Gays, and Governments , (Brill, Leiden 2015 ).
Garcia J. Neil C. , Philippine Gay Culture: Binabae to Bakla, Silahis to MSM , (University of the Philippines Press, Manila 2008 ).
Garfinkel Harold , '‘Passing and the Managed Achievement of Sex Status in an Intersexed Person’ ', in Studies in Ethnomethodology , (Polity , Cambridge 1967 ) 116 -185.
Garrison Daniel H. , Sexual Culture in Ancient Greece , (University of Oklahoma Press, Norman 2000 ).
Christine Gerber, Silke Petersen & Wolfram Weiße (eds), Unbeschreiblich weiblich? Neue Fragestellungen zur Geschlechterdifferenz in den Religionen , (LIT, Münster 2011 ).
Gerson Kathleen , No Man’s Land: Men’s Changing Commitments to Family and Work , (Basic, New York 1993 ).
Gil Sean , '‘Christian Manliness Unmanned: Masculinity and Religion in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Western Society’ ', in Deborah Sawyer & Diane M. Collier (eds), Is There a Future for Feminist Theology? , (Sheffield Academic , Sheffield 1999 ) 160 -172.
Gilmore David D. , Manhood in the Making: Cultural Concepts of Masculinity , (Yale University Press, New Haven 1990 ).
Glancy Jennifer , '‘Unveiling Masculinity: The Construction of Gender in Mark 6:17–29’ ' (1994 ) 11 BibInt : 34 -50.
Glancy Jennifer , '‘Boasting of Beatings (2 Corinthians 11:23–25)’ ' (2004 ) 123 jbl : 34 -50.
Gleason Maud W. , Making Men: Sophists and Self-Presentation in Ancient Rome , (Princeton University Press, Princeton 1995 ).
Glessner Justin , '‘The Making(s) of an Average Joe: Joseph of Nazareth vs Empire, in Three Rounds’ ' (2014 ) Creangǎ and Smit 2014 : 189 -227.
Mark Golden & Peter Toohey (eds), Sex and Difference in Ancient Greece and Rome , (Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2003 ).
Goldingay John , '‘Hosea 1–3, Genesis 1–4, and Masculinist Interpretation’ ' (1995 ) 17 hbt : 37 -44.
Goodman Martin , The Roman World 44 BC–AD 180 , (Routledge, New York 1997 ).
Gordon Pamela , '‘The Lover’s Voice in Heroides 15: Or, Why is Sappho a Man?’ ' (1997 ) Hallett and Skinner 1997 : 274 -291.
Graybill Rhiannon , '‘Uncanny Bodies, Impossible Knowledge and Somatic Excess in Isaiah 29’ ' (2011 ) 7 The Bible and Critical Theory : 16 -28.
Graybill Rhiannon , '‘Voluptuous, Tortured, and Unmanned Ezekiel with Daniel Paul Schreber’ ', in Jennifer L. Koosed (ed), The Bible and Posthumanism , (Society of Biblical Literature , Atlanta 2014 ) 137 -155.
Graybill Rhiannon , '‘Masculinity, Materiality, and the Body of Moses’ ' (2015 ) 23 BibInt : 518 -540.
Graybill Rhiannon , '‘Surpassing the Love of Women: From Feminism to Queer Theory in Biblical Studies’ ' (2016a ) Scholz : 304 -325.
Graybill Rhiannon , Are We Not Men? Unstable Masculinity in the Hebrew Prophets , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016b ).
Greig Alan, Kimmel Michael & Lang James , Men, Masculinities and Development: Broadening Our Work towards Gender Equality , (United Nations Development Program, New York 2000 ).
Grimes Ronald L. , '‘Infelicitous Performances and Ritual Criticism’ ', in Ritual Criticism: Case Studies in Its Practice, Essays on Its Theory , (University of South Carolina Press , Columbia 1990 ) 191 -209.
Guest Deryn , Beyond Feminist Biblical Studies , (Sheffield Academic, Sheffield 2012 ).
Deryn Guest, Robert E. Goss, Mona West & Thomas Bohache (eds), The Queer Bible Commentary , (SCM, London 2006 ).
Gunda Masiiwa Ragies , '‘Jesus Christ, Homosexuality and Masculinity in African Christianity: Reading Luke 10:1–12’ ' (2013 ) 42 Exchange : 16 -33.
Gunderson Erik , Staging Masculinity: The Rhetoric of Performance in the Roman World , (University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 2000 ).
Günther Rigobert & Müller Reimar , Das goldene Zeitalter. Utopien der hellenistisch-römischen Antike , (Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1988 ).
Gutmann Matthew , The Meanings of Macho: Being a Man in Mexico City , (University of California Press, Berkeley 2006 ).
Gutmann Matthew , Fixing Men: Sex, Birth Control, and AIDS in Mexico , (University of California Press, Berkeley 2007 ).
Tony Haddad (ed), Men and Masculinities: A Critical Anthology , (Canadian Scholars, Toronto 1993 ).
Haddox Susan E. , '‘(E)Masculinity in Hosea’s Political Rhetoric’ ', in Brad E. Kelle & Megan Bishop Moore (eds), Israel’s Prophets and Israel’s Past , (T & T Clark International , New York 2006 ) 174 -200.
Haddox Susan E. , '‘“The Lord is with You, You Mighty Warrior”: The Question of Gideon’s Masculinity’ ' (2010 ) 30 Proceedings of the Eastern Great Lakes and Midwest Biblical Societies : 70 -87.
Haddox Susan E. , Metaphor and Masculinity in Hosea , (Peter Lang, New York 2011 ).
Haddox Susan E. , '‘Masculinity Studies’ ', in Steven Mackenzie (ed), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Biblical Interpretation , (Oxford University Press , Oxford 2013 ) 533 -541.
Haddox Susan E. , '‘Masculinity and Femininity in the Hebrew Bible’ ' (2014 ) O’Brien 2014 : 512 -518.
Haddox Susan E. , '‘Masculinity Studies of the Hebrew Bible: The First Two Decades’ ' (2016a ) 14 Currents in Biblical Research : 176 -206.
Haddox Susan E. , '‘Is There a “Biblical Masculinity”? Masculinities in the Hebrew Bible’ ' (2016b ) 36 Word & World : 5 -14.
Halberstam Judith , Female Masculinity , (Duke University Press, Durham 1998 ).
Hall Amy Laura , '‘Heroism’ ' (2016 ) 36 Word & World : 53 -63.
Judith P. Hallett & Marilyn B. Skinner (eds), Roman Sexualities , (Princeton University Press, Princeton 1997 ).
Hallett Judith P. , '‘Female Homoeroticism and the Denial of Roman Reality in Latin Literature’ ' (1997 ) Hallett and Skinner 1997 : 255 -273.
Halperin David M. , One Hundred Years of Homosexuality: And Other Essays on Greek Love , (Routledge, New York 1990 ).
Hanke Robert , '‘Theorizing Masculinity with/in the Media’ ' (1998 ) 8 Communication Theory : 183 -203.
Harding James E. , The Love of David and Jonathan: Ideology, Text, Reception , (Equinox, Sheffield 2013 ).
Harrill J. Albert , '‘Invective against Paul (2 Cor. 10:10), the Physiognomics of the Ancient Slave Body, and the Greco-Roman Rhetoric of Manhood’ ', in Adela Yarbro Collins & Margaret M. Mitchell (eds), Antiquity and Humanity: Essays on Ancient Religion and Philosophy Presented to Hans Dieter Betz on His 70th Birthday , (Mohr Siebeck , Tübingen 2001 ) 189 -213.
Harrison Verna E. F. , '‘Male and Female in Cappadocian Theology’ ' (1990 ) 41 Journal of Theological Studies : 441 -71.
Harvey Wingfield Adia , '‘Racializing the Glass Escalator: Reconsidering Men’s Experiences with Women’s Work’ ' (2009 ) 23 Gender & Society : 5 -26.
Haschemi Yekani Elahe , The Privilege of Crisis: Narratives of Masculinities in Colonial and Postcolonial Literature, Photography and Film , (Campus, Frankfurt 2011 ).
Michael A. Hayes, Wendy J. Porter & David Tombs (eds), Religion and Sexuality , (Sheffield Academic, Sheffield 1998 ).
Heacock Anthony , Jonathan Loved David: Manly Love in the Bible and the Hermeneutics of Sex , (Sheffield Phoenix, Sheffield 2011 ).
Hennen Peter , Faeries, Bears, and Leathermen: Men in Community Queering the Masculine , (University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2008 ).
Hentrich Thomas , '‘Masculinity and Disability in the Bible’ ', in Hector Avalos, Sarah J. Melcher & Jeremy Schipper (eds), This Abled Body: Rethinking Disabilities in Biblical Studies , (Society of Biblical Literature , Atlanta 2007 ) 73 -87.
Hentschel Anni , Gemeinde, Ämter, Dienste: Perspektiven zur neutestamentlichen Ekklesiologie , (Neukirchener Theologie, Neukirchen-Vluyn 2013 ).
Herek Gregory , '‘On Heterosexual Masculinity: Some Psychical Consequences of the Social Construction of Gender and Sexuality’ ' (1986 ) 29 American Behavioral Scientist : 563 -577.
Hinote Brian P. & Webber Gretchen R. , '‘Drinking toward Manhood: Masculinity and Alcohol in the Former USSR’ ' (2012 ) 15 Men and Masculinities : 292 -310.
Holloway Stephen W. , '‘The Masculinity of Male Angels on the Make: Genesis 6:1–4 in Early Nineteenth-Century Gothic Imagination’ ' (2016 ) Zsolnay 2016 : 248 -280.
Bengt Holmberg & Mikael Winninge (eds), Identity Formation in the New Testament , (Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2008 ).
Hooker Alan , '‘Show Me Your Glory: The Kabod of Yahweh as Phallic Manifestation’ ' (2014 ) Creangǎ and Smit 2014 : 17 -34.
Hoover Stewart M. & Coats Curtis D. , Does God Make the Man?: Media, Religion, and the Crisis of Masculinity , (New York University Press, New York 2015 ).
Hornsby Theresa J. , '‘The Dance of Gender: David, Jesus, and Paul’ ' (2014 ) 48 Neotestamentica : 75 -91.
Howard Cameron B. R. , '‘Preaching Texts of Multiple Masculinities to a World of Multiple Masculinities’ ' (2016 ) 36 Word & World : 74 -81.
Hübenthal Sandra , Das Markusevangelium als kollektives Gedächtnis , (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014 ).
Huber Lynn R. , '‘Sexually Explicit? Rereading Revelation’s 144,000 Virgins as a Response to Roman Discourses’ ' (2008 ) 2 Journal of Men, Masculinities and Spirituality : 3 -28.
Hüsken Ute , '‘Ritual Dynamics and Ritual Failure’ ', in Ute Hüsken (ed), When Rituals Go Wrong: Mistakes, Failure, and the Dynamics of Ritual , (Brill , Leiden 2007 ) 337 -366.
Hüsken Ute & Neubert Frank , '‘Introduction,’ ', in Ute Hüsken & Frank Neubert (eds), Negotiating Rites , (Oxford University Press , Oxford 2012 ) 1 -17.
Ing Michael , The Dysfunction of Ritual in Early Confucianism , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012 ).
Isherwood Lisa , Introducing Feminist Christologies , (Sheffield Academic, Sheffield 2001 ).
Ivarsson Frederik , '‘Vice Lists and Deviant Masculinity: The Rhetorical Function of 1 Corinthians 5:10–11 and 6:9–10’ ' (2006 ) Penner and Vander Stichele 2006 : 163 -184.
Ivarsson Frederik , '‘Christian Identity as True Masculinity’ ', in Bengst Holmberg (ed), Exploring Early Christian Identity , (Mohr Siebeck , Tübingen 2008a ) 159 -171.
Ivarsson Frederik , '‘A Man Has To Do What a Man Has To Do: Protocols of Masculine Sexual Behavior and 1 Corinthians 5–7’ ' (2008b ) Holmberg and Winninge 2008 : 183 -198.
Jackson Howard M. , '‘Why the Youth Shed His Cloak and Fled Naked: The Meaning and Purpose of Mark 14:51–52’ ' (1997 ) 116 jbl : 273 -289.
Jacobs Sandra , '‘Divine Virility in Priestly Representation: Its Memory and Consummation in Rabbinic Midrash’ ' (2010 ) Creangǎ 2010a : 146 -170.
Nina Jakoby, Brigitte Liebig, Martina Peitz, Tina Schmid & Isabelle Zinn (eds), Männer und Männlichkeiten: Disziplinäre Perspektiven , (Hochschulverlag, Zürich 2014 ).
Claudia Janssen, Frank Crüsemann, Marlene Crüsemann, Rainer Kessler & Beate Wehn (eds), Dem Tod nicht glauben: Sozialgeschichte der Bibel , (Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2004 ).
Janssen Diederik F. , International Guide to Literature on Masculinity: A Bibliography , (Men’s Studies, Harriman 2008 ).
John Sokfa Francis & Siwila Lilian Cheelo , '‘Eliciting Reflective Agency towards Transformation: African Masculinities in Selected Writings of Gerald West’ ' (2015 ) 151 Journal of Theology for Southern Africa : 59 -73.
Johnson Marguerite , '‘Masculinity and Femininity: Roman World’ ' (2014 ) O’Brien 2014 : 523 -528.
Jones Meriel , Playing the Man: Performing Masculinities in the Ancient Greek Novel , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012 ).
Joseph Sherry , Social Work Practice and Men Who Have Sex with Men , (Sage, New Delhi 2005 ).
Joshel Sandra R. , '‘The Body Female and the Body Politic: Livy’s Lucretia and Virginia’ ', in Amy Richlin (ed), Pornography and Representation in Greece and Rome , (Oxford University Press , Oxford 1992 ) 120 -126.
Sandra R. Joshel & Sheila Murnaghan (eds), Women and Slaves in Greco-Roman Culture , (Routledge, New York 1998 ).
Kahl Brigitte , '‘No Longer Male: Masculinity Struggles behind Galatians 3:28’ ' (2000a ) 79 jsnt : 37 -49.
Kahl Brigitte , '‘Nicht mehr männlich? Gal. 3, 28 und das Streitfeld Maskulinität’ ', in Claudia Janssen, Luise Schottroff & Beate B. Wehn (eds), Paulus: Umstrittene Traditionen, lebendige Theologie. Eine Feministische Lektüre , (Gütersloher Verlagshaus , Gütersloh 2000b ) 129 -145.
S. Tamar Kamionkowski & Wonil Kim (eds), Bodies, Embodiment, and Theology of the Hebrew Bible , (T & T Clark, London 2010 ).
Susan C. Karant-Nunn & Scott H. Hendrix (eds), Masculinity in the Reformation Era , (Truman State University Press, Kirksville 2008 ).
Judith Kegan Gardiner (ed), Masculinity Studies and Feminist Theory: New Directions , (Columbia University Press, New York 2002 ).
Kimmel Michael S. , '‘Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity’ ' (1994 ) Brod and Kaufman 1994 : 119 -141.
Kimmel Michael S. , Manhood in America: A Cultural History , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2006 ).
Kimmel Michael S. , '‘Ordained by Nature: Biology Constructs of the Sexes’ ', in Michael S. Kimmel (ed), The Gendered Society , (Oxford University Press , New York 2011 ) 21 -57.
Michael S. Kimmel & Amy Aronson (eds), Men and Masculinities , (ABC-Clio, Santa Barbara 2003 ).
Kimmel Michael S. & Bridges Tristan , '‘Masculinity’ ' (2016 ) Oxford Bibliographies doi: 10.1093/OBO/9780199756384–0033.
Michael S. Kimmel, Jeff Hearn & R. W. Connell (eds), Handbook of Studies on Men & Masculinities , (Sage, Thousand Oaks 2005 ).
Michael S. Kimmel & Michael A. Messner (eds), Men’s Lives , (Allyn & Bacon, Boston 2010 ).
King Ursula , '‘General Introduction: Gender-Critical Turns in the Study of Religion’ ' (2005 ) King and Beattie 2005 : 1 -10.
King Ursula & Beattie Tina , Gender, Religion and Diversity: Cross-Cultural Perspectives , (Continuum, London 2005 ).
Kirova Milena , '‘When Real Men Cry: The Symbolism of Weeping in the Torah and the Deuteronomistic History’ ' (2014 ) Creangǎ and Smit 2014 : 35 -50.
Ingrid Rosa Kitzberger (ed), The Personal Voice in Biblical Interpretation , (Routledge, New York 1998 ).
Klinhardt Matthias , Gemeinschaftsmahl und Mahlgemeinschaft: Soziologie und Liturgie frühchristlicher Mahlfeiern , (Francke, Tübingen 1996 ).
Reiner Knieling & Andreas Ruffing (eds), Männerspezifische Bibelauslegung: Impulse für Forschung und Praxis , (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2012 ).
Reiner Knieling & Andreas Ruffing (eds), Männerbeziehungen , (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2015 ).
Koenig Sara M. , '‘Make War Not Love: The Limits of David’s Hegemonic Masculinity in 2 Samuel 10–12’ ' (2015 ) 23 BibInt : 489 -517.
Matthias Konradt & Esther Schläpfer (eds), Anthropologie und Ethik im Frühjudentum und im Neuen Testament—Wechselseitige Wahrnehmungen , (Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2014 ).
Koosed Jennifer L. & Schumm Darla , '‘From Superman to Super Jesus: Constructions of Masculinity and Disability on the Silver Screen’ ' (2009 ) 29 Disability Studies Quarterly doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v29i2.917.
Kosofsky Sedgwick Eve , Epistemology of the Closet , (University of California Press, Berkeley 1990 ).
Kozlovic Anton Karl , '‘Cecil B. DeMille: Hollywood Macho Man and the Theme of Masculinity within His Biblical (and Other) Cinema’ ' (2008 ) 2 Journal of Men, Masculinities and Spirituality : 116 -138.
Baudewijntje P. C. Kreukels, Thomas D. Steensma & Annelou L. C. de Vries (eds), Gender Dysphoria and Disorders of Sex Development: Progress in Care and Knowledge , (Springer, New York 2014 ).
Krondorfer Björn , '‘Introduction,’ ', in Krondorfer (ed), Men’s Bodies, Men’s Gods: Male Identities in a (Post-)Christian Culture , (New York University Press , New York 1996 ) 3 -26.
Krondorfer Björn , '‘Mel Gibson’s Alter Ego: A Male Passion for Violence’ ' (2004 ) 54 CrossCurrents : 16 -21.
Krondorfer Björn , '‘Biblical Masculinity Matters’ ' (2014 ) Creangǎ and Smit 2014 : 286 -310.
Björn Krondorfer (ed), Men and Masculinities in Christianity and Judaism: A Critical Reader , (SCM, London 2009 ).
'Embattled Masculinities in the Religious Tradition [Special Issue] ' (2011 ) 61 (4) CrossCurrents .
Krondorfer Björn & Culbertson Philip , '‘Men’s Studies in Religion’ ', in Lindsay Jones (ed), Encyclopedia of Religion , (Macmillan , New York 2004 ) 5861 -5866.
Krutzsch Brett , '‘Un-Straightening Boaz in Ruth Scholarship’ ', in BibInt , (2015 ) 541 -552.
Kuefler Mathew , The Manly Eunuch: Masculinity, Gender Ambiguity, and Christian Ideology in Late Antiquity , (University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2001 ).
Helga Kuhlmann (ed), Die Bibel—übersetzt in gerechte Sprache? Grundlagen einer neuen Übersetzung , (Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2005 ).
Langlands Rebecca , Sexual Morality in Ancient Rome , (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2006 ).
Laqueur Thomas , Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud , (Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1990 ).
Larson Jennifer , '‘Paul’s Masculinity’ ' (2004 ) 123 jbl : 85 -97.
Lehne Gregory , '‘Homophobia Among Men’ ', in Deborah Sarah David & Robert Brannon (eds), The Forty-Nine Percent Majority: The Male Sex Role , (Addison-Wesley , Reading 1976 ) 66 -88.
Lemos T. M. , '‘The Emasculation of Exile: Hypermasculinity and Feminization in the Book of Ezekiel’ ', in Brad E. Kelle, Frank Ritchel Ames & Jacob Wright (eds), Interpreting Exile: Interdisciplinary Studies of Displacement and Deportation in Biblical and Modern Contexts , (Society of Biblical Literature , Atlanta 2011a ) 377 -393.
Lemos T. M. , '‘“Like the Eunuch Who Does Not Beget”: Gender, Mutilation, and Negotiated Status in the Ancient Near East’ ', in Jeremy Schipper & Candida R. Moss (eds), Disability Studies and Biblical Literature , (Palgrave Macmillan , New York 2011b ) 47 -66.
Lemos T. M. , '‘“They Have Become Women”: Judean Diaspora and Postcolonial Theories of Gender and Migration’ ', in Saul M. Olyan (ed), Social Theory and the Study of Israelite Religion: Essays in Retrospect and Prospect , (Society of Biblical Literature , Atlanta 2012 ) 81 -109.
Leutzsch Martin , '‘Konstruktionen von Männlichkeit im Urchristentum’ ' (2004 ) Janssen, Crüsemann, Crüsemann, Kessler and Wehn 2004 : 600 -618.
Amy-Jill Levine (ed), Feminist Companion to the New Testament and Early Christian Writings , (Bloomsbury , New York 2000–10 ) 13 vols..
Levine Martin , Gay Macho: The Life and Death of the Homosexual Clone , (New York University Press, New York 1998 ).
Liew Tat-siong Benny , '‘Re-Mark-able Masculinities: Jesus, the Son of Man, and the (Sad) Sum of Manhood?’ ' (2003 ) Anderson and Moore 2003 : 93 -135.
Limberi Vasiliki M. , Architects of Piety: The Cappadocian Fathers and the Cult of the Martyrs , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011 ).
Lipka Hilary , '‘Masculinities in Proverbs: An Alternative to the Hegemonic Ideal’ ' (2014 ) Creangǎ and Smit 2014 : 86 -103.
Lipka Hilary , '‘Shaved Beards and Bared Buttocks: Shame and the Undermining of Masculine Performance in Biblical Texts’ ' (2016 ) Zsolnay 2016 : 176 -197.
Lippy Charles H. , '‘Miles to Go: Promise Keepers in Historical and Cultural Context’ ' (1997 ) 80 Soundings : 289 -304.
Lippy Charles H. , Do Real Men Pray? Images of the Christian Man and Male Spirituality in White Protestant America , (University of Tennessee Press , Knoxville 2001 ) 2005.
Littlewood Roland & Young Antonia , '‘The Third Sex in Albania: An Ethnographic Note’ ', in Alison Shaw & Shirley Ardener (eds), Changing Sex and Bending Gender , (Berghahn , New York 2005 ) 74 -84.
Lopez Davina C. , '‘Before Your Very Eyes: Roman Imperial Ideology, Gender Constructs and Paul’s Inter-nationalism’ ' (2006 ) Penner and Vander Stichele 2006 : 115 -162.
Lorber Judith , '‘Believing is Seeing: Biology as Ideology’ ' (1993 ) 7 Gender & Society : 568 -581.
Gerard Loughlin (ed), Queer Theology: Rethinking the Western Body , (Blackwell, Malden 2007 ).
Low Katherine B. , '‘Implications Surrounding Girding the Loins in Light of Gender, Body, and Power’ ' (2011 ) 36 jsot : 3 -30.
Low Katherine B. , '‘Space for Women and Men: Masculinity Studies in Feminist Biblical Interpretation’ ' (2016 ) Scholz 2016 : 345 -363.
Lubinsky Crystal , '‘Re-reading Masculinity in Christian Greco-Roman Culture through Ambrose and the Female Transvestite Monk, Matrona of Perge’ ', in Markus Vinzent (ed), Studia patristica , (Peeters , Louvain 2013 ) 51 -56.
Lux Rüdiger , '‘Das Bild Gottes und die Götterbilder im Alten Testament’ ' (2013 ) 110 ztk : 133 -157.
MacDonald Nathan , Not by Bread Alone , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008 ).
Mǎcelaru Marcel V. , '‘Saul in the Company of Men: (De)constructing Masculinity in 1 Samuel 9–31’ ' (2014 ) Creangǎ and Smit 2014 : 51 -68.
MacLeod Jay , Ain’t No Makin’ It: Aspirations and Attainment in a Low-income Neighborhood , (Westview, Boulder 2009 ).
MacWiliam Stuart , '‘Ideologies of Male Beauty in the Hebrew Bible’ ' (2009 ) 17 BibInt : 265 -287.
MacWiliam Stuart , '‘Athaliah: A Case of Illicit Masculinity’ ' (2014 ) Creangǎ and Smit 2014 : 69 -85.
Marchal Joseph A. , The Politics of Heaven: Women, Gender, and Empire in the Study of Paul , (Fortress, Minneapolis 2008 ).
Marchal Joseph A. , '‘Queer Studies and Critical Masculinity Studies in Feminist Biblical Studies’ ' (2014a ) Schüssler Fiorenza 2014 : 261 -280.
Marchal Joseph A. , '‘Female Masculinity in Corinth?: Bodily Citations and the Drag of History’ ' (2014b ) 48 Neotestamentica : 93 -113.
Marsiglio William & Pleck Joseph H. , '‘Fatherhood and Masculinities’ ' (2005 ) Kimmel, Hearn and Connell 2005 : 249 -269.
Martin Dale B. , Sex and the Single Savior: Gender and Sexuality in Biblical Interpretation , (Westminster John Knox, Louisville 2006 ).
Dale B. Martin & Patricia Cox Miller (eds), The Cultural Turn in Late Ancient Studies: Gender, Asceticism, and Historiography , (Duke University Press, Durham 2005 ).
Marx Karl , The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte , (Progress Publishers , Moscow 1934 ) [German original, 1869].
Matthew Shelly , '‘The Weeping Jesus and the Daughters of Jerusalem: Gender and Conquest in the Lukan Lament’ ' (2013 ) Eisen, Gerber and Standhartinger 2013 : 381 -403.
Mayordomo Marin Moises , '‘Construction of Masculinity in Antiquity and Early Christianity’ ' (2006 ) 2 Lectio Dificilior : 1 -33.
Mayordomo Moises , '‘Konstruktionen von Männlichkeit in der Antike und der paulinischen Korrespondenz’ ' (2008 ) 68 Evangelische Theologie : 99 -115.
Mayordomo Moises , '‘‘‘Act Like Men!’’ (1 Cor. 16:13) Paul’s Exhortation in Different Historical Contexts’ ' (2011 ) 61 CrossCurrents : 515 -528.
Mayordomo Moises , '‘Jesu Männlichkeit im Markusevangelium: eine Spurensuche’ ' (2013 ) Eisen, Gerber and Standhartinger 2013 : 359 -379.
Mazierska Ewa , '‘The Redundant Male: Representations of Masculinity in Polish Postcommunist Cinema’ ' (2003 ) 55 Journal of Film and Video : 29 -43.
McCarthy Kathleen , '‘Servitium Amoris: Amor Servitii’ ' (1998 ) Joshel and Murnaghan 1998 : 174 -192.
McCaughey Martha , The Caveman Mystique: Pop-Darwinism and the Debates over Sex, Violence, and Science , (Routledge, New York 2008 ).
McClintock Anne , Imperial Leather: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest , (Routledge, New York 1995 ).
Mein Andrew , '‘Ezekiel’s Akward God: Atheism, Idolatry, and the Via Negativa’ ' (2013 ) 66 sjt : 261 -277.
Menéndez Antuña Luis , '‘Male-Bonding, Female Vanishing. Representing Gendered Authority in Luke 23:26–24:53’ ' (2013 ) 4 Early Christianity : 490 -506.
Messerschmidt James , '‘Managing to Kill: Masculinities and the Space Shuttle Challenger Explosion’ ' (1995 ) 3 Men and Masculinities : 1 -22.
Messerschmidt James , Crime as Structured Action: Doing Masculinity, Race, Class, Sexuality, and Crime , (Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham 2014 ).
Messner Michael A. , Power at Play: Sports and the Problem of Masculinity , (Beacon, Boston 1992 ).
Messner Michael A. , Politics of Masculinities: Men in Movements , (AltaMira, New York 1997 ).
Messner Michael A. , Taking the Field: Women, Men, and Sports , (University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis 2002 ).
Messner Michael A. & de Oca Jeffrey Montez , '‘The Male Consumer as Loser: Beer and Liquor Ads in Mega Sports Media Events’ ' (2005 ) 30 Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society : 1879 -1909.
Michael A. Messner & Donald F. Sabo (eds), Sport, Men, and the Gender Order: Critical Feminist Perspectives , (Human Kinetics, Champaign 1990 ).
Meyer Birgit , '‘Mediation and the Genesis of Presence’ ' (2014 ) 5 Religion and Society: Advances in Research : 205 -254.
Meyer-Zwiffelhoffer Eckhard , Im Zeichen des Phallus. Die Ordnung des Geschlechtslebens im antiken Rom , (Campus, Frankfurt 1995 ).
Michaels Axel , '‘“Le rituel pour le rituel” oder wie sinnlos sind Rituale?’ ', in Corinna Caduff & Johanna Pfaff-Czarnecka (eds), Rituale heute: Theorien—Kontroversen—Entwürfe , (Reimer , Berlin 1999 ) 23 -47.
Michaels Axel , '‘A Preliminary Grammar of Newar Life-Cycle Rituals’ ' (2002 ) 5 Journal of Hindu Studies : 10 -29.
Moore Stephen D. , '‘The Beatific Vision as a Posing Exhibition: Revelation’s Hypermasculine Deity’ ' (1995 ) 60 jsnt : 27 -55.
Moore Stephen D. , God’s Gym: Divine Male Bodies of the Bible , (Routledge, New York 1996a ).
Moore Stephen D. , '‘Gigantic God: Yahweh’s Body’ ' (1996b ) 21 jsot : 87 -115.
Moore Stephen D. , '‘Que(e)rying Paul’ ', in David J. A. Clines & Stephen D. Moore (eds), Auguries: The Jubilee Volume of the Sheffield Department of Biblical Studies , (Sheffield Academic , Sheffield 1998a ) 250 -274.
Moore Stephen D. , '‘Revolting Revelations’ ' (1998b ) Kitzberger 1998 : 183 -200.
Moore Stephen D. , '‘War Making Men Making War: The Performance of Masculinity in the Revelation to John’ ', in S. Brent Plate (ed), The Apocalyptic Imagination: Aesthetics and Ethics at the End of the World , (Trinity St. Mungo , Glasgow 1999 ) 84 -94.
Moore Stephen D. , God’s Beauty Parlor and Other Queer Spaces in and Around the Bible , (Stanford University Press, Stanford 2001 ).
Moore Stephen D. , '‘“O Man, Who Art Thou . . .?” Masculinity Studies and New Testament Studies’ ' (2003 ) Anderson and Moore 2003 : 1 -22.
Moore Stephen D. , '‘A Modest Manifesto for New Testament Literary Criticism: How to Interface with a Literary Studies Field that is Post-Literary, Post-Theoretical, and Post-Methodological’ ' (2007 ) 15 BibInt : 151 -170.
Moore Stephen D. , '‘Metonymies of Empire: Sexual Humiliation and Gender Masquerade in the Book of Revelation’ ', in Tat-siong Benny Liew (ed), Postcolonial Interventions , (Sheffield Phoenix , Sheffield 2009 ) 71 -97.
Moore Stephen D. , '‘Masculinity Studies and the Bible’ ' (2014 ) O’Brien 2014 : 540 -547.
Morell Robert & Swart Sandra , '‘Men in the Third World. Postcolonial Perspectives on Masculinity’ ' (2005 ) Kimmel, Hearn and Connell 2005 : 90 -113.
Candida R. Moss & Jeremy Schipper (eds), Disability Studies and Biblical Literature , (Palgrave MacMillan, New York 2011 ).
Mosse George L. , The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1998 ).
Mosse George L. , '‘Shell Shock as a Social Disease’ ' (2000 ) 35 Journal of Contemporary History : 101 -108.
Moxnes Halvor , '‘Conventional Values in the Hellenistic World. Masculinity’ ', in Per Bilde, Troels Engberg-Pedersen & Lise Hannestad (eds), Conventional Values of the Hellenistic Greeks , (Aarhus University Press , Århus 1997 ) 263 -284.
Moxnes Halvor , '‘Asceticism and Christian Identity in Antiquity: A Dialogue with Foucault and Paul’ ' (2003a ) 26 jsnt : 3 -29.
Moxnes Halvor , Putting Jesus in His Place: A Radical Vision of Household and Kingdom , (Westminster John Knox, Louisville 2003b ).
Moxnes Halvor , '‘Jesus in Gender Trouble’ ' (2004 ) 54 CrossCurrents : 31 -46.
Moxnes Halvor , '‘Where is “Following Jesus”? Masculinity and Place in Luke’s Gospel’ ', in Anselm C. Hagedorn, Zeba A. Crook & Eric Stewart (eds), In Other Word: Essays on Social Science Methods and the New Testament in Honor of Jerome H. Neyrey , (Sheffield Phoenix , Sheffield 2007 ) 155 -170.
Moxnes Halvor , '‘Body, Gender, and Social Space: Dilemmas in Constructing Early Christian Identities’ ' (2008 ) Holmberg and Winninge 2008 : 163 -181.
Moxnes Halvor , '‘Making Jesus Masculine: The Historical Jesus and the Challenges of Nineteenth-Century Politics’ ' (2014 ) 48 Neotestamentica : 57 -74.
Muers Rachel , '‘A Queer Theology: Hans Urs von Balthasar’ ' (2007 ) Loughlin 2007 : 200 -211.
Murphy Kelly J. , '‘Masculinity, Moral Agency, and Memory: The Spirit of the Deity in Judges, Samuel, and Beyond’ ' (2015 ) 2 Journal of the Bible and Its Reception : 175 -196.
Murray Oswyn , '‘War and the Symposium’ ' (1991 ) Slater 1991 : 83 -103.
Myers Alicia D. , '‘Gender, Rhetoric and Recognition: Characterizing Jesus and (Re)defining Masculinity in the Gospel of John’ ' (2015 ) 38 jsnt : 191 -218.
Myles Robert J. , '‘Dandy Discipleship: A Queering of Mark’s Disciples’ ' (2010 ) 4 Journal of Men, Masculinities and Spirituality : 66 -81.
Peter Nardi (ed), Gay Masculinities , (Sage, London 2000 ).
Nasimiyu-Wasike Anne , '‘Imagining Jesus Christ in the African Context at the Dawn of a New Millenium’ ', in Nahashon W. Ndungu & Philomena Mwaura (eds), Challenges and Prospects of the Church in Africa: Theological Reflections of the 21st Century , (Paulines , Nairobi 2005 ) 102 -118.
Nausner Michael , '‘Toward Community beyond Gender Binaries: Gregory of Nyssa’s Transgendering as Part of his Transformative Eschatology’ ' (2002 ) 8 Theology & Sexuality : 55 -65.
Neal Mark Anthony , Looking for Leroy: Illegible Black Masculinities , (New York University Press, New York 2013a ).
Neal Ronald B. , '‘Savior of the Race: The Messianic Burdens of Black Masculinity’ ' (2013b ) 42 Exchange : 51 -67.
Neutel Karin & Anderson Matthew , '‘The First Cut is the Deepest: Masculinity and Circumcision in the First Century’ ' (2014 ) Creangǎ and Smit 2014 : 228 -244.
Nissinen Martti , Homoeroticism in the Biblical World: A Historical Perspective , (Augsburg Fortress, Minneapolis 1998 ).
Nissinen Martti , '‘Biblical Masculinities: Musings on Theory and Agenda’ ' (2014 ) Creangǎ and Smit 2014 : 271 -285.
Nissinen Martti , '‘Relative Masculinities in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament’ ' (2016 ) Zsolnay 2016 : 221 -247.
Nock Steven L. , Marriage in Men’s Lives , (Oxford University Press, New York 1998 ).
Nortjé-Meyer Lilly , '‘Questioning the “Perfect Male Body”: A Critical Reading of Ephesians 4:13’ ' (2005 ) 90 Scriptura : 731 -739.
Noss Philip A. , '‘The contribution of African Culture to Biblical Understanding: A Translator’s Perspective’ ' (2009 ) 8 AICMAR Bulletin : 1 -28.
Julia O’Brien O’Brien (ed), The Encyclopedia of the Bible and Gender Studies , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014 ).
Oduyoye Mercy Amba & Amoah E. , '‘The Christ for African Women’ ', in Virginia Fabella & Mercy Amba Oduyoye (eds), With Passion and Compassion: Third World Women Doing Theology , (Orbis , Maryknoll 1988 ) 35 -46.
Økland Jorunn , '‘Sex, Gender and Ancient Greek: A Case-Study in Theoretical Misfit’ ' (2003 ) 57 Studia Theologica : 1 -19.
Økland Jorunn , '‘Requiring an Explanation: Hegemonic Masculinities in the Hebrew Bible and Second Temple Traditions’ ' (2015 ) 23 BibInt : 479 -488.
'Hegemonic Masculinities in the Hebrew Bible and Second Temple Traditions [Special Issue] ' (2015 ) 23 (4–5) BibInt .
Olson Dennis T. , '‘Untying the Knot? Masculinity, Violence, and the Creation-Fall Story of Genesis 2–4’ ', in Linda Day & Carolyn Pressler (eds), Engaging the Bible in a Gendered World , (Westminster John Knox , Louisville 2006 ) 73 -86.
Ouzgane Lahoucine & Coleman Daniel , '‘Postcolonial Masculinities: Introduction,’ ' (1998 ) 2 (1 ) Jouvert Accessible at https://english.chass.ncsu.edu/jouvert/v2i1/INT21.HTM.
Parker Holt , '‘Loyal Slaves and Loyal Wives. This Crisis of the Outsider-Within and Roman Exemplum literature’ ' (1998 ) Joshel and Murnaghan 1998 : 152 -173.
Parsons Mikeal C. , '‘Hand in Hand: Autobiographical Reflections on Luke 15’ ' (1995 ) 72 Semeia : 125 -152.
Pascoe C. J. , '‘Look at My Masculinity! Girls Who Act Like Boys’ ', in Dude, You’re a Fag: Masculinity and Sexuality in High School , (University of California Press , Berkeley 2007 ) 115 -155.
Patrick Pasture, Jan Art & Thomas Buerman (eds), Gender and Christianity in Modern Europe: Beyond the Feminization Thesis , (Leuven University Press, Leuven 2012 ).
Paul George , '‘Symposia and Deipna in Plutarch’s Lives and in Other Historical Writings’ ' (1991 ) Slater 1991 : 157 -169.
Peckruhn Heike , '‘Disability Studies’ ' (2014 ) O’Brien 2014 : 101 -111.
Todd C. Penner & Caroline Vander Stichele (eds), Her Master’s Tools? Feminist and Postcolonial Engagements of Historical-Critical Discourse , (Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2005 ).
Todd C. Penner & Caroline Vander Stichele (eds), Mapping Gender in Ancient Religious Discourses , (Brill, Leiden 2006 ).
Penner Todd C. & Stichele Caroline Vander , '‘Unveiling Paul: Gendering ἦθος in 1 Corinthians 11:2–16’ ', in Thomas H. Olbricht & Anders Eriksson (eds), Rhetoric, Ethics, and Moral Persuasion in Biblical Discourse , (T & T Clark , London 2005 ) 214 -237.
'‘Script(ur)ing Gender in Acts: The Past and Present Power of Imperium’ ' (2006 ) Penner and Vander Stichele 2006 : 231 -266.
Petersen Alan , '‘Research on Men and Masculinities: Some Implications of Recent Theory for Future Work’ ' (2003 ) 6 Men and Masculinities : 54 -69.
Pierce Karen F. , '‘Ideals of Masculinity in New Comedy’ ' (1998 ) Foxhall and Salmon 1998a : 130 -147.
Pippin Tina , Apocalyptic Bodies: The Biblical End of the World in Text and Image , (Routledge, New York 1999 ).
Polaski Sandra Hack , A Feminist Introduction to Paul , (Chalice, St. Louis 2005 ).
Poling James N. , '‘The Cross and Male Violence’ ', in Marit Trelstad (ed), Cross Examinations: Readings on the Meaning of the Cross Today , (Augsburg , Minneapolis 2006 ) 50 -62.
Vern S. Poythress & Wayne A. Grudem (eds), The Gender-Neutral Bible Controversy: Muting the Masculinity of God’s Words , (Broadman & Holman, Nashville 2000 ).
Punt Jeremy , '‘Writing Genealogies, Constructing Men. Masculinity and Lineage in the nt in Roman Times’ ' (2014 ) 48 Neotestamentica : 303 -323.
Pyper Hugh , '‘Boaz Reawakened: Modeling Masculinity in the Book of Ruth’ ' (2013 ) Aitken, Clines and Maier 2013 : 445 -458.
Radford Ruether Rosemary , Sexism and God-Talk: Towards a Feminist Theology , (Beacon, Boston 1983 ).
Reeser Todd , Masculinities in Theory , (Wylie-Blackwell, Malden 2010 ).
Rei Annalisa , '‘Villains, Wives and Slaves in the Comedies of Plautus’ ' (1998 ) Joshel and Murnaghan 1998 : 92 -108.
Richlin Amy , The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1992 ).
Richlin Amy , '‘Gender and Rhetoric: Producing Manhood in the Schools’ ', in William J. Dominik (ed), Roman Eloquence: Rhetoric in Society and Literature , (Routledge , New York 1997 ) 90 -110.
Ripley Jason , '‘“Behold the Man”? Subverting Imperial Masculinity in the Gospel of John’ ' (2015 ) 2 Journal of the Bible and its Reception : 219 -239.
Risman Barbara , Gender Vertigo: American Families in Transition , (Yale University Press, New Haven 1998 ).
Romero R. Todd , Making War and Minting Christians: Masculinity, Religion, and Colonialism in Early New England , (University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst 2011 ).
Deborah W. Rooke (ed), A Question of Sex? Gender and Difference in the Hebrew Bible and Beyond , (Sheffield Phoenix, Sheffield 2009 ).
Ralph M. Rosen & Ineke Sluiter (eds), Andreia. Studies in Manliness and Courage in Classical Antiquity , (Brill, Leiden 2003 ).
Rosenberg Gil , '‘New Authorities, New Readings: Queering Hebrew Bible Text Criticism’ ' (2015 ) 23 BibInt : 574 -600.
Röthlisberger Daniel , '‘Die capitis velatio von Männern und ihre Bedeutung für 1 Cor. 11, 4’ ' (2012 ) 55 Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum : 47 -71.
Rotundo E. Anthony , American Manhood: Transformations in Masculinity from the Revolution to the Modern Era , (Basic, New York 1993 ).
Roy Jim , '‘The Masculinity of the Hellenistic King’ ' (1998 ) Foxhall and Salmon 1998b : 111 -135.
Rubin Gayle , '‘The Traffic in Women: Notes on the “Political Economy” of Sex’ ', in Ranya R. Reiter (ed), Toward an Anthropology of Women , (Monthly Review , New York 1975 ) 157 -210.
Rubin Henry , Self-Made Men: Identity and Embodiment among Transsexual Men , (Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville 2003 ).
Sabo Don , '‘Masculinities and Men’s Health: Moving toward Post-Superman Era Prevention’ ' (2010 ) Kimmel and Messner 2010 : 285 -298.
Said Edward W. , Orientalism , (Pantheon, New York 1978 ).
Sals Ulrike , Die Biographie der ‘Hure Babylon’: Studien zur Intertextualität der Babylon-Texte in der Bibel , (Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2004 ).
Sankara Edgard , Postcolonial Francophone Autobiographies: From Africa to the Antilles , (University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville 2011 ).
Sawyer Deborah F. , '‘Biblical Gender Strategies: The Case of Abraham’s Masculinity’ ' (2005 ) King and Beattie 2005 : 162 -171.
Saxena Vandana , '‘Growing Up to Save the World: Christ and the Fantasies of Boyhood’ ' (2013 ) 42 Exchange : 68 -85.
Schiffman Lawrence H. , '‘The Reception of the Bible in Ancient Judaism’ ' unpublished paper presented at the EABS/SBL International Meeting , 7 July 2014 , Vienna, Austria.
Susanna Scholz (ed), Feminist Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Retrospect. I. Biblical Books , (Sheffield Phoenix, Sheffield 2013 ).
Susanna Scholz (ed), Feminist Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Retrospect. II. Social Location , (Sheffield Phoenix, Sheffield 2014 ).
Susanna Scholz (ed), Feminist Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Retrospect. III. Methods , (Sheffield Phoenix, Sheffield 2016 ).
Luise Schottroff & Marie-Theres Wacker (eds), Kompendium Feministische Bibelauslegung , (Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2007 ).
Schroer Silvia , '‘Schuf Gott den Man nach seinem Bild? Biblische Männerbilder und Gottesbilder im Fokus der theologischen Genderforschung’ ' (2014 ) Jakoby, Liebig, Peitz, Schmid and Zinn 2014 : 117 -134.
Schroer Silvia & Staubli Thomas , Menschenbilder der Bibel , (Ostfildern, Patmos 2014 ).
Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza (ed), Feminist Biblical Studies in the Twentieth Century: Scholarship and Movement , (Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2014 ).
Segal Lynne , Slow Motion: Changing Masculinities, Changing Men , (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick 1990 ).
Seidl Theodor , '‘“Schön bist Du meine Freundin“: Wahrnehmung des Körpers im Hohen Lied’ ', in Elmar Klinger, Stephanie Böhm & Theodor Seidl (eds), Der Körper und die Religion: Das Problem der Konstruktion von Geschlechterrollen , (Echter , Würzburg 2000 ) 129 -157.
Shuttleworth Russell , '‘Disabled Masculinity’ ', in Bonnie G. Smith & Beth Hutchison (eds), Gendering Disability , (Rutgers University Press , New Brunswick 2004 ) 166 -178.
Shuttleworth Russell, Wedgwood Nikki & Wilson Nathan J. , '‘The Dilemma of Disabled Masculinity’ ' (2012 ) 15 Men and Masculinities : 174 -194.
Siibak Andra , '‘Constructing Masculinity on a Social Networking Site: The Case Study of Visual Self-Presentations of Young Men on the Profile Images of SNS Rate’ ' (2010 ) 18 Young : 403 -425.
Sinha Mrinalini , Colonial Masculinity: The “Manly Englishman” and the “Effeminate Bengali” in the Late Nineteenth Century , (Manchester University Press, Manchester 1995 ).
Slater William J. , '‘Sympotic Ethics in the Odyssey’ ', in Oswyn Murray (ed), Sympotica. A Symposium on the Symposion , (Clarendon , Oxford 1990 ) 213 -220.
William J. Slater (ed), Dining in a Classical Context , (University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 1991 ).
Smit Peter-Ben , '‘Jesus and the Ladies: (De)Constructing Divine Masculinity in John’ ' (2006a ) 2 (3 ) The Bible & Critical Theory : 31.1 -31.15 doi: 10.2104/bc060031.
Smit Peter-Ben , '‘That’s Very Sweet of You, My Child, But No Thanks: A Note on Philippians 4:10–20 and Paul’s Parental Authority’ ' (2006b ) 2006 (1 ) Lectio Difficilior Accessible at http://www.lectio.unibe.ch/06_1/smit_very_sweet.htm.
Smit Peter-Ben , '‘Biblische Hermeneutik im Spannungsfeld persönlicher und kirchlicher Identität’ ' (2006c ) 96 ikz : 135 -151.
Smit Peter-Ben , Food and Fellowship in the Kingdom: Studies in the Eschatological Meal and Scenes of Nutritional Abundance in the New Testament , (Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2008 ).
Smit Peter-Ben , '‘Die Geburtstagsfeier des Herodes als Anti-Symposium (Mk 6, 17–29)’ ' (2009 ) 53 bz : 29 -46.
Smit Peter-Ben , '‘Food and Fellowship, the Kingdom and the Empire: Biblical and Patristic Perspectives’ ', in Marsha L. Dutton (ed), Globalization and Catholicity: Ecumenical Conversations on God’s Abundance and the People’s Need , (Stämpfli , Bern 2010 ) 198 -207.
Smit Peter-Ben , '‘Making Men—Weakness, Justification, and Andreia in Romans 5:6’ ' (2012 ) 2012 (1 ) Lectio Difficilior Accessible at http://www.lectio.unibe.ch/12_1/smit_Masculinity_Rom_5.html.
Smit Peter-Ben , Paradigms of Being in Christ: Paul’s Use of Exempla in Philippians , (Bloomsbury, London 2013a ).
Smit Peter-Ben , '‘Ritual Failure, Ritual Negotiation, and Paul’s Argument in 1 Corinthians 11:17–34’ ' (2013b ) 3 (2 ) Journal for the Study of Paul and His Letters : 165 -195.
Smit Peter-Ben , '‘Theologie nach dem Cultural Turn: Gender Studies am Beispiel der Theklaakten’ ', in Judith Gruber (ed), Theologie im Cultural Turn. Erkenntnistheologische Erkundungen in einem veränderten Paradigma , (Lang , Frankfurt 2013c ) 105 -130.
Smit Peter-Ben , '‘Thecla’s Masculinity in the Acts of (Paul and) Thecla’ ' (2014a ) Creangǎ and Smit 2014 : 245 -269.
Smit Peter-Ben , '‘Diversiteit in het onderwijs van het Nieuwe Testament: over het nut van biografische, levensbeschouwelijke en culturele diversiteit’ ' (2014b ) 68 NedTT : 277 -296.
Smit Peter-Ben , '‘Are All Voices To Be Heard? Considerations about Masculinity and the Right To Be Heard in Philippians’ ' (2015a ) 2015 (2 ) Lectio Difficilior Accessible at http://www.lectio.unibe.ch/15_2/smit.html.
Smit Peter-Ben , From Canonical Criticism to Ecumenical Exegesis? A Study in Biblical Hermeneutics , (Brill, Leiden 2015b ).
Smit Peter-Ben , '‘Crucifiction? Crucifixion as a Failed Ritual in Phil. 2’ ' (2016 ) 46 btb : 12 -24.
Smit Peter-Ben, Van Klinken Adriaan S. & Creangǎ Ovidiu , '‘Introduction’ ' (2015 ) Creangǎ, Van Klinken, Smit and Økland 2015 : 135 -143.
Smith Abraham , '‘“Full of Spirit and Wisdom”: Luke’s Portrait of Stephen (Acts 6:1–8:1a) as a Man of Self-Mastery’ ', in Leif E. Vaage & Vincent L. Wimbush (eds), Ascetism and the New Testament , (Routledge , New York 1999 ) 97 -114.
Michaela Sohn-Kronthaler (ed), Feminisierung oder (Re-)maskulinisierung der Religion im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert? Forschungsbeiträge aus Christentum, Judentum und Islam , (Böhlau, Wien 2015 ).
Solevåg Anna Rebecca , '‘No Nuts? No Problem! Disability, Stigma, and the Baptized Eunuch in Acts 8:26–40’ ' (2016 ) 24 BibInt : 81 -99.
Späth Thomas , Männlichkeit und Weiblichkeit bei Tacitus. Zur Konstruktion der Geschlechter in der römischen Kaiserzeit , (Campus, Frankfurt 1994 ).
Spivak Gayatri Chakravorty , '‘Can the Subaltern Speak?’ ', in Cary Nelson & Lawrence Grossberg (eds), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture , (University of Illinois Press , Urbana 1988 ) 271 -313.
Stadler Nurit , Yeshiva Fundamentalism: Piety, Gender, and Resistance in the Ultra-Orthodox World , (New York University Press, New York 2009 ).
Staley Jeffrey L. , '‘Fathers and Sons: Fragments from an Autobiographical Midrash on the Gospel of John’ ' (1998 ) Kitzberger 1998 : 65 -85.
Standhartinger Angela , '‘“Und alle aßen und wurden satt” (Mk 6, 42 par.): Die Speisungserzählungen im Kontext römisch-hellenistischer Festkulturen’ ' (2013 ) 57 bz : 60 -81.
Standhartinger Angela , '‘Zweierlei Gabekulturen? Jesu Speisung der Fünftausend im Kontext des antiken Euergetismus’ ', in Alexandra Grund (ed), Opfer, Geschenke, Almosen. Die Gabe in Religion und Gesellschaft , (Kohlhamme , Stuttgart 2015 ) 47 -63.
Stanovsky Derek , '‘Postcolonial Masculinities’ ', in Michael Flood, Judith Kegan Gardiner, Bob Pease & Keith Pringle (eds), International Encyclopedia of Men and Masculinities , (Routledge , London 2007 ) 493 -496.
Staples Robert , Black Masculinity: The Black Male’s Role in American Society , (Black Scholar, San Francisco 1982 ).
Starr M. E. , '‘The Marlboro Man: Cigarette Smoking and Masculinity in America’ ' (1984 ) 17 The Journal of Popular Culture : 45 -57.
Stavrianopoulou Eftychia , '‘Die Bewirtung des Volkes Öffentliche Speisungen in der römischen Kaiserzeit’ ', in Oliver Hekster, Sebastian Schmidt-Hofner & Christian Witschel (eds), Ritual Dynamics and Religious Change in the Roman Empire , (Brill , Leiden 2009 ) 159 -184.
Harry Stecopoulos & Michael Uebel (eds), Race and the Subject of Masculinities , (Duke University Press, Durham 1997 ).
Stenström Hanna , '‘Masculine or Feminine? Male Virgins in Joseph and Aseneth and the Book of Revelation’ ' (2008 ) Holmberg and Winninge 2008 : 199 -222.
Stiebert Johanna , '‘Man and New Man: David’s Masculinity in Film’ ' (2015 ) 2 Journal of the Bible and its Reception : 197 -218.
Stökl Jonathan , '‘Ištar’s Women, Yhwh’s Men? A Curious Gender bias in Neo-Assyrian and Biblical Prophecy’ ' (2009 ) 121 zaw : 87 -100.
Stökl Jonathan , '‘Gender “Ambiguity” in Ancient Near Eastern Prophecy: A Reassessment of the Data behind a Popular Theory’ ' (2013 ) Stökl and Carvalho 2013 : 27 -58.
Jonathan Stökl & Corinne L. Carvalho (eds), Prophets Male and Female: Gender and Prophecy in the Hebrew Bible, The Eastern Mediterranean, and the Ancient Near East , (Society of Biblical Literature , Atlanta 2013 ) 27 -58.
Stone Ken , '‘Lovers and Raisin Cakes: Food, Sex and Divine Insecurity in Hosea’ ' (2001 ) Stone 2001 : 116 -139.
Stone Ken , Practicing Safer Texts: Food, Sex and Bible in Queer Perspective , (T & T Clark, London 2005 ).
Stone Ken , '‘Masculinity Studies’ ', in Katherine Doob Sakenfeld (ed), The New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible Dictionary , (Abingdon , Nashville 2006 ) 829 -830.
Stone Ken , '‘Gender Criticism: The Un-manning of Abimelech’ ', in Gale A. Yee (ed), Judges and Method: New Approaches in Biblical Studies , (Fortress , Minneapolis 2007 ) 183 -201.
Stone Ken , '‘Biblical Interpretation as a Technology of the Self: Gay Men and the Ethics of Reading’ ' (2009a ) Krondorfer 2009 : 201 -215.
Stone Ken , '‘How a Woman Unmans a King: Gender Reversal and the Woman of Thebez in Judges 9’ ', in Peter S. Hawkins & Lesleigh Cushing Stahlberg (eds), From the Margins 1: Women of the Hebrew Bible and Their Afterlives , (Sheffield Phoenix , Sheffield 2009b ) 71 -85.
Stone Ken , '‘Queer Reading between Bible and Film: Paris is Burning and the “Legendary Houses” of David and Saul’ ' (2011 ) Stone and Hornsby 2011 : 75 -98.
Ken Stone (ed), Queer Commentary and the Hebrew Bible , (Sheffield Academic, Sheffield 2001 ).
Ken Stone & Teresa J. Hornsby (eds), Bible Trouble: Queer Reading at the Boundaries of Biblical Scholarship , (Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011 ).
Strimple Cheryl & Creangă Ovidiu , '‘“And His Skin Returned Like the Skin of a Little Boy”: Masculinity, Disability and the Healing of Naaman’ ' (2010 ) Creangǎ 2010a : 110 -126.
Sullivan Kevin P. , '‘Sexuality and the Gender of Angels’ ', in April D. DeConinck (ed), Paradise Now: Essays on Early Jewish and Christian Mysticism , (Society of Biblical Literature , Atlanta 2006 ) 211 -238.
Swancutt Diane M. , '‘“The Disease of Effemination”: The Charge of Effeminacy and the Verdict of God (Romans 1:18–2:16)’ ' (2003 ) Anderson and Moore 2003 : 193 -233.
R. N. Swanson (ed), Gender and Christian Religion , (Boydell, Woodbridge 1998 ).
Tarlin Jan William , '‘Utopia and Pornography in Ezekiel: Violence, Hope, and the Shattered Male Subject’ ', in Timothy K. Beal & David M. Gunn (eds), Reading Bibles, Writing Bodies: Identity and The Book , (Routledge , New York 1997 ) 175 -183.
Adrian Thatcher (ed), The Oxford Handbook of Theology, Sexuality, and Gender , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014 ).
Thiem Annika , '‘The Art of Queer Rejections: The Everyday Life of Biblical Discourse’ ' (2014 ) 48 Neotestamentica : 33 -56.
Thornton Bruce S. , Eros: The Myth of Ancient Greek Sexuality , (Westview, Boulder 1997 ).
Thurman Eric , '‘Looking for a Few Good Men: Mark and Masculinity’ ' (2003 ) Anderson and Moore : 137 -161.
Thurman Eric , '‘Novel Men: Masculinity and Empire in Mark’s Gospel and Xenophon’s An Ephesian Tale’ ' (2006 ) Penner and Vander Stichele 2006 : 185 -229.
Thurman Eric Writing the Nation, Reading the Men: Postcolonial Masculinities in Mark’s Gospel and the Ancient Novel 2010 (Ph.D. dissertation, Drew University)
Thurman Eric , '‘Adam and the Making of Masculinity’ ', in Danna Nolan Fewell (ed), Oxford Handbook of Biblical Narrative , (Oxford University Press , Oxford 2015 ) 411 -421.
Tjelle Kristin Fjelde , Missionary Masculinity, 1870–1930: The Norwegian Missionaries in South-East Africa , (Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke 2014 ).
Togarasei Lovemore , '‘Christianity and Hegemonic Masculinities: Transforming Botswana Hegemonic Masculinity Using the Jesus of Luke’ ' (2013 ) 112 Scriptura : 1 -12.
Tongue Samuel , '‘Scripted Bodies: Reading the Spectacle of Jacob Wrestling the Angel’ ' (2012 ) 6 Journal of Men, Masculinities and Spiritualities : 20 -37.
Treacher Kabesh Amal , Postcolonial Masculinities: Emotions, Histories and Ethics , (Routledge, New York 2013 ).
Trible Phyllis , God and the Rhetoric of Sexuality , (Fortress, Philadelphia 1978 ).
Uro Risto , '‘Ritual and Christian Origins’ ', in Dietmar Neufeld & Richard DeMaris (eds), Understanding the Social World of the New Testament , (Routledge , London 2010 ) 220 -232.
Van den Hengel Louis , Imago: Romeinse keizerbeelden en de belichaming van gender , (Verloren, Hilversum 2009 ).
Van den Wijngaard Marianne , Reinventing the Sexes: The Biomedical Construction of Femininity and Masculinity , (Indiana University Press, Bloomington 1997 ).
Van Klinken Adriaan S. , Transforming Masculinities in African Christianity: Gender Controversies in Times of Aids , (Ashgate, Farnham 2013 ).
Van Klinken Adriaan S. , '‘The Black Messiah, or Christianity and Masculinity in Ngugi wa Thiongo’s The River Between’ ', in Emma Mason (ed), Reading the Abrahamic Faiths: Rethinking Religion and Literature , (Bloomsbury , London 2015 ) 131 -142.
Van Klinken Adriaan S. & Smit Peter-Ben , '‘Introduction: Jesus Traditions and Masculinities in World Christianity’ ' (2013 ) 42 (1 ) Jesus Traditions in the Construction of Masculinities in World Christianities [Special Issue]. Exchange : 1 -15.
Vander Stichele Caroline & Penner Todd , Contextualizing Gender in Early Christian Discourse: Thinking beyond Thecla , (T & T Clark, London 2009 ).
Villalobos Mendoza Manuel , '‘Bodies del otro lado. Finding Life and Hope in the Borderland: Gloria Anzaldúa, the Ethopian Eunuch of Acts 8:26–40 y Yo’ ' (2011 ) Stone and Hornsby 2011 : 191 -221.
Villalobos Mendoza Manuel , When Men Were Not Men: Masculinity and Otherness in the Pastoral Epistles , (Sheffield Phoenix, Sheffield 2014 ).
Urs Von Arx & Anastasios Kallis (eds), Bild Christi und Geschlecht , (Stämpfli , Bern 1996 ) 1996.
Voth Steven M. , '‘Masculinidad en la traducción de la Biblia en Latinoamérica’ ', in Scott S. Elliott & Roland Boer (eds), Ideology, Culture, and Translation , (Society of Biblical Literature , Atlanta 2012 ) 169 -186.
Marie-Thérèse Wacker (ed), Mannsbilder: kritische Männerforschung und theologische Frauenforschung im Gespräch , (LIT, Münster 2006 ).
Wagner Andreas , Gottes Körper: Zur alttestamentlichen Vorstellung der Menschengestaltigkeit Gottes , (Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2010 ).
Wagner-Hasel Beate , '‘Das Diktum der Philosophen: Der Ausschluss der Frauen aus der Politik und die Sorge vor der Frauenherrschaft’ ', in Thomas Späth & Beate Wagner-Hasel (eds), Frauenwelten in der Antike. Geschlechterordnung und weibliche Lebenspraxis , (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft , Darmstadt 2000 ) 198 -217.
Walters Jonathan , '‘Invading the Roman Body: Manliness and Impenetrability in Roman Thought’ ' (1997 ) Hallett and Skinner 1997 : 29 -49.
Walters Jonathan , '‘Juvenal Satire 2: Putting Male Sexual Deviants on Show’ ' (1998 ) Foxhall and Salmon 1998a : 148 -157.
Ward Graham , '‘The Displaced Body of Jesus Christ’ ', in John Milbank, Catherine Pickstock & Graham Ward (eds), Racial Orthodoxy: A New Theology , (Routledge , New York 1999 ) 163 -181.
'Queering Religion [Special Issue] ' (2001 ) 15 (3) Literature and Theology .
Ward Jane , '‘Dude-Sex: White Masculinities and “Authentic” Heterosexuality among Dudes Who Have Sex with Dudes’ ' (2008 ) 11 Sexualities : 414 -434.
Wardrop Joan , '‘“Simply the Best”: Soweto Flying Squad, Professional Masculinities and the Rejection of Machismo’ ' (2001 ) Morrell 2001 : 255 -270.
Webster Tiffany , '‘“A Miner Knows Better Than Anybody You Have Little Power over Mother Nature”: Exploring Genesis 1:26–31 and the Concepts of Control and Power with South Derbyshire Coal Miners’ ' (2015 ) 2 Journal of the Bible and its Reception : 145 -174.
Weidemann Hans-Ulrich , '‘“Do not Retaliate against the Evil Man!” Being a Male Disciple of Jesus according to Matthew’s Antitheses’ ' (2014a ) Creangǎ and Smit 2014 : 107 -155.
Weidemann Hans-Ulrich , '‘Selbstbeherrschte Hausherren. Beobachtungen zur rhetorischen Funktion des Maskulinitätsideals in den Pastoralbriefen’ ', in Rudolf Hoppe & Michael Reichardt (eds), Lukas—Paulus—Pastoralbriefe , (Verlag Katholisches Bibelwerk , Stuttgart 2014b ) 271 -301.
Weissenrieder Annette , '‘Masculinity and Femininity: Greek World’ ' (2014 ) O’Brien 2014 : 518 -523.
Simon Wendt & Pablo Dominguez Andersen (eds), Masculinities and the Nation in the Modern World. Between Hegemony and Marginalization , (Routledge, New York 2015 ).
West Gerald O. , '‘The Contribution of Tamar’s Story to the Construction of Alternative African Masculinities’ ' (2010 ) Kamionkowski and Kim 2010 : 238 -250.
West Gerald O. , '‘Deploying the Literary Detail of a Biblical Text (2 Samuel 13:1–22) in Search of Redemptive Masculinities’ ' (2013 ) Aitken, Clines and Maier 2013 : 297 -312.
Wetter Anne-Mareike , ‘On Her Account’: Reconfiguring Israel in Ruth, Esther, and Judith , (Bloomsbury, London 2015 ).
Whitehead Stephen M. , Men and Masculinities: Key Themes and New Directions , (Polity, Cambridge 2002 ).
Williams Christine L. , Still a Man’s World: Men Who Do ‘Women’s Work’ , (University of California Press, Berkeley 1995 ).
Williams Craig , Roman Homosexuality: The Ideologies of Masculinity in the Classical World , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2010 ).
Wilson Andrew P. , '‘Stabat Maria: Marian Fragments and the Limits of Masculinity’ ', in Fiona C. Black (ed), The Recycles Bible: Autobiography, Culture, and the Space Between , (Society of Biblical Literature , Atlanta 2006 ) 27 -44.
Wilson Stephen , '‘Samson the Man-Child: Failing to Come of Age in the Deuteronomistic History’ ' (2014 ) 133 jbl : 43 -60.
Wilson Stephen , Making Men: The Male Coming-of-Age Theme in the Hebrew Bible , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2015 ).
Wilson Brittany E. , '‘The Blinding of Paul and the Power of God: Masculinity, Sight and Self-Control’ ' (2014a ) 133 jbl : 367 -387.
Wilson Brittany E. , '‘“Neither Male Nor Female”: The Ethiopian Eunuch in Acts 8:26–40’ ' (2014b ) 60 nts : 403 -422.
Wilson Brittany E. , Unmanly Men: Refigurations of Masculinity in Luke-Acts , (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2015a ).
Wilson Brittany E. , '‘Destabilizing Masculinity: Paul in the Book of Acts and Beyond’ ' (2015b ) 2 Journal of the Bible and Its Reception : 135 -143.
Wilson Brittany E. , '‘Gender Disrupted: Jesus as a “Man” in the Fourfold Gospel’ ', in Word & World , (2016 ) 24 -35.
Winkler John J. , The Constraints of Desire: The Anthropology of Sex and Gender in Ancient Greece , (Routledge, New York 1990 ).
Maria Wyke (ed), Parchments of Gender: Deciphering the Bodies of Antiquity , (Clarendon, Oxford 1998 ).
Xaba Thokozani , '‘Masculinity and Its Malcontents: The Confrontation between “Struggle Masculinity” and “Post Struggle Masculinity” (1990–1997)’ ', in Robert Morell (ed), Changing Men in Southern Africa , (University of Natal Press , Pietermaritzburg 2001 ) 105 -124.
Yancey Martin Patricia , '‘“Mobilizing masculinities”: Women’s Experiences of Men at Work’ ' (2001 ) 8 Organization : 587 -618.
Zsolnay Ilona , '‘Gender and Sexuality: Ancient Near East’ ' (2014 ) O’Brien 2014 : 273 -287.
Ilona Zsolnay (ed), Being a Man: Negotiating Ancient Constructs of Masculinity , (Routledge, London 2016 ).
The Week. 15 February 2015, http://theweek.com/speedreads/541158/wesleyan-university-creates-allinclusive-acronym-lbttqqfagpbdsm (accessed 5 January 2016).
See Rei 1998; Walters 1998; Pierce 1998. Love and being in love were (naturally) seen as destabilizing factors that threatened (self-)control, see McCarthy 1998. In times of (perceived?) ideological crises, themes such as the faithful wife and ditto slave were more frequent in the arts, see Parker 1998. On the question of social control, see Bradley 1984: 113–37; regarding control, Thornton (1997: 166–69) refers to the chaste and faithful wife as a man’s ‘most important possession’ (166). On the relation between gender and power in Rome in general, see Richlin 1992: xiii–xxxiii; Joshel 1992.
See Slater 1990: 214–16 for a discussion of the classical example of this kind of chaos (caused by ὕβρις): the unhappy ending of the wedding celebration of Peirithoos and Hippodameia, to which the Centaurs had been invited as well and got drunk (cf. Homer, Od. 21.295–304). Slater himself proposes convincingly that a contrast is made in the Odyssey between the ideal symposium of the Phaeacians on the one hand (Od. 8) and the celebrations of Penelope’s suitors. George Paul (1991: 157–69) emphasizes that disorderly conduct was closely associated with symposia, especially with those associated with collegia (cf. Plato, Leg. 671A; Plutarch, Alc. 4.4–6; Athenaeus, Deipn. 12.534E–F).
Slater 1990: 213–14; cf. Plutarch, Mor. 612E; Lucian, Par. 51.
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 4485 | 336 | 53 |
Full Text Views | 373 | 7 | 1 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 281 | 19 | 7 |
Most characters in the Bible are men, yet they are hardly analysed as such. Masculinity and the Bible provides the first comprehensive survey of approaches that remedy this situation. These are studies that utilize insights from the field of masculinity studies to further biblical studies. The volume offers a representative overview of both fields and presents a new exegesis of a well-known biblical text (Mark 6) to show how this approach leads to new insights.
By presenting the field of masculinity studies, the volume performs a service for those working in biblical studies and related disciplines, but do not have explored this approach yet. At the same time, the volume shows, by surveying the past two decades of publications in the field, what results have been achieved so far and where open questions remain. In the exegesis of Mark 6, it becomes clear that one of these challenges, the often very specific and intersectional character of masculinity, can be addressed successfully when consciously combining approaches such as narrative and ritual analyses.
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 4485 | 336 | 53 |
Full Text Views | 373 | 7 | 1 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 281 | 19 | 7 |