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Litigation at the International Court of Justice
Practice and Procedure
Series: - International Litigation in Practice, Volume: 10
Author:
Litigation at the International Court of Justice provides a systematic guide to questions of procedure arising when States come before the International Court of Justice to take part in contentious litigation. Quintana's approach is primarily empirical and emphasis is put on examples derived from actual practice. This book is mainly intended to help practitioners and advisors to governments engaged in actual cases and deliberately avoids theoretical discussions, favoring a pragmatic stance that is focused not so much on what authors have to say on any given topic concerning procedure, but rather on presenting, directly “from the Court’s mouth,” as it were, what ICJ judges actually have done and said over the last ninety years concerning such questions.
Juan José Quintana is an international law specialist with 30 years of experience in international affairs. A member of the Colombian foreign service since 1984, he is currently the Ambassador of Colombia to the Kingdom of The Netherlands.
Acknowledgments
Preface
A note on the quotation of decisions by the ICJ
List of abbreviations
Foreword by Eduardo Valencia-Ospina
PART I
FOUNDATIONS OF THE LITIGATION
1. Access
a) Capacity to be a party
b) Access and jurisdiction
c) The question of standing
d) States parties to cases
e) Parties to cases: Legal and practical implications
2. Jurisdiction
a) The principle of consent
b) Legal disputes
c) Exhaustion of diplomatic negotiations
d) Jurisdiction and propriety
e) The title of jurisdiction
f) Jurisdiction perfected by means of acts of procedure (forum prorogatum)
g) Incidental and interlocutory jurisdiction
PART II
PREPARING FOR AND STARTING THE LITIGATION
3. Governing instruments
a) Sources of the Procedural Law of the ICJ
b) Governing provisions and implementing regulations
c) The Statute
d) The Rules of Court
e) The Practice Directions
f) Procedural decisions
4. Procedure: General aspects
a) Components of procedure: Written stage and oral stage
b) Phases of a case and interlocutory proceedings
c) The Bench for a case: Changes in the composition of the Court
d) Pre-adjudicative steps by the parties
5. Institution of proceedings
a) The concept of seisin
b) Methods for instituting proceedings
c) Instituting proceedings by way of an Application
d) Instituting proceedings by way of a Special Agreement
e) Instituting incidental and derivative proceedings
f) Pre-adjudicative steps by the Court
Part III
CONDUCTING THE LITIGATION
(ORDINARY PROCEEDINGS)
6. Written proceedings stage: The pleadings
a) Number and order of pleadings
b) Contents of the pleadings
c) Annexes
d) Questions of language, printing and format
e) Closure of the written proceedings stage
f) “New documents”
g) Access to the pleadings
7. Oral proceedings stage: The hearings
a) The hearings
b) The final submissions
c) Questions for the parties
d) Closing (and reopening) of the oral stage
8. Evidence
a) The burden of proof
b) The standard of proof
c) Production and handling of evidence
d) Types of evidence
Part IV
ENDING THE LITIGATION
9. Modes of termination
a) Summary dismissal
b) Discontinuance
10. The Decision
a) The reading of the decision
b) Formal features and contents of the decision
c) The reasoning section: Aspects of methodology
d) Correction of errors in a decision
e) Individual opinions
f) Legal effects of the decision
g) Compliance and enforcement
Part V
THE LITIGATION INTERRUPTED
(INCIDENTAL PROCEEDINGS)
11. Provisional Measures
a) Prospects of jurisdiction on the merits
b) The proper object of provisional measures
c) Conditions for the indication of provisional measures
d) Modalities of measures
e) Procedure
f) Legal effects of provisional measures
g) Compliance
12. Challenges to jurisdiction
a) The principle
b) Ex officio consideration of jurisdictional matters
c) Methods for challenging the Court’s jurisdiction
d) Jurisdictional questions and provisional measures
e) Characterizing preliminary objections
f) Handling of objections by the Court
g) Procedure
13. Counter-claims
a) Admissibility
b) Procedure
14. Intervention under Article 62 of the Statute
a) Discretional intervention
b) Admissibility
c) Procedure
d) Intervention as a party?
e) Legal effects of the intervention
f) Cases of non-intervention: The Monetary Gold doctrine
15. Intervention under Article 63 of the Statute
a) Admissibility
b) Procedure
c) Legal effects of the intervention
Part VI
THE LITIGATION REVISITED
(DERIVATIVE PROCEEDINGS)
16. Interpretation of judgments
a) Article 60 of the Statute
b) Jurisdiction
c) Admissibility
d) Interpretation of judgments and provisional measures
e) Procedure
17. Revision of judgments
a) Admissibility
b) Procedure
Part VII
OTHER ASPECTS OF THE LITIGATION
18. Other litigation devises: Joinder, lack of appearance, appeals and remedies
(i) Joinder
a) Formal joinder
b) Other forms of common action
(ii) Lack of appearance
a) Jurisdiction
b) Procedure
c) Questions of evidence
d) Extra-procedural documentation
(iii) Appeals (Special reference to the Court)
a) Jurisdiction
b) Procedure
(iv) Remedies
a) Jurisdiction
b) Types of remedies
c) Procedure
19. Litigation before Chambers
a) Special Chambers
b) ad hoc Chambers
c) Chamber of Summary Procedure
d) An assessment of the Chambers system
20. Litigation in advisory proceedings
a) The Question of access
b) Questions of jurisdiction
c) Questions of procedure
List of Boxes
Appendix 1: PCIJ, List of Cases
Appendix 2: ICJ, List of Cases
Preface
A note on the quotation of decisions by the ICJ
List of abbreviations
Foreword by Eduardo Valencia-Ospina
PART I
FOUNDATIONS OF THE LITIGATION
1. Access
a) Capacity to be a party
b) Access and jurisdiction
c) The question of standing
d) States parties to cases
e) Parties to cases: Legal and practical implications
2. Jurisdiction
a) The principle of consent
b) Legal disputes
c) Exhaustion of diplomatic negotiations
d) Jurisdiction and propriety
e) The title of jurisdiction
f) Jurisdiction perfected by means of acts of procedure (forum prorogatum)
g) Incidental and interlocutory jurisdiction
PART II
PREPARING FOR AND STARTING THE LITIGATION
3. Governing instruments
a) Sources of the Procedural Law of the ICJ
b) Governing provisions and implementing regulations
c) The Statute
d) The Rules of Court
e) The Practice Directions
f) Procedural decisions
4. Procedure: General aspects
a) Components of procedure: Written stage and oral stage
b) Phases of a case and interlocutory proceedings
c) The Bench for a case: Changes in the composition of the Court
d) Pre-adjudicative steps by the parties
5. Institution of proceedings
a) The concept of seisin
b) Methods for instituting proceedings
c) Instituting proceedings by way of an Application
d) Instituting proceedings by way of a Special Agreement
e) Instituting incidental and derivative proceedings
f) Pre-adjudicative steps by the Court
Part III
CONDUCTING THE LITIGATION
(ORDINARY PROCEEDINGS)
6. Written proceedings stage: The pleadings
a) Number and order of pleadings
b) Contents of the pleadings
c) Annexes
d) Questions of language, printing and format
e) Closure of the written proceedings stage
f) “New documents”
g) Access to the pleadings
7. Oral proceedings stage: The hearings
a) The hearings
b) The final submissions
c) Questions for the parties
d) Closing (and reopening) of the oral stage
8. Evidence
a) The burden of proof
b) The standard of proof
c) Production and handling of evidence
d) Types of evidence
Part IV
ENDING THE LITIGATION
9. Modes of termination
a) Summary dismissal
b) Discontinuance
10. The Decision
a) The reading of the decision
b) Formal features and contents of the decision
c) The reasoning section: Aspects of methodology
d) Correction of errors in a decision
e) Individual opinions
f) Legal effects of the decision
g) Compliance and enforcement
Part V
THE LITIGATION INTERRUPTED
(INCIDENTAL PROCEEDINGS)
11. Provisional Measures
a) Prospects of jurisdiction on the merits
b) The proper object of provisional measures
c) Conditions for the indication of provisional measures
d) Modalities of measures
e) Procedure
f) Legal effects of provisional measures
g) Compliance
12. Challenges to jurisdiction
a) The principle
b) Ex officio consideration of jurisdictional matters
c) Methods for challenging the Court’s jurisdiction
d) Jurisdictional questions and provisional measures
e) Characterizing preliminary objections
f) Handling of objections by the Court
g) Procedure
13. Counter-claims
a) Admissibility
b) Procedure
14. Intervention under Article 62 of the Statute
a) Discretional intervention
b) Admissibility
c) Procedure
d) Intervention as a party?
e) Legal effects of the intervention
f) Cases of non-intervention: The Monetary Gold doctrine
15. Intervention under Article 63 of the Statute
a) Admissibility
b) Procedure
c) Legal effects of the intervention
Part VI
THE LITIGATION REVISITED
(DERIVATIVE PROCEEDINGS)
16. Interpretation of judgments
a) Article 60 of the Statute
b) Jurisdiction
c) Admissibility
d) Interpretation of judgments and provisional measures
e) Procedure
17. Revision of judgments
a) Admissibility
b) Procedure
Part VII
OTHER ASPECTS OF THE LITIGATION
18. Other litigation devises: Joinder, lack of appearance, appeals and remedies
(i) Joinder
a) Formal joinder
b) Other forms of common action
(ii) Lack of appearance
a) Jurisdiction
b) Procedure
c) Questions of evidence
d) Extra-procedural documentation
(iii) Appeals (Special reference to the Court)
a) Jurisdiction
b) Procedure
(iv) Remedies
a) Jurisdiction
b) Types of remedies
c) Procedure
19. Litigation before Chambers
a) Special Chambers
b) ad hoc Chambers
c) Chamber of Summary Procedure
d) An assessment of the Chambers system
20. Litigation in advisory proceedings
a) The Question of access
b) Questions of jurisdiction
c) Questions of procedure
List of Boxes
Appendix 1: PCIJ, List of Cases
Appendix 2: ICJ, List of Cases
Practitioners and advisors to governments engaged in actual cases before the ICJ. Legal advisors to foreign ministries, international organizations, law offices, law schools and research institutions on public international law.