Do you want to stay informed about this journal? Click the buttons to subscribe to our alerts.
Effect of Temporal Frequency Spectra of Flicker on Time Perception: Behavioral Testing and Simulations Using a Striatal Beat Frequency Model
In: Timing & Time PerceptionWhen a visually presented stimulus flickers, the perceived stimulus duration exceeds the actual duration. This effect is called ‘time dilation’. On the basis of recent electrophysiological findings, we hypothesized that this flicker induced time dilation is caused by distortions of the internal clock, which is composed of many oscillators with many intrinsic vibration frequencies. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted behavioral experiments and a neural simulation. In the behavioral experiments, we measured flicker induced time dilation at various flicker frequencies. The stimulus was either a steadily presented patch or a flickering patch. The temporal frequency spectrum of the flickering patch was either single peaked at 10.9, 15, or 30 Hz, peaked with a narrow band at 8–12 or 12–16 Hz, or peaked with broad band at 4–30 Hz. Time dilation was observed with 10.9 Hz, 15 Hz, 30 Hz, or 8–12 Hz flickers, but not with 12–16 Hz or 4–30 Hz flickers. These results indicate that both the peak frequency and the width of the frequency distribution contribute to time dilation. To explain our behavioral results in the context of a physiological model, we proposed a model that combined the Striatal Beat Frequency Model and neural entrainment. The simulation successfully predicted the effect of flicker frequency locality and frequency specificity on time dilation, as observed in the behavioral experiments.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Allman M. J., , & Meck W. H. (2012). Pathophysiological distortions in time perception and timed performance. Brain, 135, 656–677.
-
Allman M. J., , Teki S., Griffiths T. D., , & Meck W. H. (2014). Properties of the internal clock: First- and second-order principles of subjective time. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 65, 743–771.
-
Basar E., , Schurmann M., , Basar-Eroglu C., , & Karakas S. (1997). Alpha oscillations in brain functioning: An integrative theory. Int. J. Psychophysiol., 26, 5–29.
-
Binetti N., , Lecce F., , & Doricchi F. (2012). Time-dilation and time-contraction in an anisochronous and anisometric visual scenery. J. Vis., 12, 8.
-
Brown S. W. (1995). Time, change, and motion: The effects of stimulus movement on temporal perception. Percept. Psychophys., 57, 105–116.
-
Buhusi C. V., , & Meck W. H. (2005). What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing. Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 6, 755–765.
-
Buzsaki G., , & Mizuseki K. (2014). The log-dynamic brain: How skewed distributions affect network operations. Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 15, 264–278.
-
Chen L. (2014). How may neural oscillators we need on sub- and supra-second intervals processing in the primate brain. Front. Psychol., 5, 1263.
-
Ding J., , Sperling G., , & Srinivasan R. (2006). Attentional modulation of SSVEP power depends on the network tagged by the flicker frequency. Cereb. Cortex, 16, 1016–1029.
-
Droit-Volet S., , & Wearden J. (2002). Speeding up an internal clock in children? Effects of visual flicker on subjective duration. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. B, 55, 193–211.
-
Gu B., , van Rijn H., , & Meck W. H. (2015). Oscillatory multiplexing of neural population codes for interval timing and working memory. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 48, 160–185.
-
Hayashi M. J., , Kantele M., , Walsh V., , Carlson S., , & Kanai R. (2014). Dissociable neuroanatomical correlates of subsecond and suprasecond time perception. J. Cogn. Neurosci., 26, 1685–1693.
-
Herbst S. K., , Javadi A. H., , van der Meer E., , & Busch N. A. (2013). How long depends on how fast–perceived flicker dilates subjective duration. PLoS One, 8, .
-
Johnston A., , Arnold D. H., , & Nishida S. (2006). Spatially localized distortions of event time. Curr. Biol., 16, 472–479.
-
Kanai R., , Paffen C. L., , Hogendoorn H., , & Verstraten F. A. (2006). Time dilation in dynamic visual display. J. Vis., 6, 1421–1430.
-
Kaneko S., , & Murakami I. (2009). Perceived duration of visual motion increases with speed. J. Vis., 9, 14.
-
Klimesch W. (2012). Alpha-band oscillations, attention, and controlled access to stored information. Trends Cogn. Sci., 16, 606–617.
-
Lewis P. A., , & Miall R. C. (2003a). Brain activation patterns during mesurement of sub- and supra-second intervals. Neuropsychologia, 41, 1583–1592.
-
Lewis P. A., , & Miall R. C. (2003b). Distinct systems for automatic and cognitively controlled time measurement: Evidence from neuroimaging. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 13, 250–255.
-
Malapani C., , Rakitin B., , Levy R., , Meck W. H., , Deweer B., , Dubois B., , & Gibbon J. (1998). Coupled temporal memories in Parkinson’s disease: A dopamine-related dysfunction. J. Cogn. Neurosci., 10, 316–331.
-
Matell M. S., , & Meck W. H. (2004). Cortico-striatal circuits and interval timing: Coincidence detection of oscillatory processes. Cogn. Brain Res., 21, 139–170.
-
Mauk M. D., , & Buonomano D. V. (2004). The neural basis of temporal processing. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 27, 307–340.
-
Meck W. H. (1996). Neuropharmacology of timing and time perception. Cogn. Brain Res., 3, 227–242.
-
Merchant H., , Harrington D. L., , & Meck W. H. (2013). Neural basis of the perception and estimation of time. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 36, 313–336.
-
Morillon B., , Kell C. A., , & Giraud A. L. (2009). Three stages and four neural systems in time estimation. J. Neurosci., 29, 14803–14811.
-
Oprisan S. A., , & Boutan C. (2008). Prediction of entrainment and 1:1 phase-locked modes in two-neuron networks based on the phase resetting curve method. Int. J. Neurosci., 118, 867–890.
-
Oprisan S. A., , & Buhusi C. V. (2013). Why noise is useful in functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing? BMC Neurosci., 14, 84.
-
Ortega L., , & Lopez F. (2008). Effects of visual flicker on subjective time in a temporal bisection task. Behav. Process., 78, 380–386.
-
Perkel D. H., , Schulman J. H., , Bullock T. H., , Moore G. P., , & Segundo J. P. (1964). Pacemaker neurons: Effects of regularly spaced synaptic input. Science, 145(3627), 61–63.
-
Plomp G., , Van Leeuwen C., , & Gepshtein S. (2012). Perception of time in articulated visual events. Front. Psychol., 3, 564.
-
Regan D. (1977). Steady-state evoked potentials. J. Opt. Soc. Am., 67, 1475–1489.
-
Schiffman H. R., , & Bobko D. J. (1974). Effects of stimulus complexity on the perception of brief temporal intervals. J. Exp. Psychol., 103, 156–159.
-
Schurmann M., , Basar-Eroglu C., , & Basar E. (1998). Evoked EEG alpha oscillations in the cat brain—A correlate of primary sensory processing? Neurosci Lett, 240, 41–44.
-
Treisman M., , & Brogan D. (1992). Time perception and the internal clock: Effects of visual flicker on the temporal oscillator. Eur. J. Cogn. Psychol., 4, 41–70.
-
Treisman M., , Cook N., , Naish P. L., , & MacCrone J. K. (1994). The internal clock: Electroencephalographic evidence for oscillatory processes underlying time perception. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. A, 47, 241–289.
-
Van Rijn H., , Gu B. M., , & Meck W. H. (2014). Dedicated clock/timing-circuit theories of time perception and timed performance. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 829, 75–99.
-
Van Wassenhove V., , Buonomano D. V., , Shimojo S., , & Shams L. (2008). Distortions of subjective time perception within and across senses. PLoS One, 3, .
-
Van Wassenhove V., , Wittmann M., , Craig A. D., , & Paulus M. P. (2011). Psychological and neural mechanisms of subjective time dilation. Front. Neurosci., 5, 56.
-
Walsh V. (2003). A theory of magnitude: Common cortical metrics of time, space and quantity. Trends Cogn. Sci., 7, 483–488.
-
Xuan B., , Zhang D., , He S., , & Chen X. (2007). Larger stimuli are judged to last longer. J. Vis., 7, 2 1–5.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 798 | 99 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 175 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 32 | 9 | 0 |
Effect of Temporal Frequency Spectra of Flicker on Time Perception: Behavioral Testing and Simulations Using a Striatal Beat Frequency Model
In: Timing & Time PerceptionWhen a visually presented stimulus flickers, the perceived stimulus duration exceeds the actual duration. This effect is called ‘time dilation’. On the basis of recent electrophysiological findings, we hypothesized that this flicker induced time dilation is caused by distortions of the internal clock, which is composed of many oscillators with many intrinsic vibration frequencies. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted behavioral experiments and a neural simulation. In the behavioral experiments, we measured flicker induced time dilation at various flicker frequencies. The stimulus was either a steadily presented patch or a flickering patch. The temporal frequency spectrum of the flickering patch was either single peaked at 10.9, 15, or 30 Hz, peaked with a narrow band at 8–12 or 12–16 Hz, or peaked with broad band at 4–30 Hz. Time dilation was observed with 10.9 Hz, 15 Hz, 30 Hz, or 8–12 Hz flickers, but not with 12–16 Hz or 4–30 Hz flickers. These results indicate that both the peak frequency and the width of the frequency distribution contribute to time dilation. To explain our behavioral results in the context of a physiological model, we proposed a model that combined the Striatal Beat Frequency Model and neural entrainment. The simulation successfully predicted the effect of flicker frequency locality and frequency specificity on time dilation, as observed in the behavioral experiments.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 798 | 99 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 175 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 32 | 9 | 0 |