Data Innovations for Transboundary Freshwater Resources Management: Are Obligations Related to Information Exchange Still Needed?
In: Brill Research Perspectives in International Water LawSearch for other papers by Christina Leb in
Current site
Google Scholar
Abstract
Cross-border data and information exchange is one of the most challenging issues for transboundary water management. While the regular exchange of data and information has been identified as one of the general principles of international water law, only a minority of treaties include direct obligations related to mutual data exchange. Technological innovations related to real-time data availability, space technology and earth observation have led to an increase in quality and availability of hydrological, meteorological and geo-spatial data. These innovations open new avenues for access to water related data and transform data and information exchange globally. This monograph is an exploratory assessment of the potential impacts of these disruptive technologies on data and information exchange obligations in international water law.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Aganaba-Jeanty, T., & A. Huggins, ‘Satellite Measurement of GHG Emissions: Prospects for Enhancing Transparency and Answerability under International Law’, 8:2 Transnational Environmental Law (2019) 303–326.
-
Atkins, FD2628 Impact of Climate Change on Dams & Reservoirs, Final Guidance Report, May 2013, at http://evidence.environment-agency.gov.uk/FCERM/Libraries/FCERM_Project_Documents/FD2628_final_report.sflb.ashx.
-
Borowitz, M., Open Space: The Global Effort for Open Access to Environmental Satellite Data (Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 2017).
-
Bower, J. L., & C. M. Christensen, ‘Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Water’, 73:1 Harvard Business Review (1995) 43–53.
-
Bourne, C., ‘Procedures in the Development of International Drainage Basins: Notice and Exchange of Information’, 22 University of Toronto Law Journal (1972) 172–206.
-
Briggs, S., ‘Introduction: Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)’, presentation to the GCOS Workshop, Bonn, 10–12 February 2015, at https://unfccc.int/files/science/workstreams/systematic_observation/application/pdf/session1_briggs.pdf.
-
Caflisch, L., ‘Equitable and Reasonable Utilization and Factors Relevant to Determining Such Utilization (Articles 5 and 6)’, in L. Boisson de Chazournes, M. M. Mbengue, M. Tignino & K. Sangbana (eds.), The UN Convention on the Law of the Non- Navigational Uses of International Watercourses: A Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), 77–94.
-
Choi, C. Q., ‘Space Forecast Predicts Satellite Production Boom’, 15 June 2009, at https://www.space.com/6839-space-forecast-predicts-satellite-production-boom.html.
-
Christensen Institute, ‘Are You (Really) Disruptive? Six Ways to Find Out’, 13 April 2017, at https://www.christenseninstitute.org/blog/really-disruptive-six-ways-find/.
-
Dellapenna, J. W., ‘The Customary International Law of Transboundary Fresh Waters’, 1:3–4 International Journal of Global Environmental Issues (2001) 264–305.
-
European Commission CORDIS, ‘G8 leaders agree on S&T action plan for sustainable development’, 4 June 2003, at https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/20355-g8-leaders-agree-on-st-action-plan-for-sustainable-development/en.
-
Famiglietti, J. S., ‘The Global Groundwater Crisis’, 4 Nature Climate Change (2014) 945–948.
-
Farrajota, M., ‘Notification and Consultation in the Law Applicable to International Watercourses’, in L. Boisson de Chazournes & S. M. A. Salman (eds.), Les ressources en eau et le droit international—Water Resources and International Law (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2005), 281–339.
-
García, L., J. D. Rodriguez, M. Wijnen & I. Palkuski (eds.), Earth Observation for Water Resources Management: Current Use and Future Opportunities for the Water Sector (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2016).
-
GEOGLOWS America, ‘GEO in Action: Revolutionizing Our Understanding of Stream Flow on Every River in the World ’, presentation by A. Gutierrez-Magness & J. Nelson at GEO Week 2018, Kyoto, Japan, at http://geoglowsamerica-amerigeoss.opendata.arcgis.com/.
-
Gerlak, A., J. Lautze & M. Giordano, ‘Water Resources Data and Information Exchange in Transboundary Water Treaties’, 11 International Environmental Agreements (2011) 179–199, doi:10.1007/s10784-010-9144-4.
-
Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), GCOS Statement to SBSTA49, COP24, 2–8 December 2018, Extended Version, 20 November 2018, at https://ane4bf-datap1.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wmod8_gcos/s3fs-public/statement_to_sbsta_49_cop24_dec_2018_extended_report.pdf?unBLzPPEbo.p4L8QPCHF.tWCn.o03fQg.
-
Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs, GCOS-200, GOOS-214 (Geneva: World Meteorological Organization, 2016).
-
Global Water Partnership, ‘What is IWRM?’, at https://www.gwp.org/en/GWP-CEE/about/why/what-is-iwrm/.
-
Group on Earth Observation (GEO), GEO 2017–2019 Work Program: GEO Global Water Sustainability (GEOGLOWS), at https://www.earthobservations.org/activity.php?id=118.
-
Group on Earth Observation (GEO), GEO Data Sharing Principles Implementation, at https://www.earthobservations.org/geoss_dsp.shtml.
-
Group on Earth Observation (GEO), The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS)—10-Year Implementation Plan, adopted 16 February 2005, at http://earthobservations.org/documents/10-Year%20Implementation%20Plan.pdf.
-
Group on Earth Observation (GEO), Communiqué of the Second Earth Observation Summit, adopted 25 April 2004, at https://www.earthobservations.org/documents/eos_ii/EOS%20II%20Communique.pdf.
-
Hartcher, M., & D. Lemon, Data Management for the Murray-Darling Basin Sustainable Yields Project. A Report to the Australian Government for the CSIRO Murray-Darling Basin Sustainable Yields Project (Australia: CSIRO, 2008).
-
Hearns, G., ‘Columbia Basin’, in M. Altingoz et al., Promoting Development in Shared River Basins: Case Studies from International Experience (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2018), 47–100.
-
Hossain, F., M. Bonnema, M. Durand, et al., ‘Project Summary: SWOT Preparations for Ground-Truthing, Discharge Product Development and Water Management Applications in Asian River Systems’, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, at https://swot.jpl.nasa.gov/project-hossain.htm.
-
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, The IPCC First Assessment Report Overview and Policymaker Summaries and 1992 IPCC Supplements, at https://www.ipcc.ch/report/climate-change-the-ipcc-1990-and-1992-assessments/.
-
International Law Commission (ILC), ‘Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers, with Commentaries’, in ILC, Report on the work of its sixtieth session (5 May to 6 June and 7 July to 8 August), 2008, UN Doc. A/63/10.
-
International Law Commission (ILC), ‘Draft Articles on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses and Commentaries thereto and Resolution on Transboundary Confined Groundwater’, II:2 Yearbook of the International Law Commission (YBILC) (1994) 89–135.
-
International Law Commission (ILC), ‘Third Report on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses, by Mr. Stephen M. Schwebel, Special Rapporteur’, II:1 YBILC (1982) 65–191.
-
Ito, A., ‘Improvement to the Legal Regime for the Effective Use of Satellite Remote Sensing Data for Disaster Management and Protection of the Environment’, 34:1 Journal of Space Law (2008) 45–66.
-
Jain, S. K., & V. P. Singh, ‘Chapter 7—Environmental and Social Considerations’, in S. K. Jain & V. P. Singh (eds.) Water Resources System Planning and Management, 51 Developments in Water Science (2003), 395–459.
-
Johnson, C. D., ‘The Outer Space Treaty at 50’, The Space Review (January 2017).
-
Jønch-Clausen, T., & J. Fugl, ‘Firming up the Conceptual Basis of Integrated Water Resources Management’, 17:4 Water Resources Development (2011) 501–510.
-
Kinna, R., & A. Rieu-Clarke, ‘The Governance Regime of the Mekong River Basin: Can the Global Water Conventions Strengthen the 1995 Mekong Agreement?’, 2:1 International Water Law (2017).
-
Kline, K., & K. Raustiala, International Environmental Agreements and Remote Sensing Technologies, background paper prepared for the Workshop on Remote Sensing and Environmental Treaties: Building More Effective Linkages, 4–5 December 2000, at http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/rs-treaties/rs-treaties_bckgnd.pdf.
-
Leb, C., ‘General Obligation to Cooperate and Regular Exchange of Data and Information (Articles 8 and 9)’, in L. Boisson de Chazournes, M. M. Mbengue, M. Tignino, K. Sangbana & J. Rudall (eds.), The UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses: A Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), 123–140.
-
Leb, C., Cooperation in the Law of Transboundary Water Resources (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2013).
-
Lerner, S., ‘Behind the Buzzword: Disruptive Technology’, 23 November 2018, at https://www.enterprisemobilityexchange.com/eme-cloud/news/disruptive-technology-behind-the-buzzword.
-
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mission 2012—Clean Water, at https://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2012/finalwebsite/problem/dams.shtml.
-
McCaffrey, S., The Law of International Watercourses, 2nd edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).
-
Mekong River Commission (MRC), Guidelines on the Custodianship and Management of the MRC Information System (MRC-IS), 11 July 2002, at http://www.mrcmekong.org/assets/Publications/policies/CustMgmtGuidelines-MRC-ITsys.pdf.
-
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), ‘NASA Helps Warn of Harmful Algal Blooms in Lakes, Reservoirs’, June 21, 2019, at https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-helps-warn-of-harmful-algal-blooms-clouding-lakes-reservoirs.
-
Newborne, P., & J. Tucker, The Urban-Rural Water Interface: A Preliminary Study in Burkina Faso (London: Overseas Development Institute, 2015).
-
Okowa, P., ‘Procedural Obligations in International Environmental Agreements’, 67 BYIL (1996) 275–336.
-
Pavelsky, T. M., ‘Satellites Reveal a New View of Earth’s Water from Space’, 13 February 2019, The Conversation, at http://theconversation.com/satellites-reveal-a-new-view-of-earths-water-from-space-109048.
-
Radtke Russel, P., ‘Data Drives Smarter Water Systems Decisions’, 28 August 2019, at https://www.enr.com/articles/47424-data-drives-smarter-water-systems-decisions.
-
Resnick, C., ‘Real-Time Data Represents Disruptive Technology to Help Manager Water/Wastewater Infrastructure’, 11 April 2018, at https://www.arcweb.com/blog/real-time-data-represents-disruptive-technology-help-manage-waterwastewater-infrastructure.
-
Rodell, M., J. S. Famiglietti, D. N. Wiese, et al., ‘Emerging Trends in Global Freshwater Availability’, 557 Nature (2018), 651–669, doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0123-1.
-
Salman, S. M. A., ‘Notification concerning Planned Measures on Shared Watercourses—Synergies between the Watercourses Convention and the World Bank Policies and Practice’, 4:2 International Water Law (2019), doi:10.1163/23529369-12340014.
-
Sauser-Hall, G., ‘L’utilisation industrielle des fleuves internationaux’, 83 RCADI (1953).
-
Schachter, O., ‘International Law in Theory and Practice’, 178 RCADI (1982).
-
Scopel, C., ‘WMO Global Runoff Data Centre’, 17 January 2012, at https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/product/water/wmo-global-runoff-data-centre/.
-
Stewart, B., ‘Managing Water Resources with Climate Information’, 60:2 WMO Bulletin (2011).
-
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), Update of the Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC—Submission from the Secretariat of the Global Climate Observing System, 17 September 2010, UN Doc. UNFCCC/SBSTA/2010/MISC.9.
-
Tanzi, A., & M. Arcari, The United Nations Convention on the Law of International Watercourses (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001).
-
The Star online, ‘Can Drones Help Malaysian Oil Palm Plantations?’, 9 March 2015, at https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2015/03/09/can-drones-help-malaysian-oil-palm-plantations/.
-
Uhlir, P. F., Scientific Data for Decision Making Toward Sustainable Development: Senegal River Basin Case Study (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2003).
-
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), ‘The Law of Transboundary Aquifers’, 13 December 2016, UNGA Resolution 71/150, UN Doc. A/RES/71/150.
-
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), ‘The Law of Transboundary Aquifers’, 16 December 2013, UNGA Resolution 68/118, UN Doc. A/RES/68/118.
-
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), ‘The Law of Transboundary Aquifers’, 9 December 2011, UNGA Resolution 66/104, UN Doc. A/RES/66/104.
-
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), ‘The Law of Transboundary Aquifers’, 11 December 2008, UNGA Resolution 63/124, UN Doc. A/RES/63/124.
-
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), ‘Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses’, 21 May 1997, UNGA Resolution 51/229, UN Doc. A/RES/51/229.
-
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), ‘Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space’, 3 December 1986, UNGA Resolution 41/65, UN Doc. A/RES/41/65.
-
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA), ‘Space Law Treaties and Principles’, at http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties.html.
-
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA), ‘United Nations Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space’, at http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/spaceobjectregister/index.html.
-
World Meteorological Organization, ‘WMO Policy and Practice for the Exchange of Meteorological and Related Data and Products including Guidelines on Relationships in Commercial Meteorological Activities’, Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) (1995), at http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/hwrp/documents/wmo_827_enCG-XII-Res40.pdf.
-
Zambezi River Commission, ‘ZAMCOM Rules and Procedures for Sharing of Data and Information related to the Management and Development of the Zambezi Watercourse’, 25 February 2016, at http://www.zambezicommission.org/sites/default/files/clusters_pdfs/16.07.28-Rules_ProceduresForDataSharing_Adopted-by-Council_FinalEditing_Ver10_FINAL.pdf.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 749 | 85 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 50 | 2 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 82 | 9 | 0 |
Data Innovations for Transboundary Freshwater Resources Management: Are Obligations Related to Information Exchange Still Needed?
In: Brill Research Perspectives in International Water LawSearch for other papers by Christina Leb in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
Cross-border data and information exchange is one of the most challenging issues for transboundary water management. While the regular exchange of data and information has been identified as one of the general principles of international water law, only a minority of treaties include direct obligations related to mutual data exchange. Technological innovations related to real-time data availability, space technology and earth observation have led to an increase in quality and availability of hydrological, meteorological and geo-spatial data. These innovations open new avenues for access to water related data and transform data and information exchange globally. This monograph is an exploratory assessment of the potential impacts of these disruptive technologies on data and information exchange obligations in international water law.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 749 | 85 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 50 | 2 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 82 | 9 | 0 |