The original Latin text of Johann Gröning’s
Navigatio libera has never before been translated into any modern vernacular language. Gröning’s intention was to set out the position of neutral nations (in this case the Danes and Swedes), and their right to pursue trade during the wars of the great maritime powers (particularly the English and the Dutch). It specifically sought to engage with and refute the work of Hugo Grotius while taking cognisance of the critique of Gröning’s work by Samuel Pufendorf. The text serves as a bridge between 17th-century polemical discourse surrounding the ‘free sea’ versus ‘enclosed sea’ debate and later 18th-century legal literature on the rights of neutrals and the continuation of free trade in time of war.
Peter Maxwell-Stuart, Ph.D. (1994) is Reader in History at the University of St Andrews. He is widely published in the fields of Greek and Latin literature and history, and in the occult sciences of Mediaeval and early modern Europe. He is about to publish a translation of Gomez Pereira’s scientific treatise,
Antoniana Margarita, and Martin Delrio’s chef d’oeuvre,
Disquisitiones Magicae.
Steve Murdoch, Ph.D. (1998) is Professor of History at the University of St Andrews. His major monographs include;
Network North: Scottish Kin, Cultural and Covert Associations in Northern Europe, 1603-1746 (Brill, 2006) and most recently with Alexia Grosjean,
Alexander Leslie and the Scottish Generals of the Thirty Years’ War, 1618-1648 (Pickering & Chatto, 2014). Among maritime scholars he is best known for his award winning monograph
The Terror of the Seas? Scottish Maritime Warfare, 1513-1713 (Brill, 2010).
Leos Müller, Ph.D. (1998), is Professor of History and Director of the Centre for Maritime Studies, Stockholm University. He has published on Swedish early-modern and maritime history, e.g.
Consuls, Corsairs and Commerce. The Swedish Consular Service and Long-Distance Shipping, 1720–1815 (Uppsala University, 2004), together with Stefan Eklöf Amirell, and
Persistent Piracy. Maritime Violence and State-formation in Global Historical Perspective, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014).
IntroductionLeos Müller and Steve Murdoch Gröning’s Latin and Greek: the Translator’s NotePeter Maxwell-Stuart
Unimpeded Sailing
Essay in His Own DefencePublishedAmong Those Soon to Be Published Preface Chapter Headings Treatise on Unimpeded SailingChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11 Gröning’s CitationsBibliographyIndex
All interested in the evolution of Maritime Law, with particular reference to issues of Neutrality at Sea and the evolution in International Maritime Law.