Lorenzo Perrone, “The necessity of advice: spiritual direction as a school of Christianity in the correspondence of Barsanuphius and John of Gaza,” in Christian Gaza in Late Antiquity, ed. by Brouria Bitton-Ashkelony and Aryeh Kofsky (Leiden: Brill, 2004) 131-149 (‘the idea of “being for the other” may conveniently sum up both the essential dynamics of the human religious experience of this monasticism and its lasting significance as a “school of Christianity” ’, 148); Brouria Bitton-Ashkelony and Aryeh Kofsky, The Monastic School of Gaza (Leiden: Brill, 2006) passim; Rosa Maria Parrinello, “La scuola monastica di Gaza,” Rivista di storia del cristianesimo 5 (2008) 545-565. See also François Neyt, “A Form of Charismatic Authority,” Eastern Churches Review 6 (1974) 52-65, here 57.

Lorenzo Perrone, “The necessity of advice: spiritual direction as a school of Christianity in the correspondence of Barsanuphius and John of Gaza,” in Christian Gaza in Late Antiquity, ed. by Brouria Bitton-Ashkelony and Aryeh Kofsky (Leiden: Brill, 2004) 131-149 (‘the idea of “being for the other” may conveniently sum up both the essential dynamics of the human religious experience of this monasticism and its lasting significance as a “school of Christianity” ’, 148); Brouria Bitton-Ashkelony and Aryeh Kofsky, The Monastic School of Gaza (Leiden: Brill, 2006) passim; Rosa Maria Parrinello, “La scuola monastica di Gaza,” Rivista di storia del cristianesimo 5 (2008) 545-565. See also François Neyt, “A Form of Charismatic Authority,” Eastern Churches Review 6 (1974) 52-65, here 57.)| false
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Alois Grillmeier et al., Christ in Christian Tradition, vol. 2.3: The Churches of Jerusalem and Antioch from 451 to 600 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013) 109-112. Further, Rosa Maria Parrinello, Comunità monastiche a Gaza: Da Isaia a Doroteo (secoli IV-VI) (Rome: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 2010) 215-230 studies social mechanisms in Dorotheus’ community.

Alois Grillmeier et al., Christ in Christian Tradition, vol. 2.3: The Churches of Jerusalem and Antioch from 451 to 600 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013) 109-112. Further, Rosa Maria Parrinello, Comunità monastiche a Gaza: Da Isaia a Doroteo (secoli IV-VI) (Rome: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 2010) 215-230 studies social mechanisms in Dorotheus’ community.)| false
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Lillian I. Larsen, “On learning a new alphabet: The sayings of the Desert Fathers and the Monostichs of Menander,” Studia Patristica 55 (2013) 59-77. Samuel Rubenson, “Monasticism and the Philosophical Heritage,” in The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity, ed. by Scott F. Johnson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012) 487-512. Philip Rousseau, “Ascetics as mediators and as teachers,” in The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Essays on the Contribution of Peter Brown, ed. by James Howard-Johnston and Paul Antony Hayward (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 45-59, here 55: ‘I believe it was the schola, the world of the paidagogos . . . Here was the milieu that the Christian ascetic wished to capture, to colonize, to redefine.’

Lillian I. Larsen, “On learning a new alphabet: The sayings of the Desert Fathers and the Monostichs of Menander,” Studia Patristica 55 (2013) 59-77. Samuel Rubenson, “Monasticism and the Philosophical Heritage,” in The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity, ed. by Scott F. Johnson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012) 487-512. Philip Rousseau, “Ascetics as mediators and as teachers,” in The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Essays on the Contribution of Peter Brown, ed. by James Howard-Johnston and Paul Antony Hayward (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 45-59, here 55: ‘I believe it was the schola, the world of the paidagogos . . . Here was the milieu that the Christian ascetic wished to capture, to colonize, to redefine.’)| false
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Robert Browning, “Education in the Roman Empire,” in The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 14: Late Antiquity, Empires and Successors AD 425-600, ed. by Averil Cameron, Bryan Ward-Perkins and Michael Whitby (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001) 855-883 gives a useful overview of teaching in the period under discussion. On rhetorical teaching see Robert Kaster, Guardians of Language: The Grammarian and Society in Late Antiquity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988) and Raffaella Cribiore, Gymnastics of the Mind: Greek Education in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001).

Robert Browning, “Education in the Roman Empire,” in The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 14: Late Antiquity, Empires and Successors AD 425-600, ed. by Averil Cameron, Bryan Ward-Perkins and Michael Whitby (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001) 855-883 gives a useful overview of teaching in the period under discussion. On rhetorical teaching see Robert Kaster, Guardians of Language: The Grammarian and Society in Late Antiquity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988) and Raffaella Cribiore, Gymnastics of the Mind: Greek Education in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001).)| false
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Richard Lamberton, “The schools of Platonic philosophy of the Roman Empire: The evidence of the biographies,” in Education in Greek and Roman Antiquity, ed. by Y. L. Too (Leiden: Brill, 2001) 433-458 gives an instructive overview based on the Lives. See also Edward J. Watts, City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006) on the schools’ place in the intellectual milieus of Athens and Alexandria.

Richard Lamberton, “The schools of Platonic philosophy of the Roman Empire: The evidence of the biographies,” in Education in Greek and Roman Antiquity, ed. by Y. L. Too (Leiden: Brill, 2001) 433-458 gives an instructive overview based on the Lives. See also Edward J. Watts, City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006) on the schools’ place in the intellectual milieus of Athens and Alexandria.)| false
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Elżbieta Szabat, “Teachers in the Eastern Roman Empire (Fifth-Seventh Centuries),” in Alexandria: Auditoria of Kom el-Dikka and Late Antique Education, ed. by Tomasz Derda, Tomasz Markiewicz, and Ewa Wipszycka (Warsaw: Warsaw University, 2007) 177-345, here 181-208 analyses the categories of teachers in late antiquity, but also points out their fuzziness.

Elżbieta Szabat, “Teachers in the Eastern Roman Empire (Fifth-Seventh Centuries),” in Alexandria: Auditoria of Kom el-Dikka and Late Antique Education, ed. by Tomasz Derda, Tomasz Markiewicz, and Ewa Wipszycka (Warsaw: Warsaw University, 2007) 177-345, here 181-208 analyses the categories of teachers in late antiquity, but also points out their fuzziness.)| false
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See Harold Tarrant, “Platonist curricula and their influence,” in The Routledge Handbook of Neoplatonism, ed. by Pauliina Remes and Svetla Slaveva-Griffin (Abingdon: Routledge, 2014) 15-29 on the Iamblichian curriculum that dominated Neoplatonic schooling.

See Harold Tarrant, “Platonist curricula and their influence,” in The Routledge Handbook of Neoplatonism, ed. by Pauliina Remes and Svetla Slaveva-Griffin (Abingdon: Routledge, 2014) 15-29 on the Iamblichian curriculum that dominated Neoplatonic schooling.)| false
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Szabat, “Teachers,” 195.

Szabat, “Teachers,” 195.)| false
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Lamberton, “Schools,” 446-447. See also Champion, Explaining, 36-37 on the overlap between philosophical and rhetorical teaching. With regard to the local background of Dorotheus’ monastery, we may add that Aeneas and Procopius of Gaza both combined rhetorical education with philosophical interests.

Lamberton, “Schools,” 446-447. See also Champion, Explaining, 36-37 on the overlap between philosophical and rhetorical teaching. With regard to the local background of Dorotheus’ monastery, we may add that Aeneas and Procopius of Gaza both combined rhetorical education with philosophical interests.)| false
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Szabat, “Teachers,” 197-198.

Szabat, “Teachers,” 197-198.)| false
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Lamberton, “Schools,” 440.

Lamberton, “Schools,” 440.)| false
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Henrik Rydell Johnsén, “Renunciation, Reorientation and Guidance: Patterns in Early Monasticism and Ancient Philosophy,” Studia Patristica 55 (2013) 79-94.

Henrik Rydell Johnsén, “Renunciation, Reorientation and Guidance: Patterns in Early Monasticism and Ancient Philosophy,” Studia Patristica 55 (2013) 79-94.)| false
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Leah Di Segni, “Monk and society: The case of Palestine,” in The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the Fifth Century to the Present, ed. by Joseph Patrich (Leuven: Peeters, 2001) 31-36. See also Rubenson, “Monasticism,” 489-491.

Leah Di Segni, “Monk and society: The case of Palestine,” in The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the Fifth Century to the Present, ed. by Joseph Patrich (Leuven: Peeters, 2001) 31-36. See also Rubenson, “Monasticism,” 489-491.)| false
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Hadot, Philosophy, 209-211. Michel Foucault has also drawn attention to the practice of ‘writing the self’, for instance in The Hermeneutics of the Subject: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1981-82, ed. by F. Gros (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005) 358-362.

Hadot, Philosophy, 209-211. Michel Foucault has also drawn attention to the practice of ‘writing the self’, for instance in The Hermeneutics of the Subject: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1981-82, ed. by F. Gros (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005) 358-362.)| false
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Hadot, Philosophy, 209-210.

Hadot, Philosophy, 209-210.)| false
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Hevelone-Harper, Disciples, 76-77.

Hevelone-Harper, Disciples, 76-77.)| false
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See also Heinrich von Staden, “La lecture comme thérapie dans la médecine gréco-romaine,” Comptes-rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 146 (2002) 803-822 on the use of reading in ancient physical and mental therapy.

See also Heinrich von Staden, “La lecture comme thérapie dans la médecine gréco-romaine,” Comptes-rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 146 (2002) 803-822 on the use of reading in ancient physical and mental therapy.)| false
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