Evidence for the Sea Peoples from Biblical and Later Jewish Writing from Late Antiquity
In: Vetus TestamentumSearch for other papers by Adam Peiper in
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The French Egyptologist Emmanuel de Rougé termed the sea-borne foreign invaders who invaded Egypt during the late Bronze Age on the basis of the Great Karnak inscription, “peuples de la mer” or Sea Peoples. Recently however, specialists, in the absence of more direct evidence of the use of this term in antiquity, have called into question its historical provenance and have even declared it a “modern term”. Ancient Jewish writings, by contrast, refer to several Peoples of the Sea which notably include the Philistines. Moreover, close examination of the orthography of biblical ethnonyms in the context of migratory sea passages in both the Masoretic text and the Septuagint demonstrates the existence of a previously undescribed productive genitive sea-borne indicator within the very fabric of the biblical text.
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1
Eric H. Cline, 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2014).
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4
Robert Drews, The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe Ca. 1200 B.C. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993), 4.
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7
Ann E. Killebrew and Gunnar Lehmann, The Philistines and Other “Sea Peoples” in Text and Archaeology (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2013), 1, note 1.
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8
Philip P. Betancourt, “The Aegean and the Origin of the Sea Peoples,” in The Sea Peoples and Their World: A Reassessment, ed. Eliezer D. Oren (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum, 2000), 297.
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9
Itamar Singer, “the Origin of the Sea Peoples and Their Settlement on the Coast of Canaan,” in Society and Economy in the Eastern Mediterranean (c. 1500-1000 B.C.): Proceedings of the International Symposium held at the University of Haifa from the 28th of April to the 2nd of May 1985, ed. M. Heltzer and E. Lipiński (Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters, 1988), 239.
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10
Robert Drews, “Medinet Habu: Oxcarts, Ships and Migration Theories,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 59 (2000): 166.
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11
Ann E. Killebrew, Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, and Early Israel, 1300-1100 B.C.E. (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2005), 237, note 23; Killebrew and Lehmann, Philistines and Other “Sea Peoples”, 1, note 1.
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14
Cline, 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed, 4; Vandersleyen, “Le Dossier Égyptien Des Philistins,” 39-40.
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16
Donald B. Redford, Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), 252, note 51.
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28
R. A. Stewart Macalister, The Philistines: Their History and Civilization (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1913), 1, note 1.
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31
Sandra Landis Gogel, A Grammar of Epigraphic Hebrew (Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press, 1998), 49-74; Angel Sáenz-Badillos, a History of the Hebrew Language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 66.
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33
Killebrew and Lehmann, The Philistines and Other “Sea Peoples”, 3.
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38
Macalister, The Philistines: Their History and Civilization, 3.
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39
Cassuto, Commentary on Genesis, 192; Speiser, Genesis, 65, note 2; Westermann, Genesis 1-11, 507.
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40
Cassuto, Commentary on Genesis, 204; Delitzsch, New Commentary on Genesis, 327; Abraham Ibn Ezra’s Commentary on Gen. 10:13; Kiel and Mēdan, Sēfer Ber󠅡ešit, 257; Machinist, “Biblical Traditions: The Philistines and Israelite History,” 70, note 3; Nachmanides’ Commentary on Gen. 10:13; Sarna, The JPS Torah Commentary: Genesis, 75; Speiser, Genesis, 68; Westermann, Genesis 1-11, 519.
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41
Dillman, Genesis Critically and Exegetically Expounded, 315-316; Gunkel, Genesis, 87; Sara Japhet, I & II Chronicles (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1993), 58; David Kimḥi’s Commentary on Gen 10:1; Mathews, The New American Commentary: Genesis 1-11:26, 434, note 17; Ruppert, Genesis: Ein Kritischer und Theologischer Kommentar, 445-447; Wenham, Word Biblical Commentary: Genesis 1-15, 214.
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43
Gunkel, Genesis, 86; Ruppert, Genesis: Ein Kritischer und Theologischer Kommentar, 447; Wenham, Word Biblical Commentary: Genesis 1-15, 224; Westermann, Genesis 1-11, 507, 519-520.
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Evidence for the Sea Peoples from Biblical and Later Jewish Writing from Late Antiquity
In: Vetus TestamentumSearch for other papers by Adam Peiper in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
The French Egyptologist Emmanuel de Rougé termed the sea-borne foreign invaders who invaded Egypt during the late Bronze Age on the basis of the Great Karnak inscription, “peuples de la mer” or Sea Peoples. Recently however, specialists, in the absence of more direct evidence of the use of this term in antiquity, have called into question its historical provenance and have even declared it a “modern term”. Ancient Jewish writings, by contrast, refer to several Peoples of the Sea which notably include the Philistines. Moreover, close examination of the orthography of biblical ethnonyms in the context of migratory sea passages in both the Masoretic text and the Septuagint demonstrates the existence of a previously undescribed productive genitive sea-borne indicator within the very fabric of the biblical text.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1157 | 80 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 289 | 2 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 111 | 7 | 1 |