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The Budapest School: Beyond Marxism represents the first systematic and comprehensive study of the post-Marxist writings of the Budapest School to be published in English. The School itself has long been known in English-speaking circles for its neo-Marxist critique of the now-defunct Soviet system. The Budapest School: Beyond Marxism enriches this understanding by situating the confrontation with ‘actually existing socialism’ as but one moment, however formative, within a much richer and much more theoretically relevant philosophical itinerary. From the early critique of alienation through to the contemporary critical theories of modernity, The Budapest School: Beyond Marxism charts the evolution of the School’s thinking with a specific emphasis on the themes of culture, critique, history and the contingency of modern subjectivity.
J.F. Dorahy received his Ph.D. from The University of Sydney in 2018. He is the author of numerous essays in the field of contemporary Critical Theory. He is presently a sessional Tutor at several universities in and around Sydney.
Acknowledgements IX
Introduction
1 ‘Back to Marx!’
1 Marxism and Philosophy
2 Work as the Species-Activity of Man
3 Freedom and Universality in History
4 Alienation and the Marxist Theory of Revolution
5 On the Phenomenology of Everyday Life
6 Individuality as the Unity of the Particular and the Universal
7 The Budapest School’s Marxist Humanism: Critical Reflections
8 Prague ’68 and the Search for a Critical Theory
2 Márkus Contra Marx: Production, Economy and the Problem of Historical Teleology
1 Philosophical Debates in Post-War Critical Theory
2 The Paradigm of Production: A Conceptual Analysis
3 Reification and the Antinomies of Production
4 On the Utopian Character of Marxian Socialism
5 Culture and Enlightenment
3 Marxism, Modernity and The Dynamics of Culture
1 Marxism and Culture (I)—The Base/Superstructure Metaphor
2 Marxism and Culture (II)—The Theory and Practice of Ideology Critique
3 Towards a Pragmatics of Cultural Production
4 On the Autonomy of Culture
5 The Arts, Sciences, and the Paradoxical Unity of Modern Culture
6 The Dynamics of Cultural Modernity: Enlightenment and Romanticism
7 On the Aktualität of Márkus’ Post-Budapest Project
4 Towards a New Form of Historical Consciousness
1 The Confusion of Historical Consciousness
2 Philosophy of History as the Consciousness of Reflected Universality
3 The Antinomies of Universal History (I): Historicity and Universality
4 The Antinomies of Universal History (II): Freedom and Necessity
5 Marxism and History
6 Between Science and Critique
7 Reflected Generality as a Task, or, the Imperatives of Postmodernity
5 Multidimensional Modernity
1 Modernity, Socialism, and Democracy
2 Three Logics of Modernity? Some Critical Remarks
3 The Essence of Modernity (I): The Dynamics of Modernity
4 The Essence of Modernity (II): The Modern Social Arrangement
5 Excursus: Is Heller a Convergence Theorist?
6 Heller, Heidegger and the Modern Imagination
7 Conclusion: Modernity and Redemption
6 Contingency, Choice and Dissatisfaction
1 The Dissatisfied Society
2 Reflective Postmodernism: A Preliminary Account
3 ‘On the Railway Station’
4 Contingency as Infinite Possibility
5 From Contingency to Destiny
6 To Become What One Is: Heller on the Physiognomy of Existential Choice
7 Satisfaction Beyond the Choice of the Good
8 On the Meaning of Heller’s Postmodern Radicalism
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
Introduction
Part 1: The Early Budapest School and the Critique of Alienation
1 ‘Back to Marx!’
1 Marxism and Philosophy
2 Work as the Species-Activity of Man
3 Freedom and Universality in History
4 Alienation and the Marxist Theory of Revolution
5 On the Phenomenology of Everyday Life
6 Individuality as the Unity of the Particular and the Universal
7 The Budapest School’s Marxist Humanism: Critical Reflections
8 Prague ’68 and the Search for a Critical Theory
Part 2: György Márkus: From the Critique of Production to The Philosophy of Culture
2 Márkus Contra Marx: Production, Economy and the Problem of Historical Teleology
1 Philosophical Debates in Post-War Critical Theory
2 The Paradigm of Production: A Conceptual Analysis
3 Reification and the Antinomies of Production
4 On the Utopian Character of Marxian Socialism
5 Culture and Enlightenment
3 Marxism, Modernity and The Dynamics of Culture
1 Marxism and Culture (I)—The Base/Superstructure Metaphor
2 Marxism and Culture (II)—The Theory and Practice of Ideology Critique
3 Towards a Pragmatics of Cultural Production
4 On the Autonomy of Culture
5 The Arts, Sciences, and the Paradoxical Unity of Modern Culture
6 The Dynamics of Cultural Modernity: Enlightenment and Romanticism
7 On the Aktualität of Márkus’ Post-Budapest Project
Part 3: Agnes Heller and Ferenc Fehér: Reflexive Stages in a Post-Marxist Radicalism
4 Towards a New Form of Historical Consciousness
1 The Confusion of Historical Consciousness
2 Philosophy of History as the Consciousness of Reflected Universality
3 The Antinomies of Universal History (I): Historicity and Universality
4 The Antinomies of Universal History (II): Freedom and Necessity
5 Marxism and History
6 Between Science and Critique
7 Reflected Generality as a Task, or, the Imperatives of Postmodernity
5 Multidimensional Modernity
1 Modernity, Socialism, and Democracy
2 Three Logics of Modernity? Some Critical Remarks
3 The Essence of Modernity (I): The Dynamics of Modernity
4 The Essence of Modernity (II): The Modern Social Arrangement
5 Excursus: Is Heller a Convergence Theorist?
6 Heller, Heidegger and the Modern Imagination
7 Conclusion: Modernity and Redemption
6 Contingency, Choice and Dissatisfaction
1 The Dissatisfied Society
2 Reflective Postmodernism: A Preliminary Account
3 ‘On the Railway Station’
4 Contingency as Infinite Possibility
5 From Contingency to Destiny
6 To Become What One Is: Heller on the Physiognomy of Existential Choice
7 Satisfaction Beyond the Choice of the Good
8 On the Meaning of Heller’s Postmodern Radicalism
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
The Budapest School: Beyond Marxism will be of interest to undergraduate students, post-graduate researchers and specialists working within the field of Eastern European critical theory.