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Argument is War: Relevance-Theoretic Comprehension of the Conceptual Metaphor of War in the Apocalypse
Series: - Linguistic Biblical Studies, Volume: 18
Author:
In Argument is War: Relevance-Theoretic Comprehension of the Conceptual Metaphor of War in the Apocalypse, Clifford T. Winters demonstrates that the apparent war in the Apocalypse is rather telling the story of the gospel: how Christ will restore Israel and, through them, the rest of the world. When Revelation is viewed through the corrective lens of cognitive linguistics, its violence becomes victory, its violent characters become Christ, and its bloody end becomes the blessed beginning of the New Jerusalem. Revelation is simply telling the story of the early church (the Gospels and Acts) to the early church, and it is using a conceptual metaphor (‘ARGUMENT IS WAR’) to do it.
Clifford T. Winters, Ph.D. (2018), Asbury Theological Seminary, is Adjunct Professor of Family Ministries at Barclay College in Haviland, Kansas, and Teaching Pastor at New England Chapel in Franklin, Massachusetts. He has pastored for twenty years, and is the author of several articles, including “A Strange Death: Cosmic Conflagration as Conceptual Metaphor in 2 Peter 3:6–13” in Conversations with the Biblical World (2013), and “Gehenna” in the Lexham Bible Dictionary.
List of Figures and Tables
Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1.1 Revelation Has Two Problems
1.2 Defining the Problem: “Relevance”
1.3 Defining the Problem: “Violence”
1.4 How These Problems Relate: “Judgment”
2 Methodology
2.1 A Long History of Study
2.2 Metaphor is Natural to Cognition
2.3 Metaphor is Natural to Comprehension
2.4 A Model for Combining
RT
and
CMT
: Hybrid Theory
2.5 Acknowledgment: “Structure” and “Meaning” in Other Disciplines
2.6 What This Book is Arguing
3 Composing the Conceptual Metaphor
ARGUMENT IS WAR
3.1 ΣΗΜΑΙΝΩ
3.2 Metaphors in Revelation That Look like Daniel 2
3.3
ARGUMENT IS WAR
Looks like Daniel 2
4 Elaborating and Completing
ARGUMENT IS WAR
4.1 The Elaboration of
ARGUMENT IS WAR
4.2 The Completion of
ARGUMENT IS WAR
5 The Linguistic Instantiation of
ARGUMENT IS WAR
5.1 Metalinguistic Signals and Deliberate Metaphors
5.2 Linguistic and Semantic Signals Other Than M-Flags
6 The Pragmatic Implicature
ARGUMENT IS WAR
6.1 Ad Hoc Construction
6.2 Metarepresentation
6.3 Weak Implicatures
6.4 Backwards Inference
7 Implications and Conclusions
7.1 Summary of Evidence for
ARGUMENT IS WAR
7.2 Summary of Implications
Bibliography
Linguistic and Literary Resources
Biblical and Historical Resources
Index
Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1.1 Revelation Has Two Problems
1.2 Defining the Problem: “Relevance”
1.3 Defining the Problem: “Violence”
1.4 How These Problems Relate: “Judgment”
2 Methodology
2.1 A Long History of Study
2.2 Metaphor is Natural to Cognition
2.3 Metaphor is Natural to Comprehension
2.4 A Model for Combining
2.5 Acknowledgment: “Structure” and “Meaning” in Other Disciplines
2.6 What This Book is Arguing
3 Composing the Conceptual Metaphor
3.1 ΣΗΜΑΙΝΩ
3.2 Metaphors in Revelation That Look like Daniel 2
3.3
4 Elaborating and Completing
4.1 The Elaboration of
4.2 The Completion of
5 The Linguistic Instantiation of
5.1 Metalinguistic Signals and Deliberate Metaphors
5.2 Linguistic and Semantic Signals Other Than M-Flags
6 The Pragmatic Implicature
6.1 Ad Hoc Construction
6.2 Metarepresentation
6.3 Weak Implicatures
6.4 Backwards Inference
7 Implications and Conclusions
7.1 Summary of Evidence for
7.2 Summary of Implications
Bibliography
Linguistic and Literary Resources
Biblical and Historical Resources
Index
In Revelation’s history, scholars have always assumed it was about judgment. Clifford T. Winters’ Argument is War, however, demonstrates that the Apocalypse is using a conceptual metaphor to envision the restoration of Israel and, through them, the whole world.