This brief study dialogues with Mikhail Bakhtin’s insights to evaluate the rhetoric of Jonah’s humor. The “carnivalesque” lens invites the reader to revel in the dialogic dissonances of the book, for in carnival fashion, the humor of Jonah counters the seriousness of a seemingly determined world with the liberating laughter of open-ended ambiguity. In Jonah, social hierarchies are collapsed, the hero is debased, and the world is depicted in grotesque and hyperbolic form. By embodying a “carnival sense of the world,” the humor in Jonah wonders aloud: What if the world is not as simple, ordered, and predictable as the prophetic voice often assumes? That idea is provoked and prodded by embodying the idea of “the prophet” in the character of Jonah and dropping him into unusual circumstances, as an authentically open-ended, literary, thought experiment. In that experiment, “Who knows?” Anything could happen.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Ackerman, James S. “Satire and Symbolism in the Song of Jonah.” Pages 213–246 in Traditions in Transformation: Turning Points in Biblical Faith. Edited by Baruch Halpern and Jon D. Levenson. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1981.
Aschkenasy, Nehama. “Reading Ruth through a Bakhtinian Lens: The Carnivalesque in a Biblical Tale.” JBL 126 (2007): 437–453.
Bakhtin, Mikhail. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. Edited by Caryl Emerson. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.
Bakhtin, Mikhail. Rabelais and His World. Translated by Hélène Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.
Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Edited by Michael Holquist. Translated by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981.
Band, Arnold J. “Swallowing Jonah: The Eclipse of Parody.” Proof 10 (1990): 177–195.
Bolin, Thomas M. “Jonah 4,11 and the Problem of Exegetical Anachronism.” SJOT 24 (2010): 99–109.
Branham, R. Bracht, ed. The Bakhtin Circle and Ancient Narrative. Ancient Narrative Supplements 3. Groningen: Groningen University Library, 2005.
Branham, R. Bracht. “The Poetics of Genre: Bakhtin/Menippus/Petronius.” Pages 3–31 in The Bakhtin Circle and Ancient Narrative. Edited by R. Bracht Branham. Ancient Narrative Supplements 3. Groningen: Groningen University Library, 2005.
Bussie, Jacqueline A. “Laughter as Ethical and Theological Resistance: Leymah Gbowee, Sarah, and the Hidden Transcript.” Int 69 (2015): 169–182.
Claassens, L. Juliana M. “Laughter and Tears: Carnivalistic Overtones in the Stories of Sarah and Hagar.” PRSt 32 (2005): 295–308.
Claassens, L. Juliana M. “Rethinking Humour in the Book of Jonah: Tragic Laughter as Resistance in the Context of Trauma.” OTE 28 (2015): 655–673.
Craig, Kenneth M. A Poetics of Jonah: Art in the Service of Ideology. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1993.
Craig, Kenneth M. “Jonah in Recent Research.” CurBS 7 (1999): 97–118.
Craig, Kenneth M. Reading Esther: A Case for the Literary Carnivalesque. Literary Currents in Biblical Interpretation. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1995.
Döhling, Jan-Dirk. “Das Wüten der Welt: Zur literarischen und narrativen Funktion der Schöpfungsdynamik in Jona 1 und 2.” BN 157 (2013): 3–32.
Elata-Alster, Gerda, and Rachel Salmon. “The Deconstruction of Genre in the Book of Jonah: Towards a Theological Discourse.” Journal of Literature and Theology 3 (1989): 40–60.
García-Treto, Francisco O. “The Fall of the House: A Carnivalesque Reading of 2 Kings 9 and 10.” JSOT 46 (1990): 47–65.
Green, Barbara. “Bakhtin and the Bible: A Select Bibliography.” PRSt 32 (2005): 339–345.
Green, Barbara. Jonah’s Journeys. Interfaces. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2005.
Heerden, Willie van. “Humour and the Interpretation of the Book of Jonah.” OTE 5 (1992): 389–401.
Holbert, John C. “‘Deliverance Belongs to Yahweh’: Satire in the Book of Jonah.” JSOT 21 (1981): 59–81.
LaCocque, André, and Pierre-Emmanuel LaCocque. Jonah: A Psycho-Religious Approach to the Prophet. Studies on Personalities of the Old Testament. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1990.
Landes, George M. “Textual ‘Information Gaps’ and ‘Dissonances’ in the Interpretation of the Book of Jonah.” Pages 273–293 in Ki Baruch Hu: Ancient Near Eastern, Biblical, and Judaic Studies in Honor of Baruch A. Levine. Edited by Robert Chazan, William W. Hallo, and Lawrence H. Schiffman. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1999.
Landes, George M. “The Kerygma of the Book of Jonah: The Contextual Interpretation of the Jonah Psalm.” Int 21 (1967): 3–31.
Lichtert, Claude. “Récit et noms de Dieu dans le livre de Jonas.” Bib 84 (2003): 247–251.
Lim, Sung Uk. “Jonah’s Transformation and Transformation of Jonah from the Bakhtinian Perspective of Authoring and Re-Authoring.” JSOT 33 (2008): 245–256.
Marcus, David. “Nineveh’s ‘Three Days’ Walk’ (Jonah 3:3): Another Interpretation.” Pages 42–53 in On the Way to Nineveh: Studies in Honor of George M. Landes. Edited by Stephen L. Cook and S. C. Winter. ASOR Books 4. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1999.
Miles, John A. “Laughing at the Bible: Jonah as Parody.” Pages 203–215 in On Humour and the Comic in the Hebrew Bible. Edited by Yehuda T. Radday and Athalya Brenner. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1990.
Orth, Michael. “Genre in Jonah: The Effects of Parody in the Book of Jonah.” Pages 257–281 in The Bible in the Light of Cuneiform Literature: Scripture in Context III. Edited by William W. Hallo, Bruce William Jones, and Gerald L. Mattingly. Ancient Near Eastern Texts and Studies 8. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1990.
Paynter, Helen. Reduced Laughter: Seriocomic Features and Their Functions in the Book of Kings. Leiden: Brill, 2016.
Proulx, Michel. “Plaidoyer satirique pour un décloisonnement des frontières: La théologie inclusive du livre de Jonas.” ScEs 71 (2019): 335–345.
Sasson, Jack M. Jonah: A New Translation with Introduction, Commentary, and Interpretations. AB 24. New York: Doubleday, 1990.
Sherwood, Yvonne. A Biblical Text and Its Afterlives: The Survival of Jonah in Western Culture. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Sherwood, Yvonne. “Cross-Currents in the Book of Jonah: Some Jewish and Cultural Midrashim on a Traditional Text.” BibInt 6 (1998): 49–79.
Strawn, Brent A. “Jonah’s Sailors and Their Lot Casting: A Rhetorical-Critical Observation.” Bib 91 (2010): 66–76.
Strawn, Brent A. “On Vomiting: Leviticus, Jonah, Ea(a)Rth.” CBQ 74 (2012): 445–464.
Tiemeyer, Lena-Sofia. “A New Look at the Biological Sex/Grammatical Gender of Jonah’s Fish.” VT 67 (2017): 307–323.
Valeta, David M. “Court or Jester Tales? Resistance and Social Reality in Daniel 1–6.” PRSt 32 (2005): 309–324.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 277 | 157 | 9 |
Full Text Views | 49 | 22 | 3 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 146 | 62 | 8 |
This brief study dialogues with Mikhail Bakhtin’s insights to evaluate the rhetoric of Jonah’s humor. The “carnivalesque” lens invites the reader to revel in the dialogic dissonances of the book, for in carnival fashion, the humor of Jonah counters the seriousness of a seemingly determined world with the liberating laughter of open-ended ambiguity. In Jonah, social hierarchies are collapsed, the hero is debased, and the world is depicted in grotesque and hyperbolic form. By embodying a “carnival sense of the world,” the humor in Jonah wonders aloud: What if the world is not as simple, ordered, and predictable as the prophetic voice often assumes? That idea is provoked and prodded by embodying the idea of “the prophet” in the character of Jonah and dropping him into unusual circumstances, as an authentically open-ended, literary, thought experiment. In that experiment, “Who knows?” Anything could happen.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 277 | 157 | 9 |
Full Text Views | 49 | 22 | 3 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 146 | 62 | 8 |