Mythic Imagination Today
The Interpenetration of Mythology and Science
In: Brill Research Perspectives in Popular CultureSearch for other papers by Terry Marks-Tarlow in
Current site
Google Scholar
Abstract
Mythic Imagination Today is an illustrated guide to the interpenetration of mythology and science throughout the ages. This publication brings alive our collective need for story to guide the rules, roles, and relationships of everyday life. Whereas mythology is born primarily of perception and imagination, science emerges from systematic observation and experimentation. Both disciplines arise from endless curiosity about the workings of the Universe combined with creative urges to transform inner and outer worlds. Both disciplines are located within open neural wiring that gives rise to uniquely human capacities for learning, memory, and metaphor. Explored are the origins of story within the social brain; mythmakers and myths from multiple cultures; and how contemporary sciences of chaos and complexity theories and fractal geometry dovetail with ancient wisdom. The ancient Greek myth of Psyche and Eros is unpacked in detail—origins of the very concepts of ‘psyche’ and ‘psychology’.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Abraham, R. (1994). Chaos, Gaia, Eros: The Orphic trinity in myth and science. San Francisco, CA: Harper.
-
Abraham, R. & Shaw, C. (1992). Dynamics, the geometry of behavior, 2nd Ed. New York, NY: Basic Books.
-
Aftanas, L., Lotova, N., Koshkarov, V., & Popov, S. (1998). Non-linear dynamical coupling between different brain areas during evoked emotions: An EEG investigation. Biological Psychology, 48, 121–138.
-
Babiloni, F., & Astolfi, L. (2014). Social neuroscience and hyperscanning techniques: Past, present and future. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 44, 76–93.
-
Bassingthwaighte, J. B., Liebovitch, L. S., & West, B. J. (2013). Fractal physiology. New York, NY: Springer.
-
Ball, P. (2018). Quantum physics may be even spookier than you think. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/quantum-physics-may-be-even-spookier-than-you-think/.
-
Balter, M. (2009). On the origin of art and symbolism. Science, 323(5915), 709–711.
-
Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype-activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 230–244.
-
Barnsley, M. (1993). Fractals everywhere. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann.
-
Bekhtereva, N., Starchenko, G., Klyucharev, V., Vorob’ev, V., Pakhomov, S. & Medvedev, S. (2000). Study of the brain organization of creativity: II. Positron-Emission Tomography data, Human Physiology, 26, 5, 12–18.
-
Bekhtereva, N., Dan’ko, S., Starchenko, M., Pakhomov, S., & Medvedev, S. (2004). Study of the brain organization of creativity: III. Brain activation assessed by the local cerebral blood flow and EEG, Human Physiology, 27, 4, 390–397.
-
Bekoff, M. & Pierce, J. (2009). Wild justice: The moral lives of animals. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
-
Bion, W. (1983). Elements of psycho-analysis. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
-
Bouten, S., Pantecouteau, H., & Debruille, J. B. (2014). Finding indexes of spontaneous brain-to-brain communications when looking for a cause of the similarity of qualia assumed across individuals. F1000Research, 3.
-
Bronfman, Z. Z., Ginsburg, S., & Jablonka, E. (2016). The transition to minimal consciousness through the evolution of associative learning. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1954.
-
Brothers, L. (1990). The social brain: A project for integrating primate behavior and neurophysiology in a new domain. Concepts in Neuroscience, 1, 27–51.
-
Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
-
Buckner, R. L., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Schacter, D. L. (2008). The brain’s default network: Anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1124(1), 1–38.
-
Buzsáki, G. (2006). Rhythms of the brain. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
-
Caldecott, S. (2009). Beauty for truth’s sake: On the re-enchantment of education. Ada, MI: Brazos Press.
-
Campbell, J. (1949/2008). Hero with a thousand faces (3rd edition). Novato, CA: New World Library.
-
Carlsson, I., Wendt, P. & Risberg, J. (2000). On the neurobiology of creativity: Differences in frontal activity between high and low creative subjects, Neuropsychologia, 38, 6, 873–875.
-
Cassirer, E. (1946). Language and myth. New York, NY: Dover.
-
Castelvecchi, D. (2018). Nature, 7724, 446–447.
-
Chatwin, B. (1987). Songlines. New York, NY: Penguin Press.
-
Chan, A. & Siegel, D. J. (2018). Play and the default mode network. In Marks-Tarlow, T., Solomon, M., & Siegel, D. J. (Eds.). Play & creativity in psychotherapy (pp. 39–63). New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
-
Cichy, R. M., Heinzle, J., & Haynes, J. D. (2011). Imagery and perception share cortical representations of content and location. Cerebral Cortex, 22(2), 372–380.
-
Claxton, G. (1997). Hare brain, tortoise mind: How intelligence increases when you think less. New York, NY: Ecco Press.
-
Cohn, J. F., & Tronick, E. Z. (1988). Mother-infant face-to-face interaction: Influence is bidirectional and unrelated to periodic cycles in either partner’s behavior. Developmental Psychology, 24(3), 386–392.
-
Combs, A. & Holland (1990). Synchronicity: Science, myth, and the trickster. New York, NY: Paragon House.
-
Conway, M. A., Anderson, S. J., Steen, F. L., & Donnelly, C. M. (1994). The formation of flashbulb memories. Memory and Cognition, 22, 326–343.
-
Cook, F. (1977). Hua-yen Buddhism: The jewel net of Indra. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
-
Corkin, S. (2013). Permanent present tense: The unforgettable life of the amnesic patient, H. M. New York, NY: Basic Books.
-
Cozolino, L. (2017). The neuroscience of psychotherapy: Attachment and healing the social brain (3rd edition). New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
-
Crick, F., & Mitchison, G. (1995). REM sleep and neural nets. Behavioural Brain Research, 69(1–2), 147–155.
-
Cron, L. (2012). Wired for story: The writer’s guide to using brain science to hook readers from the very first sentence. New York, NY: Ten Speed Press.
-
Cytowic, R. (2018). Synesthesia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
-
Damasio, A. (2012). Self comes to mind: Constructing the conscious brain. New York, NY: Vintage.
-
Danesi, M. (2009). X-Rated: The power of mythic symbolism in popular culture. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
-
De Vries, A. (1984). Dictionary of symbols and imagery. London, UK: Elsevier Science.
-
Draiisma, D. (2000). Metaphors of memory: A history of ideas about the mind. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
-
Dumas, G., Nadel, J., Soussignan, R., Martinerie, J., & Garnero, L. (2010). Inter-brain synchronization during social interaction. PloS one, 5(8), e12166.
-
Dumas, G., Lachat, F., Martinerie, J., Nadel, J., & George, N. (2011). From social behaviour to brain synchronization: Review and perspectives in hyperscanning. Irbm, 32(1), 48-53.
-
Dunne, C. (2000). Carl Jung—Wounded healer of the soul. New York, NY: Parabola Books.
-
Edelman, G. M. (1992). Bright air, brilliant fire: On the matter of mind. New York, NY: Basic Books.
-
Edinger, E. (1999). Individuation: A myth for modern man. Psychological Perspectives, 39, 19–35.
-
Eigen, M. (1999). Toxic nourishment. London, UK: Karnac Books.
-
Einstein, A. & Infeld (1938). The evolution of physics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
-
Eliade, M. (2005). The myth of the eternal return: Cosmos and history (Vol. 46). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
-
Feinberg, T. E., & Mallatt, J. (2013). The evolutionary and genetic origins of consciousness in the Cambrian Period over 500 million years ago. Frontiers in psychology, 4, 667.
-
Feldman, R., Magori-Cohen, R., Galili, G., Singer, M., & Louzoun, Y. (2011). Mother and infant coordinate heart rhythms through episodes of interaction synchrony. Infant Behavior and Development, 34(4), 569–577.
-
Foer, J. (2011). Moonwalking with Einstein: The art and science of remembering everything. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
-
Frankl, V. (1978). The unheard cry for meaning. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
-
Frankl, V. (1992). Man’s search for meaning. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
-
Galway-Witham, J. & Stringer, C. (2018). How did Homo sapiens evolve? Science 22, 360(6395), 1296–1298.
-
Gardner, M. (1990). The annotated Alice. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
-
Garfinkel, A., Spano, M. L., Ditto, W. L., & Weiss, J. N. (1992). Controlling cardiac chaos. Science, 257(5074), 1230–1235.
-
Gerson, S. (2004). The relational unconscious: A core element of intersubjectivity, thirdness, and clinical process. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 73(1), 63–98.
-
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
-
Gilligan, C. (2002). The birth of pleasure: A new map of love. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
-
Gleick, J. (2011). Chaos: Making a new science. New York, NY: Open Road Media.
-
Goldstein, R. (2014). Superman is Jewish: The Hebrew roots of America’s greatest superhero. https://www.thedailybeast.com/superman-is-jewish-the-hebrew-roots-of-americas-greatest-superhero.
-
Gould, S. J. (1997). Nonoverlapping magisterial. Natural History, 106, 16–22.
-
Greer, J. M. (2007). Atlantis: Ancient legacy, hidden prophesy. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications.
-
Harari, Y. N. (2014). Sapiens: A brief history of humankind. New York, NY: Random House.
-
Henricks, T. S. (2006). Play reconsidered: Sociological perspectives on human epression. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
-
Hayles, N. (1990). Chaos bound: Orderly disorder in contemporary literature and science. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
-
Iyengar, B. K. S. (2006). Light on life: The yoga journey to wholeness, inner peace, and ultimate freedom. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Books.
-
Jackson, W. (2004). Heaven’s fractal net: Retrieving lost visions in the humanities. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
-
Jaffe, A. (1970). The myth of meaning in the work of C. J. Jung. London, UK: Hodden & Stoughton.
-
Jaffe, F., Beebe, B., Feldstein, S., Crown, C. L., & Jasnow, M. D. (2001). Rhythms of dialogue in infancy. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 66 (2, Serial No. 265).
-
Johnson, R. (1976). She: Understanding feminine psychology. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
-
Jung, C. G. (1960). Collected Works, Volume 8: The structure and dynamics of the psyche. London, UK: Routledge.
-
Jung-Beeman, J., Bowden, E., Haberman, J., Frymiare, J., Arambel-Liu, S., Greenblatt, R., Reber, P., & Kounios, J. (2004). Neural activity when people solve verbal problems with insight, PLoS Biology, 2, 4, 500–510.
-
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
-
Kaye, K., & Fogel, A. (1980). The temporal structure of face-to-face communication between mothers and infants. Developmental Psychology, 16(5), 454.
-
King, D. & Delffabro, P. (2018). Internet gaming disorder: Theory, assessment, treatment, and prevention. London, UK: Academic Press.
-
Koch, C. (2009). A theory of consciousness. Scientific American Mind, 20(4), 16–19.
-
Korzybski, A. (2004). Science and sanity: An introduction to non-Aristotelian systems and general semantics, 5th edition. International Non-Aristotelian Library. Englewood, NJ: Institute of General Semantics.
-
Kristiansen, K. (2012). Rock art and religion: The sun journey in Indo-European mythology and Bronze Age rock art. Adoranten, 69–84.
-
Kuhn, T. (2012/1962). The structure of scientific revolutions: 50th anniversary edition. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
-
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
-
LeDoux, J. (2003). The emotional brain, fear, and the amygdala. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 23(4–5), 727–738.
-
Lehoux, D. (2007). Astronomy, weather, and calendars in the ancient world: Parapegmata and related rexts in classical and near-Eastern societies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
-
Li, T. & Yorke, J. (1975). Period three implies chaos. The American Mathematical Monthly, 82, 10, 985–992.
-
Libet, B. & Kosslyn, S. (2004). Mind time: Temporal perspectives in consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
-
Liu, T. & Pelowski, M., (2014). Clarifying the interaction types in two-person neuroscience research. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8(276). Doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00276.
-
Liebovitch, L. (1998). Fractals and chaos simplified for the life sciences. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
-
Lovelock, J. (1979/2000). Gaia: A new look at life on earth. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
-
MacLean, P. (1990). The triune brain in evolution: Role in paleocerebral functioning. New York, NY: Springer.
-
Mandelbrot, B. (1967). How long is the coast of Britain? Statistical self-similarity and fractional dimension. Science, 156(3775), 636–638.
-
Mandelbrot, B. B. (1982). The fractal geometry of nature (Vol. 2). New York, NY: WH freeman.
-
Marks-Tarlow, T. (1999). The self as a dynamical system. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 3(4), 311–345.
-
Marks-Tarlow, T. (2008) Psyche’s veil: Psychotherapy, fractals and complexity. New York, NY: Routledge.
-
Marks-Tarlow, T. (2010). The fractal self at play. American Journal of Play, 3(1), 31–62.
-
Marks-Tarlow, T. (2011). Merging and emerging: A nonlinear portrait of intersubjectivity during psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 21(1), 110–127.
-
Marks-Tarlow, T. (2012). Clinical intuition in psychotherapy: The neurobiology of embodied response. New York, NY: Norton.
-
Marks-Tarlow, T. (2013). The certainty of uncertainty. Psychological Perspectives, 45, 118–130.
-
Marks-Tarlow, T. (2014). Awakening clinical intuition. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
-
Marks-Tarlow, T. (2018). Fractal entanglement between observer and observed. Journal of Semiotics and Visual Rhetoric, 2(1), 1–14.
-
Marks-Tarlow, T. & Shapiro, Y. (in press). Synchrony, acausal connection, and the fractal dynamics of clinical practice. Psychoanalytic Dialogues.
-
Marks-Tarlow, T., Robertson, R., & Combs, A. (2002). Varela and Uroborus: The psychological significance of reentry. Cybernetics & Human Knowing, 9(2), 31–47.
-
Marks-Tarlow, T., Shapiro, Y., Wolf, K., & Friedman, H. (2020). A fractal epistemology for a scientific psychology: Bridging the personal with the transpersonal. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars.
-
May, R. (1975). The courage to create. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
-
McGilchrist, I. (2009). The master and his emissary: The divided brain and the making of the Western world. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
-
McGilchrist, I. (2019, January 15). How our brains make the world. American Enterprise Institute. https://www.aei.org/research-products/report/how-our-brains-make-the-world/.
-
Metzinger, T. (2018). Are you sleepwalking now? Aeon, 22, January. https://aeon.co/essays/are-you-sleepwalking-now-what-we-know-about-mind-wandering.
-
Miyagawa, S., Lesure, C., & Nóbrega, V. A. (2018). Cross-modality information transfer: A hypothesis about the relationship among prehistoric cave paintings, symbolic thinking, and the emergence of language. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 115.
-
Nabokov, V. (2012). Speak, memory: An autobiography revisited. London, UK: Penguin.
-
Nagel, T. (1976). What is it like to be a bat? The Philosophical Review, 83(4), 435–450.
-
Neumann, E. (1954/2015). The origins and history of consciousness. London, UK: Routledge.
-
Neumann, E. (1956). The psyche and the transformation of the reality planes. Spring, 81–111.
-
Olesker, W. (1990). Sex differences during the early separation-individuation process: Implications for gender identity formation. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 38, 325–346.
-
Orsucci, F., & Sala, N. (Eds.) (2008). Developments in chaos and complexity research. New York, NY: Nova Science.
-
Orsucci, F., & Sala, N. (Eds.) (2012). Complexity science, living systems, and reflexing interfaces: New models and perspectives. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
-
Pagel, M. (2017). Q & A: What is human language, when did it evolve and why should we care? BMC biology, 15(1), 64–69.
-
Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
-
Patai, R. (1972). Myth and modern man. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
-
Peck, M. (2012). Prosthetics of the future: Driven by thoughts, powered by bodily fluids. Retrieved from http://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/biomedical/devices/prosthetics-of-the-future-driven-by-thoughts-powered-by-bodily-fluids.
-
Perry, B., Pollard, R., Blakley, T., Baker, W. & Vigilante, D. (1995). Childhood trauma, the neurobiology of adaptation, and use-dependent development of the brain: How states become traits. Infant Mental Health, 16, 4, 271–291.
-
Pesic, P. (1999). Wrestling with Proteus: Francis Bacon and the “torture” of nature. Isis, 90(1), 81–94.
-
Petsche, H. (1996). Approaches to verbal, visual and musical creativity by EEG coherence analysis. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 24, 1–2, 145–159.
-
Porges, S. (2011). The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
-
Razoumnikova, O. (2000). Functional organization of different brain areas during convergent and divergent thinking: an EEG investigation. Cognitive Brain Research, 10, 1–2, 11–18.
-
Safran, J. D. (2006). The relational unconscious, the enchanted interior, and the return of the repressed. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 42(3), 393–412.
-
Schore, A. (1997). A century after Freud’s project: Is a rapprochement between psychoanalysis and neurobiology at hand? Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 45, 3, 807–840.
-
Schore, A. N. (2012). The science of the art of psychotherapy. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
-
Schore, A. N. & Marks-Tarlow, T. (2018). How love opens creativity, play, and the arts through early right-brain development. In Marks-Tarlow, T., Solomon, M., & Siegel, D. J. (Eds.) Play & Creativity in Psychotherapy (pp. 64–91). New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
-
Schroeder, M. (1991). Fractals, chaos, power laws. New York, NY: Freeman.
-
Seuss, Random House (Firm), & Beginner Books. (1958). The cat in the hat comes back! (Vol. 2). New York, NY: Random House Books for Young Readers.
-
Shanley, W. (Ed.). (2011). Alice and the quantum cat. Pari, Italy: Pari Publishing.
-
Shapiro, Y., & Gabbard, G. O. (1994). A reconsideration of altruism from an evolutionary and psychodynamic perspective. Ethics & Behavior, 4(1), 23–42.
-
Shepherd, L. (1993). Lifting the veil: The feminine face of science. Boston, MA: Shambhala.
-
Shlain, L. (1999). The alphabet versus the goddess: The conflict between word and image. New York, NY: Penguin.
-
Siegel, D. J. (2020). The developing mind, third edition: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
-
Singer, D. G. & Revenson, T. A. (1996). A Piaget primer: How a child thinks. New York, NY: Plume Books.
-
Sonnenschein, D. (2001). Sound design: The expressive power of music, voice, and sound effects in cinema. Studio City, CA: Michael Wise Productions.
-
Spencer-Brown, G. (1960). Laws of form. New York, NY: Julian Press.
-
Stern, D. (1985). The interpersonal world of the infant. New York, NY: Basic Books.
-
Tammet, D. (2006). Born on a blue day: Inside the extraordinary mind of an autistic savant. New York, NY: Free Press.
-
Tobias, D. & Mazur, B. (2007). Number: The language of science. New York, NY: Plume/Penguin.
-
Tzu, L. (1997). Tao Te Ching. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Limited.
-
Van der Kolk, B. A., Burbridge, J. A., & Suzuki, J. (1997). The psychobiology of traumatic memory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 821(1), 99–113.
-
Varela, F. (1975). A calculus for self reference. International journal of general systems, 2(1), 5–24.
-
Varela, F. (1979). Principles of biological autonomy. New York, NY: North Holland.
-
Varela, F., Maturana, H. R. & R. Uribe (1974). Autopoiesis: The organization of living systems, its characterization and a model. BioSystems, 5(4), 187–196.
-
Vickery, J. B. (1966). Myth and literature: Contemporary theory and practice. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
-
von Franz, M. L. (1995). Patterns of creativity mirrored in creation myths. Thompson, CT: Spring Publications.
-
Vroom, H. M. (1996). No other Gods: Christian belief in dialogue with Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam by Mr. Hendrik M. Vroom. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
-
Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and reality. New York, NY: Tavistock/Routledge.
-
Wolstein, B. (1995). Five psychoanalytic metaphors of the therapist’s psyche in analysis and some related issues. Unpublished manuscript.
-
Wright, R. (2017). Why Buddhism is true: The science and philosophy of meditation and enlightenment. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
-
Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. New York, NY: Basic Books.
-
Zeddies, T. J. (2000). Within, outside, and in between: The relational unconscious. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 17(3), 467.
-
Zornberg, A. G. (2011). The beginning of desire: Reflections on Genesis. New York, NY: Schocken.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 631 | 112 | 21 |
| Full Text Views | 19 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 27 | 13 | 0 |
Mythic Imagination Today
The Interpenetration of Mythology and Science
In: Brill Research Perspectives in Popular CultureSearch for other papers by Terry Marks-Tarlow in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
Mythic Imagination Today is an illustrated guide to the interpenetration of mythology and science throughout the ages. This publication brings alive our collective need for story to guide the rules, roles, and relationships of everyday life. Whereas mythology is born primarily of perception and imagination, science emerges from systematic observation and experimentation. Both disciplines arise from endless curiosity about the workings of the Universe combined with creative urges to transform inner and outer worlds. Both disciplines are located within open neural wiring that gives rise to uniquely human capacities for learning, memory, and metaphor. Explored are the origins of story within the social brain; mythmakers and myths from multiple cultures; and how contemporary sciences of chaos and complexity theories and fractal geometry dovetail with ancient wisdom. The ancient Greek myth of Psyche and Eros is unpacked in detail—origins of the very concepts of ‘psyche’ and ‘psychology’.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 631 | 112 | 21 |
| Full Text Views | 19 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 27 | 13 | 0 |