The Racialization of the Jewish Question
The Pseudo-Secularization of Christian Anti-Judaism into Racial Anti-Semitism
In: Religion and TheologySearch for other papers by Warren S. Goldstein in
Current site
Google Scholar
Abstract
This article explores how the Jewish Question went from being a question of whether to give Jews, as a religious minority, citizenship, to a racial theory of a conflict between the Aryan and Semitic races. It explores the origins of Christian anti-Judaism in Europe and describes how it flared up during the Crusades, Inquisition, and Pogroms. It then describes how and explains why the Jewish Question became pseudo-secularized into a pseudo-scientific racial anti-Semitism, which culminated in the Final Solution.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Arendt, Hannah. The Origins of Totalitarianism. Orlando, FL; London: Harcourt, 1978.
-
Bauer, Bruno. The Jewish Problem. Translated by Helen Lederer. Cincinnati, OH: Hebrew Union College, [1843] 1958.
-
Bergen Doris L. “Antisemitism in the Nazi Era.” Pages 196–211 in Antisemitism: A History. Edited by Albert S. Lindemann and Richard S. Levy. Oxford; New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010.
-
Chazan, Robert. From Anti-Judaism to Anti-Semitism: Ancient and Medieval Christian Constructions of Jewish History. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
-
Cunningham, Philip A. “Jews and Christians from the Time of Christ to Constantine’s Reign.” Pages 47–62 in Antisemitism: A History. Edited by Albert S. Lindemann and Richard S. Levy. Oxford; New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010.
-
Engel, David. “Away from a Definition of Antisemitism: An Essay in the Semantics of Historical Description.” Pages 30–53 in Rethinking European Jewish History. Edited by Jeremy Cohen and Moshe Rosman. Litman Library of Jewish Civilization 2. Oxford; Portland, OR: The Litman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2009.
-
Efron, John M. Defenders of the Race: Jewish Doctors & Race Science in Fin-de-Siècle Europe. New Haven, CT; London: Yale University Press, 1994.
-
Fenn, Richard K. Toward a Theory of Secularization. Storrs, CT: Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1994.
-
Haffner, Sebastian. Anmerkungen zu Hitler. Frankfurt a.M.: S. Fischer, 1978.
-
Hart, Mitchell B. “Jews and Race: An Introductory Essay.” Pages xiii–xxxix in Jews and Race: Writings on Identity & Difference, 1880–1940. Edited by Mitchell B. Hart. The Brandeis Library of Modern Jewish Thought. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2011.
-
Hewitt, Marsha Aileen. “Christian Anti-Judaism and Early Object Relations Theory.” Critical Research on Religion 6, no. 3 (2018): 226–242. Online: doi.org/10.1177/2050303218800378.
-
Hitler, Adolf. Mein Kampf. Translated by Ralph Manheim. Boston, MA; New York, NY: Mariner Books, 1999.
-
Horkheimer, Max, and Theodor W. Adorno. Dialectic of Enlightenment. Translated by John Cumming. New York, NY: Continuum, [1944] 1977.
-
Junginger, Horst. The Scientification of the “Jewish Question” in Nazi Germany. Studies in the History of Religions 157. Leiden; Boston, MA: Brill, 2017.
-
Kahn, Fritz. “Jewish Race.” Pages 24–29 in Jews and Race: Writings on Identity & Difference, 1880–1940. Edited by Mitchell B. Hart. The Brandeis Library of Modern Jewish Thought. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2011.
-
Kamen, Henry. The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision. 4th ed. New Haven, CT; London: Yale University Press, 2014.
-
Karp, Jonathan. “Antisemitism in the Age of Mercantilism.” Pages 94–106 in Antisemitism: A History. Edited by Albert S. Lindemann and Richard S. Levy. Oxford; New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010.
-
Katz, Jacob. Out of the Ghetto: The Social Background of Jewish Emancipation, 1770–1870. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1973.
-
Langmuir, Gavin I. Toward a Definition of Antisemitism. Berkeley, CA; London: University of California Press, 1990.
-
Langmuir, Gavin I. History, Religion, and Antisemitism. Berkeley, CA; Oxford: University of California Press, 1990.
-
Leon, Abram. The Jewish Question: A Marxist Interpretation. New York, NY: Pathfinder Press, [1940] 1970.
-
Löwe, Heinz-Dietrich. “Antisemitism in Russia and the Soviet Union.” Pages 166–195 in Antisemitism: A History. Edited by Albert S. Lindemann and Richard S. Levy. Oxford; New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010.
-
Levy, Richard S. “Political Antisemitism in Germany and Austria, 1848–1914.” Pages 121–135 in Antisemitism: A History. Edited by Albert S. Lindemann and Richard S. Levy. Oxford; New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010.
-
Martin, David. The Religious and the Secular: Studies in Secularization. New York, NY: Schocken, 1969.
-
Martin, David. On Secularization: Towards a Revised General Theory. Aldershot; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2005.
-
Marx, Karl. “On the Jewish Question.” Pages 146–174 in Marx and Engels 1843–1844, Vol. 3 of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Collected Works. New York, NY: International Publishers, 2005.
-
Marx, Karl. “Preface to the Second Edition.” Pages 94–104 in idem, Capital, Volume I. Translated by Ben Fowkes. Introduced by Ernest Mandel. New York, NY: Vintage Books, [1873] 1977.
-
Mendes-Flohr, Paul, and Jehuda Reinharz, eds. The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History. 3rd edition. New York, NY; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
-
Nirenberg, David. Anti-Judaism: The Western Tradition. New York, NY; London: W.W. Norton, 2013.
-
Mosse, George L. Toward the Final Solution: A History of European Racism. New York, NY: Howard Fertig, Inc., 1985.
-
Poliakov, Léon. The Aryan Myth: A History of Racist and Nationalistic Ideas in Europe. Translated by Edmund Howard. New York, NY: Barnes & Noble Books, 1996.
-
Poliakov, Léon. The History of Anti-Semitism, Vol. I: From the Time of Christ to the Court Jews. Translated by Richard Howard. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.
-
Poliakov, Léon. The History of Anti-Semitism, Vol. II: From Mohammed to the Marranos. Translated by Natalie Gerardi. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.
-
Poliakov, Léon. The History of Anti-Semitism, Vol. III: From Voltaire to Wagner. Translated by Mirian Kochan. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.
-
Poliakov, Léon. The History of Anti-Semitism, Vol. IV: Suicidal Europe, 1870–1933. Translated by George Klin. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.
-
Sartre, Jean-Paul. Anti-Semite and Jew: An Exploration of the Etiology of Hate. New York, NY: Schocken Books [1948] 1945.
-
Sorkin, David. The Transformation of German Jewry 1780–1840. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1999.
-
Tschannen, Olivier. “The Secularization Paradigm: A Systematization.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 30, no. 4 (1991): 395–415. Online: doi.org/10.2307/1387276.
-
Vital, David. A People Apart: The Jews in Europe 1789–1939. Oxford History of Modern Europe. Oxford; New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1999.
-
Wistrich, Robert S. Antisemitism: The Longest Hatred. New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 1991.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1432 | 313 | 42 |
| Full Text Views | 518 | 21 | 1 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 1231 | 42 | 3 |
The Racialization of the Jewish Question
The Pseudo-Secularization of Christian Anti-Judaism into Racial Anti-Semitism
In: Religion and TheologySearch for other papers by Warren S. Goldstein in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
This article explores how the Jewish Question went from being a question of whether to give Jews, as a religious minority, citizenship, to a racial theory of a conflict between the Aryan and Semitic races. It explores the origins of Christian anti-Judaism in Europe and describes how it flared up during the Crusades, Inquisition, and Pogroms. It then describes how and explains why the Jewish Question became pseudo-secularized into a pseudo-scientific racial anti-Semitism, which culminated in the Final Solution.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1432 | 313 | 42 |
| Full Text Views | 518 | 21 | 1 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 1231 | 42 | 3 |
