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The Gattilusio Lordships and the Aegean World 1355-1462
Series: - The Medieval Mediterranean, Volume: 100
Author:
In The Gattilusio Lordships and the Aegean World 1355-1462, Christopher Wright offers a window into the culturally and politically diverse late medieval Aegean. The overlapping influences of the contrasting networks of power at work in the region are explored through the history of one of many small and distinctive political units that flourished in this fragmented environment, the lordships of the Gattilusio family, centred on Lesbos. Though Genoese in origin, they owed their position to Byzantine authority. Though active in crusading, they cultivated congenial relations with the Ottomans. Though Catholic, they afforded exceptional freedom to the Orthodox Church. Their regime is shown to represent both a unique fusion of influences and a revealing microcosm of its times.
Christopher Wright, Ph.D. (2006), Royal Holloway, University of London, is a researcher at that college. He has published articles on cultural and political interactions between Byzantium and the Latin world and on commerce and crusading in the eastern Mediterranean.
Acknowledgements ... vii
List of Abbreviations ... ix
Maps ... xi
Family Tree of the Gattilusio Lords ... xvii
Introduction ... 1
Sources ... 7
The Geographical Setting ... 14
Secondary Literature ... 22
Structure ... 26
1 Political Context and Development ... 29
Background ... 29
The Lordships Before the Battle of Ankara ... 39
From the Battle of Ankara to the Fall of Constantinople ... 52
The Last Years ... 66
2 Byzantium: Sovereignty and Legitimacy ... 77
The Place of the Lordships in Byzantine Government ... 78
Family Relationships and Dynastic Struggles ... 96
Legitimacy and Mutual Advantage ... 105
The Self-Representation of the Regime ... 114
The Impact of the Byzantine Connection ... 124
3 Genoa: Migration and Solidarity ... 129
The Place of the Lordships in the Genoese World ... 132
Solidarity with the Genoese Community ... 144
Physical and Financial Disengagement from the Metropolis ... 152
Family Connections and Representatives in Genoa ... 162
Conflict Within the Community ... 168
The Alum Industry and Genoese Commerce ... 172
4 The Lordships as a Network: Family and Enterprise ... 187
Dynastic Policy and the Distribution of Power ... 188
The Role of the Extended Family in the Lordships ... 194
Commercial Connections ... 201
Divergent Patterns of Trade ... 218
Piracy ... 234
5 Inside the Lordships: Communities and Government ... 245
Inhabitants of the Lordships ... 246
Financial Resources ... 254
Latin Settlement ... 260
Governmental Forms and Functionaries ... 266
Religious Institutions ... 286
High Culture, Community Relations and the Union ... 302
6 Latin Christendom: Common Causes and Compromises ... 319
Incentives and Disincentives ... 321
Crusading against the Turks ... 326
The Pursuit of Goodwill ... 339
Church Union ... 345
The Attitudes of Others ... 348
7 The Turks: Security and Submission ... 359
Forces of Attraction and Repulsion ... 360
Turkish Division and Unification ... 366
Ottoman Crisis and Recovery ... 374
Failure to Endure ... 386
The Impetus for Conquest ... 393
Conclusion ... 399
Appendix 1: Old Phokaia ... 407
Appendix 2: Acquisitions in the Northern Aegean ... 413
Appendix 3: The Alum of Maroneia ... 419
Bibliography ... 423
Index ... 451
List of Abbreviations ... ix
Maps ... xi
Family Tree of the Gattilusio Lords ... xvii
Introduction ... 1
Sources ... 7
The Geographical Setting ... 14
Secondary Literature ... 22
Structure ... 26
1 Political Context and Development ... 29
Background ... 29
The Lordships Before the Battle of Ankara ... 39
From the Battle of Ankara to the Fall of Constantinople ... 52
The Last Years ... 66
2 Byzantium: Sovereignty and Legitimacy ... 77
The Place of the Lordships in Byzantine Government ... 78
Family Relationships and Dynastic Struggles ... 96
Legitimacy and Mutual Advantage ... 105
The Self-Representation of the Regime ... 114
The Impact of the Byzantine Connection ... 124
3 Genoa: Migration and Solidarity ... 129
The Place of the Lordships in the Genoese World ... 132
Solidarity with the Genoese Community ... 144
Physical and Financial Disengagement from the Metropolis ... 152
Family Connections and Representatives in Genoa ... 162
Conflict Within the Community ... 168
The Alum Industry and Genoese Commerce ... 172
4 The Lordships as a Network: Family and Enterprise ... 187
Dynastic Policy and the Distribution of Power ... 188
The Role of the Extended Family in the Lordships ... 194
Commercial Connections ... 201
Divergent Patterns of Trade ... 218
Piracy ... 234
5 Inside the Lordships: Communities and Government ... 245
Inhabitants of the Lordships ... 246
Financial Resources ... 254
Latin Settlement ... 260
Governmental Forms and Functionaries ... 266
Religious Institutions ... 286
High Culture, Community Relations and the Union ... 302
6 Latin Christendom: Common Causes and Compromises ... 319
Incentives and Disincentives ... 321
Crusading against the Turks ... 326
The Pursuit of Goodwill ... 339
Church Union ... 345
The Attitudes of Others ... 348
7 The Turks: Security and Submission ... 359
Forces of Attraction and Repulsion ... 360
Turkish Division and Unification ... 366
Ottoman Crisis and Recovery ... 374
Failure to Endure ... 386
The Impetus for Conquest ... 393
Conclusion ... 399
Appendix 1: Old Phokaia ... 407
Appendix 2: Acquisitions in the Northern Aegean ... 413
Appendix 3: The Alum of Maroneia ... 419
Bibliography ... 423
Index ... 451
Academic libraries, specialists, post-graduate students; those interested in the late medieval Aegean, the Latin East, the late Byzantine Empire, or the Genoese commercial network.