In Europeans and Africans Michał Tymowski analyses the first contacts between the Portuguese and other Europeans and Western Africans in the 15th and early 16th centuries, the cultural and psychological as well as the organizational aspects of contacts. The territorial scope of the research encompasses the West African coast. Michał Tymowski describes and analyses the feelings and emotions which accompanied the contacts, of both Africans and Europeans, analyses the methods in which both parties communicated and organized the first encounters as well as the influence of these contacts on the cultures of both sides. The work is based on a variety of source material, written sources and works of African art, in which Africans’ opinions and emotions are reflected.
Michał Tymowski, born in 1941, is now a retired professor from the University of Warsaw. He was professor at the Université Paris IV-Sorbonne (1989-1993). He has published among others The Origins and Structures of Political Organizations in Pre-Colonial Black Africa (Mellen, 2009).
List of Figures and Maps Abbreviations
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Introduction
Part 1: Beginnings
1 Fear and Courage
2 Death and Attitudes to Death
3 How Did They Communicate?
3.1 Interpreters
3.2 The First Dictionary
4 Astonishment, Wonder and Curiosity
Part 2: Encounters
5 Feasts
6 First Meetings
6.1 The Valarte-Guitenyia Meeting
6.2 The Ca da Mosto-Budomel Meeting
6.3 The Azambuja-Caramansa Meeting
6.4 Comparing the Three Meetings
7 Places of Trade
8 Embassies of African Rulers to Portugal
8.1The Embassy from Benin
8.2The Voyage to Portugal of Bumi Jeleen, Toppled Ruler of the Wolof
Part 3: A Minority among the Majority
9 African Slaves in Portugal – Cultural and Psychological Aspects
10Degredados, Lançados, Tangomaos – Portuguese Exiles and Fugitives
11 Women
Part 4: Both Sides about the Other
12 Europeans’ Perceptions of Africans
13 Africans’ Perceptions of Europeans
Conclusions
Figures and Maps
Bibliography
Index
All interested in the history of the 15th – 16th c. early European expansion, the history of Africa and the phenomenon of contact between cultures.