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Development and Validation of the Temporal Competency Test-5D

In: Timing & Time Perception
Authors:
Tianna Loose Department of Psychology, University of Nantes, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, B.P. 81227, 44312 Nantes Cedex 3, France
Department of Psychology, University of Québec in Montréal, 405 Rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada
Universidad de la República de Uruguay, Av. 18 de Julio 1824-1850, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay

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Didier Acier Department of Psychology, University of Nantes, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, B.P. 81227, 44312 Nantes Cedex 3, France

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Jean Luc Pilet Department of Psychology, University of Nantes, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, B.P. 81227, 44312 Nantes Cedex 3, France

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Aurore Deledalle Department of Psychology, University of Nantes, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, B.P. 81227, 44312 Nantes Cedex 3, France

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Ghassan El-Baalbaki Department of Psychology, University of Québec in Montréal, 405 Rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada

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We developed and validated a new version of our test of temporal competency. In three studies we (1) defined dimensions, created items and studied face and content validity; (2) examined dimensionality and reliability; and (3) confirmed factor structure and studied convergent validity. Focus groups were held in which we drew up temporal concepts that articulated well with clinical observations. We derived a questionnaire that was administered to French young people and this data was used to reduce the questionnaire to 15 items. Reliability and validity of the 15-item version was studied among samples: French college, French high school, and Québec college. Five dimensions were defined and retained: anticipation, full present, temporal rupture, past, future. 15 items explained 68% of variance. The model provided adequate fit in confirmatory analyses across samples. Scales converged with hypothesized dimensions of the ZTPI and scales mostly maintained acceptable reliability. Conceptual issues with ZTPI were addressed, possibly rectified and discussed in light of clinical practice. The past was defined by how much one grows from experience independently of how ‘happy’ or ‘sad’ events were. Full present and temporal rupture relate to living in the now, the first by means of flow and engagement, the second by means of addictive behaviors. Future entailed a projection unto uncertainty, whereas anticipation defined adapting behavior in order to achieve short-term goals. We found that the questionnaire had adequate psychometric proprieties among Francophone youth in Canada and in France.

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