The ecumenical National Christian Council of China (ncc) was the institutional home to an important religious and social campaign: the Christianizing the Home Movement. This article traces the development of this movement from the ncc’s founding in 1922 until the Second World War disrupted its activity. This home- and family-centered movement was a site of female empowerment, and the expansive topics it addressed show women’s desires to serve and lead in a broad set of arenas. This article shows how the Chinese women who led the Christianizing the Home Movement built and shaped a movement and describes the nationwide network of leaders that carried it out, promoting an ideal of Christian family that was culturally informed and progressive.
作为组织机构,普世的中华全国基督教协会推动了一次宗教与社会意义重大的运动:基督化家庭运动。本文追溯了基督化家庭运动的始终,从1922年中华全国基督教协进会建立到第二次世界大战协会活动被干扰。这个以家庭及家人为核心的运动赋予了妇女权力; 在运动涉及的广阔领域里,女性都表现出服务及领导的愿望。本文展示了领导基督化家庭运动的中国女性如何建造运动,以及联合全国的领导推 动有文化背景、又先进的基督教家庭理想。
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Bays, Daniel H. 2012. A New History of Christianity in China. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Bo Lan 伯蘭 (A. R. Keplar). 1930. Jiduhua jiating yundong zhou yanjiang lunwen diyi zhong: Jiating zhong de lingxing peiyang 基督化家庭運動週演講論文第一種:家庭中的靈性培養 [Christian Home Week Lecture Series No. 1: Devotional Life in the Home]. Shanghai: NCC.
Cheng, Jingyi. 1931. A Brief Review of the Christian Movement in China—Biennial Meeting of N.C.C., Hangchow, April 10–18, 1931. mrl6: National Christian Council of China Records, series 1, box 1, folder 12, The Burke Library at Union Theological Seminary, Columbia University in the City of New York.
Chow, Tse-tsung. 1976 [1960]. The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual Revolution in Modern China. Taipei: Rainbow-Bridge Book Co. First published 1960 by Harvard University Press.
Chu, Samuel C. 1980. “The New Life Movement before the Sino-Japanese Conflict: A Reflection of Kuomintang Limitations in Thought and Action.” In China at the Crossroads: Nationalists and Communists, 1927–1949, edited by F. Gilbert Chan, pp. 37–68. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Chung, Mary Keng Mun. 2005. Chinese Women in Christian Ministry: An Intercultural Study. New York: Peter Lang.
Fan Yurong 范玉榮. 1922. “Nuzi lingxiu wenti” 女子領袖問題 [Women Leaders], in Jidujiao quanguo dahui baogaoshu: Zhonghua minguo shiyi nian wu yue er zhi shiyi ri 基督教全國大會報告書:中華民國十一年五月二至十一日 [Report of the National Christian Conference: 1922, May 2–11], 190–191. Shanghai: Shanghai Library Digital Database.
Garrett, Shirley S. 1970. Social Reformers in Urban China: The Chinese Y.M.C.A., 1895–1926. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Glosser, Susan. 2003. Chinese Visions of Family and State, 1915–1953. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Gronewold, Sue. 2010. “New Life, New Faith, New Nation, New Women: Competing Models at the Door of Hope Mission in Shanghai.” In Competing Kingdoms: Women, Mission, Nation, and the American Protestant Empire, 1812–1960, edited by Barbara Reeves-Ellington,Kathryn Kish Sklar, and Connie A. Shemo, pp. 195–217. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Highbaugh, Irma. 1935. What Should Be the Attitude of Christians toward Their Children? Parent Education Series Unit II. Shanghai: Christian Literature Society.
Hodous, Lewis. 1930. “The Anti-Christian Movement in China.” Journal of Religion 10 (4): 487–494.
Hunter, Jane. 1984. The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-Century China. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Jiduhua. 1938a. Jiduhua jiating yanjiuhui quannian chengxu: 1938.10–1939.10: jiating yu xiandai zhi weiji—chengxu er: jiating gongye de hezuo jihua 基督化家庭研究會全年程序: 1938.10–1939.10: 家庭與現代之危機, 程序二:家庭工業的合作計畫 [Christianizing the Home Research Conference Full Year Program: 10/1938–10/1939: The Home in the Present Crisis—Program II: Cooperative Planning for Home Industries]. Christianizing the Home Committee. Huadong shenxueyuan 華東神學院 [East China Theological Seminary].
Jiduhua. 1938b. Jiduhua jiating yanjiuhui quannian chengxu: 1938.10–1939.10: jiating yu xiandai zhi weiji—chengxu san: feichang shiqi jiating jiaoyu ertong de zhongxin, chengshi, butan, wusi zhi peiyang 基督化家庭研究會全年程序: 1938.10–1939.10: 家庭與現代之危機,程序三:非常時期家庭教育对于兒童的忠信,誠實,不貪,無私之培養 [Christianizing the Home Research Conference Full Year Program: 10/1938–10/1939: The Home in the Present Crisis—Program 3: The Training of Children for Honesty, Truth, Loyalty, and Purity in Time of Crisis]. Christianizing the Home Committee. Huadong shenxueyuan 華東神學院 [East China Theological Seminary].
Jiduhua. 1938c. Jiduhua jiating yanjiuhui quannian chengxu: 1938.10–1939.10: jiating yu xiandai zhi weiji—chengxu wu: jiating lingxiu shenghuo 基督化家庭研究會全年程序: 1938.10–1939.10: 家庭與現代之危機,程序五:家庭靈修生活 [Christianizing the Home Research Conference Full Year Program: 10/1938–10/1939: The Home in the Present Crisis—Program 5: Families’ Spiritual Life]. Huadong shenxueyuan 華東神學院 [East China Theological Seminary].
Jiduhua. n.d. Jiduhua jiating yundong zhou cailiao yinshua ji xiaoshou shumudan 基督化家庭運動週材料印刷及銷售數目單 [Printing and Sale of Home Week Materials]. smaQ579-4–138, 151–152.
Jones, Andrew. 2011. Developmental Fairy Tales: Evolutionary Thinking and Modern Chinese Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jung, Ha Yoon. 2013. “Searching for the ‘Modern Wife’ in Prewar Shanghai and Seoul Magazines.” In Liangyou: Kaleidoscopic Modernity and the Shanghai Global Metropolis, 1926–1945, edited by Paul G. Pickowicz,Kuiyi Shen, and Yingjing Zhang, pp. 179–199. Boston: Brill.
Kuan, T. C. (Guan Cuizhen 管萃真). 1937. Report of the Christianizing the Home Movement, 1935 and 1936. The Eleventh (Biennial) Meeting of the National Christian Council of China, Shanghai, May 5–11, 1937. Shanghai Municipal Archives, Q579-4–143.
Lang, Olga. 1978 [1946]. Chinese Family and Society. Taipei: Taiyi caise yingshua gongsi. First published 1946 by Yale University Press.
Levy, Marion J. 1968 [1949]. The Family Revolution in Modern China. New York: Atheneum.
Li Guanfang 李冠芳. 1930. Cong zao dao wan 從早到晚 [From Morning Till Night]. Shanghai: Christian Literature Society.
ncc. 1922. Report of the National Christian Conference: 1922, May 2–11 1922. Shanghai. Shanghai Library Digital Database.
ncc. 1923. National Christian Council of China Annual Report 1922–3. mrl6: National Christian Council of China Records, series 1, box 1, folder 1, The Burke Library at Union Theological Seminary, Columbia University in the City of New York.
ncc. 1924. National Christian Council Annual Report 1923–24. mrl6: National Christian Council of China Records, series 1, box 1, folder 1, The Burke Library at Union Theological Seminary, Columbia University in the City of New York.
ncc. 1927. National Christian Council Annual Report 1926–27. Shanghai Municipal Archives, U123-0–17.
ncc. 1929. Interpretive Report of the Executive Committee, Seventh Annual Meeting—National Christian Council, May 18–25, 1929. mrl6: National Christian Council of China Records, series 1, box 1, folder 4, The Burke Library at Union Theological Seminary, Columbia University in the City of New York.
ncc. 1935. National Christian Council of China Biennial Report 1933–35. Shanghai Municipal Archives, U123-0–20.
ncc. 1937. The Eleventh Biennial Meeting of the National Christian Council of China, Shanghai, May 5–11, 1937. Shanghai Municipal Archives, Q579-4–143.
ncc. 1946. Proceedings of the Twelfth Biennial Meeting of the National Christian Council. Shanghai Municipal Archives, U123-0–21.
Rawlinson, Frank, Helen Thoburn, and D. MacGillivray, eds. 1922. TheChinese Church as Revealed in the National Christian Conference Held in Shanghai, Tuesday, May 2, to Thursday, May 11, 1922. Shanghai: The Oriental Press.
Rees, Ronald. 1938. National Christian Council of China: Broadcast from Station XMHA, Shanghai, June 12, 1938. Shanghai Municipal Archives, Q579-4–141, pp. 53–54.
Reilly, Thomas H. 2021. Saving the Nation: Chinese Protestant Elites and the Quest to Build a New China, 1922–1952. New York: Oxford University Press.
Robert, Dana L. 2008. “The ‘Christian Home’ as a Cornerstone of Anglo-American Missionary Thought and Practice.” In Converting Colonialism: Visions and Realities in Mission History, 1706–1914, edited by Dana L. Robert, pp. 134–165. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans.
Rogaski, Ruth. 2004. Hygienic Modernity: Meanings of Health and Disease in Treaty-Port China. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Schneider, Helen M. 2008. Keeping the Nation’s House: Domestic Management and the Making of Modern China. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
Schneider, Helen M. 2014. “Raising the Standards of Family Life: Ginling Women’s College and Christian Social Service in Republican China.” In Divine Domesticities: Christian Paradoxes in Asia and the Pacific, edited by Hyaeweol Choiand Margaret Jolly, pp. 113–139. Canberra: ANU Press.
Tillman, Margaret Mih. 2018. Raising China’s Revolutionaries: Modernizing Childhood for Cosmopolitan Nationalists and Liberated Comrades, 1920s–1950s. New York: Columbia University Press.
Wang Hao 王浩. 2012. Xin wenhua yundong zhong ‘Ertong de faxian’ 新文化運動中‘兒童的發現’ [The “Discovery of Childhood” in the New Culture Movement]. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe 中國社會科學出版社.
White, Chris. 2014. “‘To Rescue the Wretched Ones’: Saving Chinese Slave Girls in Republican Xiamen.” Twentieth-Century China 39 (1): 44–68.
White, Mrs. F. J. 1918. “The ‘Christian Home Club’ of the Shanghai Baptist College.” China Sunday School Journal 6 (5): 1005–1006.
Yamamoto, Tatsuro, and Sumiko Yamamoto. 1953. “The Anti-Christian Movement in China, 1922–1927.” The Far Eastern Quarterly 12 (2): 133–147. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2941975.
Zhonghua. 1924. Zhonghua quanguo Jidujiao xiejinhui di’er jie nianhui baogao 中華全國基督教協進會第二屆年會報告 [National Christian Council of China Second Annual Meeting Report]. Shanghai: NCC. Shanghai Municipal Archives U123-0-14-89.
Zhonghua. 1925. Zhonghua quanguo Jidujiao xiejinhui disan jie nianhui baogao 中華全國基督教協進會第三屆年會報告 [National Christian Council of China Third Annual Meeting Report]. Shanghai: NCC. Shanghai Municipal Archives, U123-0-14-277.
Zhonghua. 1928. Zhonghua quanguo Jidujiao xiejinhui diliu jie nianhui baogao 中華全國基督教協進會第六屆年會報告 [National Christian Council of China Sixth Annual Meeting Report]. Shanghai: NCC. Shanghai Municipal Archives, U123-0-18-106.
Zhonghua. 1929. Zhonghua quanguo Jidujiao xiejinhui diqi jie nianhui baogao 中華全國基督教協進會第七屆年會報告 [National Christian Council of China Seventh Annual Meeting Report]. Shanghai: NCC. Shanghai Municipal Archives, U123-0-18-200.
Zhonghua. 1931. Zhonghua quanguo Jidujiao xiejinhui Huadong qu Jiduhua jiating yundong lingxiu yanjiuhui baogaoshu 中華全國基督教協進會華東區基督化家庭運動領袖研究會報告書 [Report of the East China Conference for Leaders of the Christianizing the Home Movement]. Shanghai, National Christian Council of China. Shanghai Municipal Archives, U123-0–161.
Zhonghua. 1933. Zhonghua quanguo Jidujiao xiejinhui dijiu jie dahui baogao 中華全國基督教協進會第九屆大會報告 [National Christian Council of China Ninth Annual Meeting Report]. Shanghai: NCC. Shanghai Municipal Archives, Y3-1–230.
Zhonghua. 1936. Zhonghua quanguo Jidujiao xiejinhui Jiduhua jiating weiyuanhui diyi jie nianhui baogao: Wu nian jihua - fumu jiaoyu yu xin Zhongguo yundong 中華全國基督教協進會基督化家庭委員會第一屆年會報告:五年計畫—父母教育與新中國運動 [National Christian Council of China Christianizing the Home Committee First Annual Meeting Report: The Five Year Plan—Parent Education and the New China Movement]. Shanghai. Shanghai Municipal Archives, U123-0–37.
Zhonghua. 1939. Zhonghua quanguo Jidujiao xiejinhui Jiduhua jiating 中華全國基督教協進會基督化家庭 [The Christianizing the Home Committee of the National Christian Council of China], ed. Jiduhua jiating yundong kanwu mulu 基督化家庭運動刊物目錄 [Available Printed Materials on Christianizing the Home]. Shanghai. Shanghai Municipal Archives U131-0–79.
Zhonghua. 1940. Zhonghua quanguo Jidujiao xiejinhui Jiduhua jiating weiyuanhui 中華全國基督教協進會基督化家庭委員會 [The Christianizing the Home Committee of the National Christian Council of China]. 1940 nian Jiduhua jiating yundong zhou richeng 1940 年基督化家庭運動周日程 [1940 Christianizing the Home Movement Week Schedule]. Shanghai: Christian Literature Society. Shanghai Municipal Archives, U123-0–160.
Zhou, Yun. 2021. “Envisioning an Ideal Christian Family in Republican China: A Theological Lens.” Review of Religion and Chinese Society 8 (2): 194–215.
Zhu Yasong 朱亞松. 1925. “Jidu jiating ganqin hui” 基督家庭感親會 [The Christian Home Club]. Hujiang niankan 沪江年刊 10: 156. Shanghai Library Digital Database.
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 989 | 575 | 232 |
Full Text Views | 35 | 3 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 77 | 6 | 0 |
The ecumenical National Christian Council of China (ncc) was the institutional home to an important religious and social campaign: the Christianizing the Home Movement. This article traces the development of this movement from the ncc’s founding in 1922 until the Second World War disrupted its activity. This home- and family-centered movement was a site of female empowerment, and the expansive topics it addressed show women’s desires to serve and lead in a broad set of arenas. This article shows how the Chinese women who led the Christianizing the Home Movement built and shaped a movement and describes the nationwide network of leaders that carried it out, promoting an ideal of Christian family that was culturally informed and progressive.
作为组织机构,普世的中华全国基督教协会推动了一次宗教与社会意义重大的运动:基督化家庭运动。本文追溯了基督化家庭运动的始终,从1922年中华全国基督教协进会建立到第二次世界大战协会活动被干扰。这个以家庭及家人为核心的运动赋予了妇女权力; 在运动涉及的广阔领域里,女性都表现出服务及领导的愿望。本文展示了领导基督化家庭运动的中国女性如何建造运动,以及联合全国的领导推 动有文化背景、又先进的基督教家庭理想。
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 989 | 575 | 232 |
Full Text Views | 35 | 3 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 77 | 6 | 0 |