Do you want to stay informed about this journal? Click the buttons to subscribe to our alerts.
In Addressing Corruption Allegations in International Arbitration, Brody K. Greenwald and Jennifer A. Ivers provide a comprehensive overview of the key issues that arise in international arbitrations involving allegations of corruption drawing upon their significant experience in these high-stakes cases, including in the only two reported investment treaty cases dismissed specifically as a result of corruption. Their monograph is a valuable resource guide that analyzes, among other things, the public policy against corruption, the requirements for establishing corruption, issues relating to the burden and standard of proof, how corruption has been proved in practice, and the legal consequences where corruption is established. Mr. Greenwald and Ms. Ivers also assess issues that arise where a sovereign State raises an arbitration defense based on alleged corruption, but does not prosecute the alleged wrongdoers in its domestic courts.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
15 U.S. Code § 78dd.
A Resource Guide to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act by the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice and the Enforcement Division of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2012).
Adem Dogan v. Turkmenistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/09/9, Decision on Annulment dated Jan. 15, 2016.
African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption, adopted July 1, 2003, entered into force Aug. 5, 2006.
Alasdair Ross Anderson, et al. v. Republic of Costa Rica, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/07/3, Award dated May 19, 2010.
Alpha Projektholding GmbH v. Ukraine, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/16, Award dated Nov. 8, 2010.
American Jurisprudence, 29 Am. Jur. 2D Evidence (United States).
Ampal-American Israel Corporation and others v. Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/12/11, Decision on Jurisdiction dated Feb. 1, 2016.
Anatolie Stati, Gabriel Stati, Ascom Group S.A. and Terra Raf Trans Traiding Ltd v. Republic of Kazakhstan, SCC Case No. V116/2010, Award dated Dec. 19, 2013.
Annual Report of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, Annual Report for 2017.
Apotex Holdings Inc. and Apotex Inc. v. United States of America, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)12/1, Award dated Aug. 25, 2014.
Arnaud Di Benedetto v. FIT, CAS 2014/A/3519 & Bastien Cotte-Barrot v. FIT, CAS 2014/A/3520.
Asian Agricultural Products Ltd. v. Republic of Sri Lanka, ICSID Case No. ARB/87/3, Award dated June 27, 1990.
Australia Commercial Arbitration Act 2017.
Azpetrol International Holdings B.V., Azpetrol Group B.V., and Azpetrol Oil Services Group B.V. v. Republic of Azerbaijan, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/15, Award dated Sept. 8, 2009.
Baissus, Jean-Marc, “Common v. Continental: A Reaction to Mr. Evan Whitton’s 1998 Murdoch Law School Address,” 5 Murdoch U. Elec. J.L No. 4 (Dec. 1998).
Bayindir Insaat Turizm Ve Sanayi A.S. v. Islamic Republic of Pakistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/29, Award dated Aug. 27, 2009.
Bedrosyan, Alexander Sevan, “Adverse Inferences in International Arbitration,” 38 U. Pa. J. Int’l Law 241.
Bin Hammam v. Fédération Internationale de Football Association, CAS 2011/A/2625, Award dated July 19, 2012.
Blusun S.A., Jean-Pierre Lecorcier and Michael Stein v. Italian Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/14/3, Award dated Dec. 27, 2016.
Born, Gary, International Commercial Arbitration (2d ed., 2014).
Briginshaw v. Briginshaw (1938) 60 CLR 336.
Brownlie, Ian, Principles of Public International Law, 8th ed., Oxford University Press, 2012.
Buisman, Caroline, Bouazdi, Myriam, and Costi, Matteo, “Principles of Civil Law,” in Principles of Evidence in International Criminal Justice, Karim Khan, Caroline Buisman, and Christopher Gosnell eds., 2010.
Chatham House International Law Discussion Group Meeting, Mar. 28, 2007: “World Duty Free v. The Republic of Kenya: A Unique Precedent?”.
Cheng, Bin, General Principles of Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunal (1987).
Chevron Corp. and Texaco Petroleum Co. v. The Republic of Ecuador, PCA Case No. 2009-2003, UNCITRAL, Second Partial Award on Track II dated Aug. 30, 2018.
Churchill Mining PLC and Planet Mining Pty Ltd v. Republic of Indonesia, ICSID Cases Nos. ARB/12/14 and ARB/12/40, Award dated Dec. 6, 2016.
Clermont, Kevin and Sherwin, Emily, “A Comparative View of Standards of Proof,” 50 Am. J. Comp. L. 243 (2002).
Clermont, Kevin, “Standards of Proof Revisited,” 33 Vermont Law Rev. 469 (2009).
Commonwealth v. Wentzel, 61 A.2d 309 (1948).
Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958).
Cortec Mining Kenya Limited et al. v. Republic of Kenya, ICSID Case No. ARB/15/29, Award dated Oct. 22, 2018.
Council of Europe Civil Law Convention on Corruption, ETS No. 174, opened for signature Nov. 4, 1999, entered into force Nov. 1, 2003.
Council of Europe Criminal Law Convention on Corruption, ETS No. 173, opened for signature Jan. 27, 1999, entered into force July 1, 2002.
Crawford, James, State Responsibility: The General Part, Cambridge University Press (2013).
Cremades, Bernardo, “Corruption in Investment Arbitration,” in Global Reflections on International Law, Commerce and Dispute Resolution: Liber Amicorum Robert Briner, Gerald Aksen (ed.), 2005.
Dadras Int’l Islamic Republic of Iran, Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal, Award dated Nov. 7, 1995, Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal Reports (2001).
David Minnotte and Robert Lewis v. Republic of Poland, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/10/1, Award dated May 16, 2014.
Davies, Dr. Chris, The ‘Comfortable Satisfaction Standard of Proof: Applied by the Court of Arbitration For Sport in Drug-Related Cases, UNDALR (2002).
Desert Line Projects LLC v. The Republic of Yemen, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/17, Award dated Feb. 6, 2008.
Djanic, Vladislav, “In Newly Unearthed Uzbekistan Ruling, Exorbitant Fees Promised To Consultants On Eve Of Tender Process Are Viewed By Tribunal As Evidence Of Corruption, Leading To Dismissal Of All Claims Under Dutch BIT,” IA Reporter, June 22, 2017.
Doe and another v. Skegg and another, EWHC 3746 (2006) (Ch).
Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (Nov. 2001).
ECE Projektmanagement International GmbH and Kommanditgesellschaft PANTA Achtundsechzigste Grundstücksgesellschaft mbH & Co v. Czech Republic, PCA Case No. 2010-5, Award dated Sept. 19, 2013.
Economic Community of West African States Protocol on the Fight against Corruption, opened for signature Dec. 21, 2001, available at https://eos.cartercenter.org/uploads/document_file/path/406/ECOWAS_Protocol_on_Corruption.pdf (last accessed Apr. 15, 2019).
EDF (Services) Limited v. Romania, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/16, Award dated Oct. 8, 2009.
English Arbitration Act of 1996.
Europe Cement Investment & Trade S.A. v. Republic of Turkey, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/07/2, Award dated Aug. 13, 2009.
European Commission, Migration and Home Affairs, “Corruption,” available at https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/organized-crime-and-human-trafficking/corruption_en (last accessed Apr. 15, 2019).
European Union Convention against Corruption involving Officials, adopted May 26, 1997, entered into force Sept. 28, 2005, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:l33027 (last accessed Apr. 15, 2019).
Evidence Act 1995 § 140 (Cth and NSW).
Explanatory Notes to UK Bribery Act of 2010.
FC Metalist et. al. v. FFU, CAS 2010/A/2267.
FK Pobeda et al. v. UEFA, CAS 2009/A/1920.
“Former Uzbek Government Official and Uzbek Telecommunications Executive Charged in Bribery and Money Laundering Scheme Involving the Payment of Nearly $1 Billion in Bribes,” U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Press Release dated Mar. 7, 2019.
Fraport AG Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide v. Republic of the Philippines, ICSID Case No. ARB/11/12, Award dated Dec. 10, 2014.
Fraport AG Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide v. Republic of the Philippines, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/25, Award dated Aug. 16, 2007.
F-W Oil Interests, Inc. v. Republic of Trinidad & Tobago, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/14, Award dated Mar. 3, 2006.
Geneva Code of Civil Procedure.
Greenwald, Brody K., “The Viability of Corruption Defenses in Investment Arbitration When the State Does Not Prosecute,” Blog of the European Journal of International Law dated Apr. 15, 2015, available at https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-viability-of-corruption-defenses-in-investment-arbitration-when-the-state-does-not-prosecute/ (last accessed Apr. 15, 2019).
Gustav FW Hamester GmbH & Co. KG v. Republic of Ghana, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/24, Award dated June 18, 2010.
H&H Enterprises Investments, Inc. v. Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/09/15, Excerpts of Award dated May 6, 2014.
Hwang, Michael and Lim, Kevin, “Corruption in Arbitration—Law and Reality,” Asian International Arbitration Journal, Kluwer Law International 2012, Vol. 8, Issue 1.
ICC Award No. 3916 of 1982, Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 1974–1985.
ICC Case No. 1110, Award of 1963, YCA 1996.
ICC Case No. 12990, Award dated Dec. 2005, ICC Bulletin (Supplement) 24 (2013).
ICC Case No. 13384, Award dated Dec. 2005, ICC Bulletin (Supplement) 24 (2013).
ICC Case No. 13515, Award dated Apr. 2006, ICC Bulletin (Supplement) 24 (2013).
ICC Case No. 13914, Final Award dated Mar. 2008, 24 ICC Bulleting (Supplement) 77 (2013).
ICC Case No. 3916, Award of 1982, Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards 1974–1985 (Jarvin, Sigvard & Derains, Yves eds. 1990).
ICC Case No. 6497, Award of 1994, Yearbook of Commercial Arbitration 24a (1999).
ICC Case No. 8891, Award of 1998, Journal du Droit International 4 (2000).
ICC Commission on Corporate Responsibility and Anti-corruption, ICC Guidelines on Agents, Intermediaries and Other Third Parties (2010).
ICC International Corporate Integrity Handbook: Fighting Corruption (Fritz Heimann and Francois Vincke, eds., 2008).
ICSID Arbitration Rules.
ICSID Convention.
ILC Commentary to the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (2001).
In re Doherty [2008] UKHL 33.
In re Mobile TeleSystems PJSC, File No. 3-19022, SEC, Order Instituting Cease-and-Desist Proceedings dated Mar. 6, 2019.
Inceysa Vallisoletana, S.L. v. Republic of El Salvador, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/26, Award dated Aug. 2, 2006.
Inter-American Convention Against Corruption (B-58), adopted Mar. 29, 1996, entered into force Mar. 6, 1997.
International Anti-Corruption Resource Center, Guide to Combatting Corruption & Fraud in Development Projects, available at https://guide.iacrc.org/potential-scheme-bribes-and-kickbacks/ (last accessed Apr. 15, 2019).
Ioan Micula, Viorel Micula, SC European Food SA, SC Starmill SRL and SC Multipack SRL v. Romania, ICSID Case No ARB/05/20, Decision on Jurisdiction and Admissibility dated Sept. 24, 2008.
Ioannis Kardassopoulos and Ron Fuchs v. The Republic of Georgia, ICSID Cases Nos. ARB/05/18 and ARB/07/15, Award dated Mar. 3, 2010.
Iran-United States Claims Tribunal Rules of Procedure dated 1983.
Jan Oostergetel and Theodora Laurentius v. The Slovak Republic, UNCITRAL, Final Award dated Apr. 23, 2012.
Jones, Tom, “Egypt Seeks to Annul Award Over Approach to Corruption ‘Red Flags,’” Global Arbitration Review dated Jan. 11, 2019.
Karkey Karadeniz Elektrik Uretim A.S. v. Islamic Republic of Pakistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/13/1, Award dated Aug. 22, 2017.
Kenya Airports Authority v. World Duty Free Co. Ltd., High Court of Kenya, Misc. Application No. 67 of 2013, Ruling dated Oct. 5, 2018.
Khan Resources Inc., Khan Resources B.V. and CAUC Holding Company Ltd. v. Government of Mongolia, UNCITRAL, Decision on Jurisdiction dated July 25, 2012.
Lamm, Carolyn B., Greenwald, Brody K., and Young, Kristen M., “From World Duty Free to Metal-Tech: A Review of International Investment Treaty Arbitration Cases Involving Allegations of Corruption,” ICSID Review, Vol. 29, No. 2 (2014).
Libananco Holdings Co. Ltd. v. Republic of Turkey, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/8, Award dated Sept. 2, 2011.
Lim, Kevin, “Upholding Corrupt Investors’ Claims against Complicit or Compliant Host States—Where Angels Should Not Fear to Tread,” Yearbook on International Investment Law and Policy 2011–2012 (2013).
Liman Caspian Oil BV and NCL Dutch Investment BV v. Republic of Kazakhstan, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/14, Excerpts of Award dated June 22, 2010.
Llamzon, Aloysius P. and Sinclair, Anthony, “Investor Wrongdoing in Investment Arbitration: Standards Governing Issues of Corruption, Fraud, Misrepresentation and Other Investor Misconduct,” in Albert J. van den Berg, Legitimacy: Myths, Realities, Challenges, 2015.
Llamzon, Aloysius P., “On Corruption’s Peremptory Treatment in International Arbitration: State Responsibility, Unclean Hands, and the Return of Corruption as a Jurisdictional Issue,” in Addressing Issues of Corruption in Commercial Investment Arbitration (International Chamber of Commerce ed., 2014).
Llamzon, Aloysius P., “State Responsibility for Corruption: The Attribution Asymmetry in International Investment Arbitration,” Transnational Dispute Management, Vol. 10, Issue 3.
Malek, Hodge, Auburn, Jonathan, and Bagshaw, Roderick, Phipson on Evidence (17th ed. 2009).
Marvin Roy Feldman Karpa v. United Mexican States, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/99/1, Award dated Dec. 16, 2002.
Mayanja, Sowed Juma, “Circumstantial Evidence and Its Admissibility in Criminal Proceedings: A Comparative Analysis of the Common Law and Islamic Law Systems,” 67 J.L. Pol’y &Globalization 26 (2017).
Menaker, Andrea J. and Greenwald, Brody K., “Proving Corruption in International Arbitration: Who Has the Burden and How Can it Be Met?,” in Addressing Issues of Corruption in Commercial Investment Arbitration (International Chamber of Commerce ed., 2014).
Metal-Tech Ltd. v. The Republic of Uzbekistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/10/3, Award dated Oct. 4, 2013.
Middle East Cement Shipping and Handling Co. S.A. v. Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/99/6, Award dated Apr. 12, 2002.
Moses, Margaret, The Principles and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration (2nd ed. 2012).
Mourre, Alexis, “Arbitration in Criminal Law: Reflections on the Duties of the Arbitrator,” Arbitration International 22:1 dated 2006.
Mr. Saba Fakes v. Republic of Turkey, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/20, Award dated July 14, 2010.
Muchlinski, Peter, Ortino, Federico and Schreuer, Christoph, The Oxford Handbook of International Investment Law (2008), Oxford University Press.
Neat Holdings Pty Ltd v. Karajan Holdings Pty Ltd. (1992) 67 ALJR 170.
Niko Resources (Bangladesh) Ltd. v. People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration & Production Company Limited, and Bangladesh Oil Gas and Mineral Corporation, ICSID Cases Nos. ARB/10/11 and ARB/10/18, Decision on Jurisdiction dated Aug. 19, 2013.
O’Malley, Nathan D., Rules of Evidence in International Arbitration: an Annotated Guide (2012).
Olympiakos Volou FC v. UEFA, CAS 2011/A/2528.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, adopted Dec. 17, 1997, entered into force Feb. 15, 1999.
Oriekhov v. Union des Associations Européennes de Football (UEFA), CAS 2010/A/2172, Award dated Jan. 18, 2011.
Oxus Gold v. The Republic of Uzbekistan, UNCITRAL, Final Award dated Dec. 17, 2015.
Pan American v. Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/04/8, Decision on Preliminary Objections dated July 27, 2006.
Peterson, Luke E., “Argentina and Siemens Ask Annulment Panel to Suspend Proceedings, So Original Arbitrators Can Look at Bribes Evidence,” IA Reporter, July 28, 2008.
Peterson, Luke Eric and Djanic, Vladislav, “In an Innovative Award, Arbitrators Pressure Uzbekistan—Under Threat of Adverse Cost Order—to Donate to UN Anti-Corruption Initiative; Also Propose Future Treaty-Drafting Changes That Would Penalize States for Corruption,” IA Reporter, June 22, 2017.
Phoenix Action, Ltd. v. The Czech Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/5, Award dated Apr. 15, 2009.
Pieth, Mark, “Contractual Freedom v. Public Policy Considerations in Arbitration,” in Private Law, National-Global-Comparative, Büchler, Müller-Chen, (eds.), 2011.
Plama Consortium Ltd. v. Republic of Bulgaria, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/24, Award dated Aug. 27, 2008.
Pope & Talbot Inc. v. Government of Canada, NAFTA, UNCITRAL, Interim Award dated June 26, 2000.
Pulp Mills (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgment, ICJ Reports 2010.
R. v. Taylor (1928) 21 cr. App R 20.
Rachel S. Grynberg, Stephen M. Grynberg, Miriam Z. Grynberg, and RSM Production Corp. v. Grenada, ICSID Case No. ARB/10/6, Award dated Dec. 10, 2010.
Re H (Minors) [1996] AC 563.
Rompetrol Group N.V. v. Romania, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/3, Award dated May 6, 2013.
Rosenthal, John Terrence A. and Alter, Robert T., “Clear and Convincing to Whom? The False Claims Act And Its Burden of Proof Standard: Why the Government Needs a Big Stick,” 75 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1409 (2000).
Ross, Alison, “Fortier takes lead in development bank’s corruption battle,” Global Arbitration Review dated Sept. 20, 2016, available at https://globalarbitrationreview.com/article/1068603/fortier-takes-lead-in-development-bank%E2%80%99s-corruption-battle (last accessed Apr. 15, 2019).
RSM Production Corp. v. Grenada, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/14, Award dated Mar. 13, 2009.
Rumeli Telekom A.S. and Telsim Mobil Telekomunikasyon Hizmetleir A.S. v. Republic of Kazakhstan, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/16, Award dated July 29, 2008.
Saipem S.p.A. v. The People’s Republic of Bangladesh, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/7, Award dated June 30, 2009.
Sandifer, Durward V., Evidence Before International Tribunals (1975).
SAUR International S.A. v. Republic of Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/04/4, Decision on Jurisdiction and Liability dated June 6, 2012.
Schweizer, Mark, “The Civil Standard of Proof—What Is It, Actually?” Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods (2013).
Secretary of State for the Home Department v. Rehman (AP) [2001] UKHL 47.
Securities & Exchange Commission v. VimpelCom Ltd., Civil Case No. 16-cv-1266-VM, S.D.N.Y., Final Judgment dated Feb. 22, 2016.
South African Development Community Protocol against Corruption, adopted Aug. 14, 2001, entered into force Aug. 6, 2003.
State v. Butler, 94 N.E. 457 (1949).
Stiglitz, Joseph E. and Pieth, Mark, Overcoming the Shadow Economy, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (Nov. 2016).
Stockholm District Court, Section 4, Goal no. B 12201-17, B 12203-17, Judgment dated Feb. 15, 2019.
Sufficiency of Circumstantial Evidence in a Criminal Case, 55 Col. L. Rev. 549 (1955).
Swiss Federal Criminal Court, R.R.2013.205 + R.R.2013.206, Decision dated Nov. 5, 2013.
Swiss Federal Criminal Court, SK.2014.24, Decision dated Oct. 1, 2014 against Riadh Ben Aïssa.
Tapper and Colin, Cross and Tapper on Evidence 121 (12th ed. 2010).
The OECD Convention on Bribery: A Commentary, edited by Mark Pieth, et al, 2nd ed., 2014.
The Republic of Croatia v. MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas PLC, PCA Case No. 2014–15, UNCITRAL, Final Award dated Dec. 23, 2016.
Tokios Tokelės v. Ukraine, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/18, Award dated July 26, 2007.
Tomka, Peter and Proulx, Vincent-Joel, The Evidentiary Practice of the World Court, National University of Singapore, Working Paper 2015/010, Dec. 2015.
Tradex Hellas S.A. v. Republic of Albania, ICSID Case No. ARB/94/2, Award dated Apr. 29, 1999.
Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index 2017 dated Feb. 21, 2018, available at https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2017 (last accessed Apr. 15, 2019).
Transparency International, Global Corruption Barometer dated Nov. 14, 2017, available at https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/global_corruption_barometer_citizens_voices_from_around_the_world (last accessed Apr. 15, 2019).
Tza Yap Shum v. Republic of Peru, ICSID Case No ARB/07/6, Award dated July 7, 2011.
U.N. Security Council 8346th Meeting, SC/13493 dated Sept. 10, 2018, “Global Cost of Corruption at Least 5 Per Cent of World Gross Domestic Product, Secretary-General Tells Security Council, Citing World Economic Forum Data,” available at https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sc13493.doc.htm (last accessed Apr. 25, 2019).
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs, “Former Siemens Executive Pleads Guilty to Role in $100 Million Foreign Bribery Scheme,” Mar. 15, 2018.
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, “SEC Charges Siemens AG for Engaging in Worldwide Bribery,” Dec. 15, 2008.
U.S. v. VimpelCom and Unitel, Deferred Prosecution Agreement dated Feb. 22, 2016.
UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (2013).
UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (1985, amended in 2006).
UNCITRAL Notes on Organizing Arbitral Proceedings.
Unglaube v. Republic of Costa Rica, ICSID Case No. ARB/08/1, Award dated May 16, 2012.
Union Fenosa Gas, S.A. v. Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/14/4, Award dated Aug. 31, 2018.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland v. Albania (Corfu Channel), ICJ, Judgment dated Apr. 9, 1949.
United Nations Convention Against Corruption, Resolution 58/4, adopted Oct. 31, 2003 by the UN General Assembly, entered into force Dec. 14, 2005.
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto, Resolution 55/25, adopted Nov. 15, 2000, entered into force Sept. 29, 2003.
United Nations Handbook on Practical Anti-Corruption Measures for Prosecutors and Investigators (Sept. 2004).
United States of America v. Karimova, Criminal Case No. 19-cr-00165-KMW, S.D.N.Y., Indictment dated Mar. 7, 2019.
United States of America v. Mobile TeleSystems PJSC, Criminal Case No. 19-cr-00167-JPO, S.D.N.Y./, Criminal Information dated Mar. 6, 2019.
United States of America v. Siemens S.A. (Argentina), District Court for the District of Columbia, Criminal Case No. 08-368-RJL, Statement of Offense dated Dec. 15, 2008.
United States of America v. Telia Company AB, Criminal Case No. 1:17-cr-00581-GBD, S.D.N.Y., Criminal Information dated Sept. 21, 2017, Deferred Prosecution Agreement dated Sept. 21, 2017.
United States of America v. Unitel, Criminal Case No. 16-cr-137-ER, S.D.N.Y., Criminal Judgment dated Feb. 26, 2016.
United States of America v. VimpelCom Ltd. and Unitel, Criminal Case No. 16-cr-137-ER, S.D.N.Y., Court Transcript dated Feb. 18, 2016.
United States of America v. VimpelCom Ltd. and Unitel, Criminal Case No. 16-cr-137-ER, S.D.N.Y., Agreement dated Feb. 22, 2016.
United States of America v. VimpelCom Ltd. and Unitel, Criminal Case No. 16-cr-137-ER, S.D.N.Y., Deferred Prosecution Agreement dated Feb. 22, 2016.
United States Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual dated Nov. 1, 2015.
United States v. Johns, 26 Fed Cas. 616 No. 15481, C.C. Pa. 1806.
United States v. Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, District Court for the District of Columbia, Criminal Case No. CR-08-367-RJL, Plea Agreement Letter dated Dec. 15, 2008.
van Houtte, Vera, “Adverse Inferences in International Arbitration,” in Written Evidence and Discovery in International Arbitration: New Issues and Tendencies, Teresa Giovannini and Alexis Mourre (eds) dated 2009.
Vladislav Kim and others v. Republic of Uzbekistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/13/6, Decision on Jurisdiction dated Mar. 8, 2017.
von Wobeser, Claus, “The Corruption Defense and Preserving the Rule of Law,” in International Arbitration and the Rule of Law: Contribution and Conformity Commentary 2017.
Waguih George Siag and Clorinda Vecchi v. The Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/15, Award dated June 1, 2009.
Waste Management v. Mexico, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/00/3, Procedural Order Concerning Disclosure of Documents dated Oct. 1, 2002.
Wena Hotels Ltd. v. Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/98/4, Award dated Dec. 8, 2000.
Williams, C.R., “Burdens and Standards in Civil Litigation,” 25 Sydney L. Rev. 165 (2003).
Woolf Committee, “Business Ethics, Global Companies and the Defence Industry” (May 2008).
World Duty Free Co. Ltd. v. The Republic of Kenya, ICSID Case No. ARB/00/7, Award dated Oct. 4, 2006.
Yukos Universal Limited (Isle of Man) v. The Russian Federation, PCA Case No. AA 227, Final Award dated July 18, 2014.
Ziadé, Nassib G., “Accountability for Corruption in Investment Arbitration: Equitable Remedies for Findings of Illegality,” in BCDR International Arbitration Review, Kluwer Law International 2016, Volume 3, Issue 2, Nassib G. Ziadé (ed).
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1272 | 332 | 24 |
Full Text Views | 157 | 21 | 2 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 257 | 56 | 4 |
In Addressing Corruption Allegations in International Arbitration, Brody K. Greenwald and Jennifer A. Ivers provide a comprehensive overview of the key issues that arise in international arbitrations involving allegations of corruption drawing upon their significant experience in these high-stakes cases, including in the only two reported investment treaty cases dismissed specifically as a result of corruption. Their monograph is a valuable resource guide that analyzes, among other things, the public policy against corruption, the requirements for establishing corruption, issues relating to the burden and standard of proof, how corruption has been proved in practice, and the legal consequences where corruption is established. Mr. Greenwald and Ms. Ivers also assess issues that arise where a sovereign State raises an arbitration defense based on alleged corruption, but does not prosecute the alleged wrongdoers in its domestic courts.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1272 | 332 | 24 |
Full Text Views | 157 | 21 | 2 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 257 | 56 | 4 |