Christoph Antweiler, “Local Knowledge and Local Knowing: An Anthropological Analysis of Contested ‘Cultural Products’ in the Context of Development”, Anthropos 93 (1998), 469–94, esp. 469–70 and 473ff.

Christoph Antweiler, “Local Knowledge and Local Knowing: An Anthropological Analysis of Contested ‘Cultural Products’ in the Context of Development”, Anthropos 93 (1998), 469–94, esp. 469–70 and 473ff.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

See James E. Baldwin, “Petitioning the Sultan in Ottoman Egypt”, BSOAS 75 (2012), 1–26. Only in very important cases did the government send a special agent (mübāşir) to look into the issue. Such important cases were duly entered into the Mühimme registers.

See James E. Baldwin, “Petitioning the Sultan in Ottoman Egypt”, BSOAS 75 (2012), 1–26. Only in very important cases did the government send a special agent (mübāşir) to look into the issue. Such important cases were duly entered into the Mühimme registers.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Deringil, “State”, 338.

Deringil, “State”, 338.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Reinkowski, Dinge, 24.

Reinkowski, Dinge, 24.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Reinkowski, Dinge, 283–7. For similar efforts in two other remote provinces, cf. Kühn, Empire,and Herzog, Herrschaft.

Reinkowski, Dinge, 283–7. For similar efforts in two other remote provinces, cf. Kühn, Empire,and Herzog, Herrschaft.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Bayly, Empire, 3–9.

Bayly, Empire, 3–9.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Yuval Ben-Bassat, “In Search of Justice: Petitions Sent from Palestine to Istanbul from the 1870’s Onwards”, Turcica 41 (2009), 89–114. For intensified communication by telegraph, see Eugene Rogan, “Instant Communication: The Impact of the Telegraph in Ottoman Syria”, in: Thomas Philipp and Birgit Schäbler (eds.), The Syrian Land: Processes of Integration and Fragmentation. Bilād al-Shām from the 18th to the 20th Century, Stuttgart 1998; cf. Jürgen Osterhammel, Die Verwandlung der Welt: Eine Geschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts, München 2009, 1012–29.

Yuval Ben-Bassat, “In Search of Justice: Petitions Sent from Palestine to Istanbul from the 1870’s Onwards”, Turcica 41 (2009), 89–114. For intensified communication by telegraph, see Eugene Rogan, “Instant Communication: The Impact of the Telegraph in Ottoman Syria”, in: Thomas Philipp and Birgit Schäbler (eds.), The Syrian Land: Processes of Integration and Fragmentation. Bilād al-Shām from the 18th to the 20th Century, Stuttgart 1998; cf. Jürgen Osterhammel, Die Verwandlung der Welt: Eine Geschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts, München 2009, 1012–29.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Sarıyıldız, Sokak Yazıcıları, 101–25. Cf. Yuval Ben-Bassat, “Rural Reactions to Zionist Activity in Palestine before and after the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 as Reflected in Petitions to Istanbul”, MES 49 (2013), 349–63, quote 352.

Sarıyıldız, Sokak Yazıcıları, 101–25. Cf. Yuval Ben-Bassat, “Rural Reactions to Zionist Activity in Palestine before and after the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 as Reflected in Petitions to Istanbul”, MES 49 (2013), 349–63, quote 352.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Darling, History, 5. Cf. the concepts of justice and grace in western and central Europe in Wolfgang Reinhard, Geschichte der Staatsgewalt: Eine vergleichende Verfassungsgeschichte Europas von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart, Munich 2002, 127. The philosophical dimension of justice is beyond the scope of this contribution.

Darling, History, 5. Cf. the concepts of justice and grace in western and central Europe in Wolfgang Reinhard, Geschichte der Staatsgewalt: Eine vergleichende Verfassungsgeschichte Europas von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart, Munich 2002, 127. The philosophical dimension of justice is beyond the scope of this contribution.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Faroqhi, “Political Activity”, 5f.; cf. Hakan Karateke, “Osmanlı Devleti‘nde ‘Adet-i Kadime’ Üstüne”, Journal of Turkish Studies 23 (1999), 117–34.

Faroqhi, “Political Activity”, 5f.; cf. Hakan Karateke, “Osmanlı Devleti‘nde ‘Adet-i Kadime’ Üstüne”, Journal of Turkish Studies 23 (1999), 117–34.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Cf. Faroqhi, “Political Activity”, 13–6. Before the 19th century, the suspected personnel consisted less of officials in the strict sense of the word than of governors, or tax farmers, and their agents (ehl-i ʿörf). However, complaints about other groups did occur as well, including qāḍīs or fellow subjects (Faroqhi, “Political Activity”, 17–27), but most complaints were directed against ehl-i ʿörf (41% in the 1649–53 sample of Saliha Okur Gümrükçüoğlu, “Şikâyet defterlerine göre Osmanlı teb’asının şikâyetleri”, Ankara Üniversi­tesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 61 (2012), 175–206, esp. 185ff.).

Cf. Faroqhi, “Political Activity”, 13–6. Before the 19th century, the suspected personnel consisted less of officials in the strict sense of the word than of governors, or tax farmers, and their agents (ehl-i ʿörf). However, complaints about other groups did occur as well, including qāḍīs or fellow subjects (Faroqhi, “Political Activity”, 17–27), but most complaints were directed against ehl-i ʿörf (41% in the 1649–53 sample of Saliha Okur Gümrükçüoğlu, “Şikâyet defterlerine göre Osmanlı teb’asının şikâyetleri”, Ankara Üniversi­tesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 61 (2012), 175–206, esp. 185ff.).)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Ahmida, The Making, 51–4. Rohlfs estimated that Sawkna had around 1,500 inhabitants and Hūn about 2,000 (Rohlfs, Kufra, 173 and 176).

Ahmida, The Making, 51–4. Rohlfs estimated that Sawkna had around 1,500 inhabitants and Hūn about 2,000 (Rohlfs, Kufra, 173 and 176).)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

See al-Būrī, Mujtamaʿ, 69.

See al-Būrī, Mujtamaʿ, 69.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Hasan Taner Kerimoğlu, “Meşrutiyet Üzerinde İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti’ne Karşı Hak Arama Mücadelesi: Fedakâran-ı Millet Cemiyeti”, Toplumsal Tarih 23/137 (2005), 40–5, and idem, “II. Meşrutiyet Döneminde Genel Haklar Savunusu Yapan Bir Gazete: Hukuk-ı Umumiye”, Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/18–19 (2009), 21–38. Necīb Nādir was appointed to Derna on 20 Eylūl 1324/3 October 1908 (DH.MKT 2634: ministry of the interior to finance ministry, 6 Şubāṭ 1324/19 February 1909).

Hasan Taner Kerimoğlu, “Meşrutiyet Üzerinde İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti’ne Karşı Hak Arama Mücadelesi: Fedakâran-ı Millet Cemiyeti”, Toplumsal Tarih 23/137 (2005), 40–5, and idem, “II. Meşrutiyet Döneminde Genel Haklar Savunusu Yapan Bir Gazete: Hukuk-ı Umumiye”, Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/18–19 (2009), 21–38. Necīb Nādir was appointed to Derna on 20 Eylūl 1324/3 October 1908 (DH.MKT 2634: ministry of the interior to finance ministry, 6 Şubāṭ 1324/19 February 1909).)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation