Prayer in the Ancient World Vol.1

Series: 

Prayer in the Ancient World (PAW) is an innovative resource on prayer in the ancient Near East and Mediterranean. The over 350 entries in PAW showcase a robust selection of the range of different types of prayers attested from Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia, the Levant, early Judaism and Christianity, Greece, Rome, Arabia, and Iran, enhanced by critical commentary.
The project illustrates the variety of ways human beings have sought to communicate with or influence beings with extraordinary superhuman power for millennia. By including diverse examples such as vows and oaths, blessings, curses, incantations, graffiti, iconography, and more, PAW casts a wide net. In so doing, PAW privileges no particular tradition or conception of how to interact with the divine; for example, the project refuses to perpetuate a value distinction between “prayer,” “magic,” and “cursing.”

Detailed overviews introduce each area and address key issues such as language and terminology, geographical distribution, materiality, orality, phenomenology of prayer, prayer and magic, blessings and curses, and ritual settings and ritual actors. In order to be as comprehensive as practically possible, the volume includes a representative prayer of every attested type from each tradition.

Individual entries include a wealth of information. Each begins with a list of essential details, including the source, region, date, occasion, type and function, performers, and materiality of the prayer. Next, after a concise summary and a brief synopsis of the main textual witnesses, a formal description calls attention to the exemplar’s literary and stylistic features, rhetorical structure, important motifs, and terminology. The occasions when the prayer was used and its function are analyzed, followed by a discussion of how this exemplar fits within the range of variation of this type of prayer practice, both synchronically and diachronically. Important features of the prayer relevant for cross-cultural comparison are foregrounded in the subsequent section. Following an up-to-date translation, a concise yet detailed commentary provides explanations necessary for understanding the prayer and its function. Finally, each entry concludes with a bibliography of essential primary and secondary resources for further study.

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Daniel K. Falk and Rodney A. Werline
How similar were the types of religious technology in different cultures, and where would one find examples to compare? Scholars working on religion recognize the value of cross-cultural comparison, yet it is often difficult in practice, as each tradition requires mastery of its own languages, primary texts, specialized terminology and taxonomies, and body of secondary scholarship. By bringing prayers from a range of ancient traditions together in an accessible form, PAW provides a bank of data that will allow comparison of prayers across traditions on a revolutionary scale. Moreover, the online version of PAW provides uniquely powerful technical search tools.

The attempt to communicate with the supernatural is at the heart of religious practice and experience. PAW brings prayer back to the center of scholarly investigation and invites scholars and students to encounter anew this often understudied aspect of religion.
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