The Alliance between Byzantium and Rus’ Before the Conquest of Constantinople by the Crusaders in 1204
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The Galician-Volhynian prince Roman Mstislavich became the main military ally of the Byzantine Empire in the early 13th century. The circumstances and the time of Roman’s campaign in Niketas Choniates’ account are the same as in the Russian chronicles reporting the steppe campaigns of the prince. All the Byzantine sources name Roman Mstislavich the “igemon of Galicia”. The term igemon, unlike other Byzantine titles of Rusian princes, meant the Emperor’s ally and relative (or in-law). The alliance between Alexios III and Roman led also to more stable relations with the Rusian population of the Lower Dniester and the Lower Danube. The military aid that Roman rendered to Alexios III was guaranteed by Roman’s marriage to the niece of Alexios III, the elder daughter of the overthrown emperor Isaak II.
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1
See A. V. Maiorov, ‘The daughter of a Byzantine Emperor – the wife of a Galician-Volhynian Prince’, Byzantinoslavica, vol. 72, nr. 1–2, 2014, pp. 45–93.
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13
See Cankova-Petkova, Bъlgarija pri Asenevci, pp. 21–50; Petrov, Vъzstanovjavane na Bъlgarskata derzhava.
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15
Ibid, p. 429; Nicetae Choniatae Orationes et Epistulae, ed. I. A. van Dieten. (Berlin; New York), 1972 (=CFHB, ser. Berolinensis, vol. iii), p. 3.
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18
Ibid, p. 446.
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19
Ibid, p. 468.
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20
Ibid, pp. 473, 487, 499–501, 522–523.
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21
Ibid, pp. 522–523.
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22
Brand, Byzantium confronts the West, p. 132; Vásáry, Cumans and Tatars, pp. 48–49.
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34
Ibid, pp. 493–494.
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35
Ibid, pp. 520–522. – Cf: Die Seltschukengeschichte des Ibn Bibi, ed. and transl. H. W. Duda. (Kopenhagen, 1959), pp. 21–27; see also: Cl Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey. 1071–1330. (London, 1968), p. 115.
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44
Cankova-Petkova, Bъlgarija pri Asenevci, pp. 42–43; Bozhilov, Familijata na Asenevci, pp. 44–45.
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52
Grabler, Die Kreuzfahrer erobern Konstantinopel, p. 272; Brand, Byzantium confronts the West, pp. 122–124, 347–348, n. 14; Diethen, Niketas Choniates, p. 124.
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54
Ibid, pp. 522–523. – Researchers dated the news year 1202: Grabler, Die Kreuzfahrer erobern Konstantinopel, p. 95.
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57
Ibid, vol. i, col. 420; vol. iii, p. 240.
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60
Ibid, vol. iii, p. 240.
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62
Ibid, p. 87.
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79
Ibid, p. 523.
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80
Ibid, pp. 400, 401, 413, 493, 520, 638, 639.
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83
Grala, ‘Drugie małżeństwo Romana Mścisławicza’, p. 126; D. Dąbrowski, Rodowód Romanowiczów ksiąźąt halicko-wołyńskich [Pedigree Romanovich, princes of Galicia-Volhynian]. (Poznan; Wroclaw, 2002), pp. 38–39; Vojtovich, Knjazha doba na Rusi, p. 486.
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86
C. Sathas, ‘Deux lettres inédites de l’empereur Michel Ducas Parapinace à Robert Guiscard, rédigées par Michel Psellus’, Annuaire de l’association pour l’encouragement des études grecques en France, vol. 8, 1874, pp. 193–221.
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88
See H. Bibicou, ‘Une page d’histoire diplomatique de Byzance au XI siècle: Michel VII Doukas, Robert Guiscard et la pension des dignitaires’, Byzantion, vol. 29–30, 1960, p. 56, n. 3; A. P. Kazhdan, ‘Rus’-Byzantine Princely Marriages in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries’, Harvard Ukrainian Studies, vol. 12–13, 1990, pp. 418–419.
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91
Cited in ibid, pp. 9–10.
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92
Obolenskij, Vizantijskoe sodruzhestvo, p. 239. – On the theory of the supremacy of the Byzantine emperor and his supreme sovereignty over all Christian nations, as well as site of the ancient Rus in the Byzantine “hierarchy of states” see: G. Ostrogorsky, ‘The Byzantine emperor and the hierarchical world order’, The Slavonic and East European Review, vol. 35. (London, 1956–1957), pp. 1–14; I. P. Medvedev, ‘Imperija i suverenitet v srednie veka (na primere istorii Vizantii i nekotoryh sopredel’nyh gosudarstv)’ [Empire and sovereignty in the Middle Ages (for example, the history of Byzantium and some neighboring countries)], in Problemy istorii mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij [Problems of the history of international relations], Collection of articles in memory of Academician E. V. Tarle. (Leningrad, 1972), pp. 415–424; G. G. Litavrin, ‘Ideja verhovnoj gosudarstvennoj vlasti v Drevnej Rusi domongol’skogo perioda’ [The idea of the supreme state power in ancient Russia pre-Mongolian period], in G. G. Litavrin, Vizantija i slavjane [Byzantium and the Slavs]. St (Petersburg, 1999), pp. 470–477.
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98
Cited in Vasilievskij, V. G., ‘Russko-vizantijskie otryvki, I’, pp. 10.
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99
Cited in ibid, p. 13.
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105
Vasilievskij, ‘Russko-vizantijskie otryvki. I’, pp. 29–30, n. 1.
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115
Ph. Malingoudis, ‘Die Nachrichten des Niketas Choniates über die Entstehung des Zweiten bulgarischen Staates’, Byzantina, vol, 10. (Thessaloniki, 1978), pp. 136–137.
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125
Ibid, p. 58.
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126
Bibikov, Vizantijskie istochniki po istorii Drevnej Rusi i Kavkaza, pp. 155. – See also: Litavrin, ‘Dva jetjuda o vosstanii Petra i Asenja’; A. P. Kazhdan,’Nikifor Hrisoverg i Nikolaj Mesarit: opyty sravnitel’noj harakteristiki’ [Nicephoros Chrysobergos and Nicholaos Mesarites: comparative experiments characteristics], Vizantijskij vremennik, vol. 30. (Moscow, 1969), pp. 94–112.
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The Alliance between Byzantium and Rus’ Before the Conquest of Constantinople by the Crusaders in 1204
In: Russian HistorySearch for other papers by Alexander V. Maiorov in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
The Galician-Volhynian prince Roman Mstislavich became the main military ally of the Byzantine Empire in the early 13th century. The circumstances and the time of Roman’s campaign in Niketas Choniates’ account are the same as in the Russian chronicles reporting the steppe campaigns of the prince. All the Byzantine sources name Roman Mstislavich the “igemon of Galicia”. The term igemon, unlike other Byzantine titles of Rusian princes, meant the Emperor’s ally and relative (or in-law). The alliance between Alexios III and Roman led also to more stable relations with the Rusian population of the Lower Dniester and the Lower Danube. The military aid that Roman rendered to Alexios III was guaranteed by Roman’s marriage to the niece of Alexios III, the elder daughter of the overthrown emperor Isaak II.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1183 | 471 | 23 |
| Full Text Views | 225 | 9 | 2 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 94 | 17 | 2 |