Healers in the Making: Students, Physicians, and Medical Education in Medieval Bologna (1250-1550)

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Healers in the Making investigates medical instruction at the University of Bologna using the lens of practical medicine, focusing on both anatomical and surgical instruction and showing that teaching medicine between the late thirteenth and mid-sixteenth centuries was a consciously constructed and vigorous project that required ongoing local political and cultural negotiations beyond books and curriculum. Using municipal, institutional, and medical texts, Kira Robison examines the outward structures of academic and civic power involved in the formation of medical authority and illuminates the innovations in practical medical pedagogy that occurred during this era. In this way, Robison re-examines academic medicine, the professors, and students, returning them to the context of the medical marketplace within a dynamic and flourishing urban landscape.

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Kira Robison, Ph.D. (2012), teaches medieval history at the University of Tennessee, Chattanooga. Her research focuses on the intersections of medicine, law, and religion, including an recent article in the Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences.
Acknowledgements
List of Maps, Figures and Tables
Notes on Names, Dates, and Money

Introduction
1 Methodology: Anatomy, Surgery, and Practical Medicine
2 Historiography
3 Sources and Context
4 Outline of Chapters

1 Hierarchies of Instruction: Traditions of Good Doctoring in Medieval Medical Education
1 Introduction
2 Practical Medicine
3 Medicine and the City
4 Medical Hegemonies
5 Ties with the City
6 Conclusion

2 Monopolies of Instruction: Retaining and Maintaining Physicians at Bologna
1 Introduction
2 Changes in Student Autonomy
3 Citizenship
4 Exams and Licensures
5 Membership of the Collegium De Arte Et Medicine
6 Salaries and Teachers
 6.1  Municipal Control of Salaries
 6.2  Repetitor and Lecture Universitatis
 6.3&emsp ;Regular Faculty
7 Conclusion

3 Avenues of Instruction: Space and Power in Anatomical Education
1 Introduction
2 1319: A Criminal Trial
3 1405: Student Statutes
4 1540: An Anatomy Lesson
5 1639: Memories of the Past
6 Conclusion

4 Audiences of Instruction: Teaching Anatomy through Books and Lecture
1 Introduction
2 Experience and Observation
3 Making a Standard
4 The Cadaver Survey
 4.1  The Cadaver Survey after Mondino: Lectures to Text and Back Again
  4.1.1 Speaking the Body: The Cadaver Survey in Lecture
  4.1.2 From Lecture to Text: Manfredi’s Anatomy for the Layman 133   4.2.3 Gauging an Audience: The Cadaver Survey for Students and Professors 136 5 Conclusion
Conclusion

Appendix A Tables for Chapter 2
Appendix B Inscriptions, Busts, and Statues from Before 1530 in the Anatomical Theater of Bologna
Bibliography
Index

Historians of medicine or medical humanities, institutional historians, scholars of urban studies, history of education, graduate students and/or advanced undergraduates, medical professionals interested in history, medical libraries/academies, academic libraries.
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