The International Law Association Helsinki Rules
Contribution to International Water Law
In: Brill Research Perspectives in International Water LawAbstract
Although the International Law Association (ILA) was established in 1873, it only turned its attention to the internationally shared water resources in 1954, when its study of the applicable principles and rules of international law thereon began. The first ILA committee assigned to this task was the Rivers Committee, which, after a decade of intensive study and through several resolutions and statements, arrived unanimously at a set of articles reflecting customary international law, known as The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers.
The Helsinki Rules approved at the ILA Helsinki Conference in 1966 were soon widely accepted across the globe as a non-binding authoritative source of international water law. This monograph traces the work of ILA leading to the approval of the Helsinki Rules, analyses the Rules, and identifies their influence on, and contribution to the evolution of international water law.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
American Law Institute, Restatement of the Law on Torts Second § 850A Reasonableness of the Use of Water, Annex ‘Factors to Determine Reasonable Utilization’, Restatement of the Law Second, Torts (St. Paul, MN: American Law Institute Publishers, 1979).
-
Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee, Report of the 11th Session (Accra, 1970).
-
Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee, Report of the 12th Session (Colombo, 1971).
-
Ausness, R. C., ‘The Influence of the Model Water Code on Water Resources Management Policy in Florida’, 3:1 Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law (1987), 1–32.
-
Bagge, Judge A., ‘Draft Proposal of Rules to be Applied by Riparian States regarding the Uses of the Water in a Drainage Basin’, in ILA, Report of the 51st Conference (Tokyo, 1964), 203–214.
-
Baxter, R. R., ‘The Nile Basin’, in A. H. Garretson, R. D. Hayton & C. J. Olmstead (eds.), The Law of International Drainage Basins (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1967), 256–297.
-
Berber, F. J., ‘Some Methodological Considerations Concerning the Study on the Use of the Waters of International Rivers’, printed by ILA for Rivers Committee (1957), World Bank Group Archives Disclosure Authorized, Folder ID: 1787921.
-
Bogdanović, S., International Law of Water Resources: Contribution of the International Law Association (1954–2000) (London/The Hague/Boston: Kluwer Law International, 2001).
-
Bourne, C., ‘The International Law Association’s Contribution to International Water Resources Law’, 36 Natural Resources Journal (1996), 155–216, reprinted with an author’s up-date addendum, in S. Bogdanović, International Law of Water Resources: Contribution of the International Law Association (1954–2000) (London/The Hague/Boston: Kluwer Law International, 2001).
-
Bourne, C., International Water Law—Selected Writings of Professor Charles Bourne, ed. by P. Wouters (London/The Hague/Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1997).
-
Eagleton, C., ‘Diversion of Water in International Rivers: Preliminary Study Outline’, in ILA, Report of the 46th Conference (Edinburg, 1954).
-
Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (ECOSOC), ‘International Co- operation on Water Control and Utilization, Report of the UN Secretary-General under Council Resolution 346 (XII)’, ECOSOC Doc. E/2205, 25 April 1952.
-
Fortuin, H., ‘Report on Chapter Concerning Navigational Uses of International Rivers’, in ILA, Report of the 50th Conference (Brussels, 1962), 443–469.
-
Garner, B. A., Ed. in Chief, Black’s Law Dictionary, Seventh Edition (St. Paul, MN: West Group, 1999).
-
Hayton, R. D., ‘The Formation of the Customary Rules of International Drainage Basin Law’, in A. H. Garretson, R. D. Hayton & C. J. Olmstead (eds.), The Law of International Drainage Basins (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1967), 834–895.
-
Inter-American Bar Association (IABA), Declaration of Buenos Aires, 19 November 1957, in IABA, Proceedings of the Tenth Conference, Buenos Aires, 14–21 November 1957 (Buenos Aires, 1958), Vol. 1, pp. 246–248.
-
International Law Association (ILA), ‘Dubrovnik Statement of Principles’, in ILA, Report of the 47th Conference (Dubrovnik, 1956), 241–243.
-
ILA, ‘Berlin Rules on Water Resources’, in ILA, Report of the 71st Conference (Berlin, 2004).
-
ILA, ‘Campione Consolidation of the Rules on International Water Resources, 1966–1999’, in ILA, Report of the 69th Conference (London, 2000), 835–858.
-
ILA, ‘Complementary Rules Applicable to International Water Resources’, in ILA, Report of the 62nd Conference (Seoul, 1986), 275–292.
-
ILA, ‘Dissenting Opinion’, (to the Water Resources Committee Report), in ILA, Report of the 71st Conference (Berlin, 2004).
-
ILA, ‘Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Water of International Rivers’, in ILA, Report of the 52nd Conference (Helsinki, 1966), 484–532.
-
ILA, ‘Recommendation on Pollution Control’, in ILA, Report of the 49th Conference (Hamburg, 1960), xviii.
-
ILA, ‘Recommendations on the Procedures concerning the non-Navigational Uses’, in ILA, Report of the 49th Conference (Hamburg, 1960), xvi–xviii.
-
ILA, ‘Regulation of the Flow of Water of International Watercourses’, in ILA, Report of the 59th Conference (Belgrade, 1980), 5–15.
-
ILA, ‘Resolution on the Use of the Waters of International Rivers’, in ILA, Report of the 48th Conference (New York, 1958), viii–x.
-
ILA, ‘Rules on International Groundwaters’, in ILA, Report of the 62nd Conference (Seoul, 1986), 251–274.
-
ILA, ‘Rules on the Water Pollution in an International Drainage Basin’, ILA, Report of the 60th Conference (Montreal, 1982).
-
International Law Commission (ILC), Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers (2008).
-
Kaeckenbeeck, G., International Rivers: A Monograph Based on Diplomatic Documents (London: Sweet and Maxwell, published for the Grotius Society, 1918).
-
Laylin, J. G., ‘Comments Submitted to the Committee of American Branch of the ILA on “First Report of the Committee on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers”’ (4 May 1956), printed by ILA for Rivers Committee, World Bank Archives Disclosure Authorized, Folder ID: 1787921.
-
Laylin, J. G., ‘Principles of Law Governing the Uses of International Rivers—Contribution of the Indus Basin’ (25 April 1957), printed by ILA for Rivers Committee, World Bank Archives Disclosure Authorized, Folder ID: 1787921.
-
Lester, A., ‘Pollution’, in A. H. Garretson, R. D. Hayton & C. J. Olmstead (eds.), The Law of International Drainage Basins (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1967), 89–123.
-
Lipper, J., ‘Equitable Utilization’, in A. H. Garretson, R. D. Hayton & C. J. Olmstead (eds.), The Law of International Drainage Basins (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1967), 15–88.
-
Manner, E. J., & V. M. Mestälampi (eds.), The Work of International Law Association on the Law of International Water Resources (Helsinki: Finnish Branch of ILA, 1988).
-
McCaffrey, S., ‘The Harmon Doctrine One Hundred Years Later: Buried, Not Praised’, 36 Natural Resources Journal (1996), 549–590.
-
McCaffrey, S., The Law of International Watercourses Non-Navigational Uses (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
-
Muys, J. C., ‘Interstate Water Compacts: The Interstate Compact and Federal-Interstate Compact’, Legal Study 14, National Water Commission (Report NWC-L-71-011), (Washington, DC, 1971).
-
Pan American Union, Seventh International Conference of American States, Montevideo, Uruguay, December 3, 1933, Special Handbook for the Use of Delegates, prepared by L. S. Rowe & G. E. Borges (Baltimore, Maryland: The Sun Book & Job Printing Office, 1933).
-
Qadir, M., ‘The Uses of the Water of International Rivers’ (27 August 1956), printed by ILA for Rivers Committee, World Bank Archives Disclosure Authorized, Folder ID: 1787921.
-
Ranjan, A., ‘The Cauvery Water Disputes in India’, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore Working Paper No. 293 (2018).
-
Rao, K. K., ‘Statement to the Indiagram’ (21 October 1958), World Bank Archives Disclosure Authorized, File ID: 1787921.
-
Report of a Panel of Experts, Integrated River Basin Development, revised edition (UN Doc. E/3066/Rev. 1), (New York: United Nations, 1970) UN Panel of Experts, ‘Integrated River Basin Development’ (1957, and second ed., 1970).
-
Salman, S. M. A., ‘Entry into Force of the UN Watercourses Convention—Why should It Matter?’ 31:1 International Journal of Water Resources Development (2015), 4–16. DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2014.952072.
-
Salman, S. M. A., ‘The Helsinki Rules, the UN Watercourse Convention and the Berlin Rules: Perspectives on International Water Law’, 23:4 International Journal of Water Resources Development (2007), 625–640. DOI: 10.1080/07900620701488562.
-
Salman, S. M. A. & K. Uprety, Conflict and Cooperation on South Asia’s International Rivers: A Legal Perspective (London/The Hague/New York: Kluwer Law International, 2002).
-
Sevette, P., ‘Legal Aspects of Hydro-Electric Development of Rivers and Lakes of Common Interest’, UNECE Committee on Electric Power, UN Doc. E/ECE/136, E/ECE/EP/98 Rev. 1, Geneva (1952).
-
Sherk, G. W., Dividing the Waters: The Resolution of Interstate Water Conflicts in the United States (Leiden: Brill/Nijhoff, 2000).
-
Sikri, S. M., ‘Comments on the 1st Report of the Committee’ (22 May 1956), World Bank Archives Disclosure Authorized, Folder ID: 1787921.
-
Smead, E. E., ‘Sic Utere Tuo Ut Alienum Non Laedes: A Basis of the State Police Power’, 21:2 Cornell Law Review (1936), 276–292.
-
Smith, H. A., The Economic Uses of International Rivers (London: P. S. King & Son, 1933).
-
Tanzi, A., The Relationship between the 1992 UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes and the 1997 UN Convention on the Law of the Non Navigational Uses of International Watercourses: Report of the UNECE Task Force on Legal and Administrative Aspects (Geneva, 2000).
-
Teclaff, L. A., & E. Teclaff, ‘Bibliography on Legal and Related Aspects of the Use and Development of the Waters of International River Basins’, in H. Garretson, R. D. Hayton & C. J. Olmstead (eds.), The Law of International Drainage Basins (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1967), 609–778.
-
Teclaff, L. A., The River Basin in History and Law (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1967).
-
The World Bank Group, Archives Public Disclosure Authorized; Folder: Indus Basin Dispute—International Law Association—Correspondence 01, Folder ID: 1787921; Dates 5/1/1954–10/31/1958; Fonds: Records of the South Asia Regional Office (WB IBRD/IDA SAR); Washington, DC, 2012, Digitized: 5 August 2014.
-
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, ‘The First Ten Years 1947–1957’, UN Doc. E/ECE/291 3 July 1957.
-
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, ‘The Scientific Conference on Resource Conservation and Utilization (UNSCCUR)’, UN Doc. NS/UNR/1, 10 November 1948.
-
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Some General Conventions, Declarations and Resolutions adopted by Governments, International Legal Institutions and International Organizations, on the Management of International Water Resources, compiled by Dante A. Caponera, Background Paper No. 1/Rev. 1, Legislative Branch (Rome: FAO, 1978).
-
United Nations General Assembly, ‘Convention of the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, Report of the Sixth Committee convening as the Working Group of the Whole’, UN Doc. A/51/869, 11 April 1997.
-
United Nations General Assembly, ‘Survey of International Law in Relation to the Work of Codification of the International Law Commission’, UN Doc. A/CN.4/1/Rev. 1, 10 February 1949.
-
United Nations Secretary-General, ‘Legal problems relating to the non-navigational uses of international watercourses. Supplementary Report submitted by the Secretary-General’, UN Doc. No. A/CN.4/274, 25 March 1974, reprinted in Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1974, Vol. II, Part Two.
-
United Nations Secretary-General, ‘Legal Problems Relating to the Utilization and Use of International Rivers’, UN Doc. No. A/5409, 15 April 1963.
-
Vick, M. J., ‘The Law of International Waters: Reasonable Utilization’, 12:1 Chicago-Kent Journal of International and Comparative Law (2012), 141–178.
-
Zurbrügg, H., ‘Report on Maintenance and Improvement of Naturally Navigable Waterways Separating or Traversing Several States’, in ILA, Report of the 56th Conference (New Delhi, 1974), 117–128.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1045 | 218 | 45 |
| Full Text Views | 76 | 0 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 92 | 2 | 1 |
The International Law Association Helsinki Rules
Contribution to International Water Law
In: Brill Research Perspectives in International Water LawAbstract
Although the International Law Association (ILA) was established in 1873, it only turned its attention to the internationally shared water resources in 1954, when its study of the applicable principles and rules of international law thereon began. The first ILA committee assigned to this task was the Rivers Committee, which, after a decade of intensive study and through several resolutions and statements, arrived unanimously at a set of articles reflecting customary international law, known as The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers.
The Helsinki Rules approved at the ILA Helsinki Conference in 1966 were soon widely accepted across the globe as a non-binding authoritative source of international water law. This monograph traces the work of ILA leading to the approval of the Helsinki Rules, analyses the Rules, and identifies their influence on, and contribution to the evolution of international water law.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1045 | 218 | 45 |
| Full Text Views | 76 | 0 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 92 | 2 | 1 |