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Leonardo da Vinci and Architecture
Series: - Leonardo Studies, Volume: 4
Contributor:
Translator:
Found scattered among his numerous manuscripts, Leonardo's studies on architecture were conceived during an artistic journey of close to fifty years while their author was in the service of the most prestigious patrons. Dealing with churches, ephemeral monuments, urban reconstruction, fortifications, palaces and villas, and painted architecture—mostly ideal in nature—they are part of the architectural evolution of the late quattrocento and early cinquecento. Leonardo's drawings assimilate the ideas of the pioneers of Renaissance architecture and focus on particular aspects, such as interventions on existing structures, classical orders, staircases, and decoration. Leonardo’s analysis sheds light on dialogues with Bramante, Francesco di Giorgio, Giuliano da Sangallo, Michelangelo, Baldassare Peruzzi and Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and allows us to better understand whether his contributions were innovative, or singular interpretations of the achievements of his time.
This is an augmented translation of Leonardo e l'architettura (Modena: Franco Cosimo Panini, 2019)
This is an augmented translation of Leonardo e l'architettura (Modena: Franco Cosimo Panini, 2019)
Sabine Frommel is the chair of Renaissance art history at the École Pratique des Hautes Études-PSL (Paris, Sciences et Lettres University), since 2003. Her research addresses the great architects of the Italian Renaissance, evolution of typologies, architectural languages, and migratory processes in Europe.
Jean Guillaume was professor emeritus of Renaissance art history at the Sorbonne in Paris. His research focused on Renaissance architecture in France and Italy, particularly in relation to French chateaux. Recently he was working on a monograph on the Louvre and the Tuilleries in the sixteenth century.
Jean Guillaume was professor emeritus of Renaissance art history at the Sorbonne in Paris. His research focused on Renaissance architecture in France and Italy, particularly in relation to French chateaux. Recently he was working on a monograph on the Louvre and the Tuilleries in the sixteenth century.
Preface
List of Figures
1 Leonardo and His Patrons
Sabine Frommel
1 A Silent Dialogue: Lorenzo the Magnificent
2 Leonardo at the Court of Lodovico Sforza
3 The “prestantissimo et delectissimo familiare architecto et ingegnero generale” of Cesare Borgia
4 Representatives of the King of France in Milan: Charles d’Amboise and Gian Giacomo Trivulzio
5 At the Court of Leo X
6 At the Court of Francis I
2 The Painted Architecture
Sabine Frommel
1 From the Annunciation (Uffizi) to the Last Supper (Santa Maria delle Grazie)
2 Architectural Drawings for Potential Paintings and Stage Designs
3 The tiburio of Milan Cathedral
Jean Guillaume
1 The Structure of the tiburio
2 The Exterior Appearance: The Dome Preferred to the tiburio
3 A Two-Domed Structure
4 The Central-Plan Church
Jean Guillaume
1 Plan Types
2 Plans Expressed in Volumes
3 Elevations
4 A Church Façade
5 Leonardo and the Religious Architecture of the Renaissance
5 Funerary Monuments
Sabine Frommel
1 The Project for a Mausoleum
2 The Funerary Monument of Gian Giacomo Trivulzio
6 Urban Reconstruction and the Ideal City
Sabine Frommel
1 Contemporary Research on the New Form of the City: Imagined Space and the Treatise
2 Urban Reconstruction Projects in Milan: Functionality and Political Strategy
3 From the Medici to Francis I: 1512–1519
4 A Different Method: Giuliano da Sangallo
7 Fortifications
Sabine Frommel
1 Drawings of Defensive Structures during the First Milanese Sojourn
2 Leonardo “architetto e ingenere generale” of Cesare Borgia
3 Projects since 1503: Again the Fortress of Piombino and the Second Sojourn in Milan
4 Leonardo’s Approach
8 Palaces and Villas
Sabine Frommel
1 Projects Linked to Specific Sites and Programs
2 The Country House of a Rich Landowner
3 The Villa of Charles d’Amboise
4 Villa Melzi
5 The Ideal Projects of Palaces and Villas with a Central Plan
6 The Façades
9 The Staircase with Several Ascents
Jean Guillaume
10 Architectural Language: The Use of Orders
Jean Guillaume
11 Theatrical Architecture, Festivals, and Ephemeral Constructions in Leonardo’s Work
Sara Taglialagamba
1 Mechanical Paradises
2 Entertainment: Animated Forms and “Marvelous” Works
3 In the Service of the French
12 Leonardo and Antique Architecture: A Versatile Dialogue
Sabine Frommel
1 Assimilation of the Pantheon
2 Variations on the tholos
3 Thoughts on the Villa Inspired by Antiquity
4 Adoptions of More Complex Modalities Derived from Antique Origins
13 Leonardo, His Contemporaries and His Legacy
Sabine Frommel
1 From Florence to Milan: The Expanding References
2 The Three Sojourns of Leonardo in Rome: Bramante and New Challenges
3 Filarete, Francesco di Giorgio, Leonardo da Vinci, and Baldassarre Peruzzi
4 The Florentines’ Network
5 Nachleben in the Drawing of the Codex Chlumzcanzky and in Serlio’s Treatise
14 Leonardo in France
Jean Guillaume
1 Romorantin
2 Chambord
15 Leonardo’s Singularity
Jean Guillaume
16 Leonardo the Architect?
Sabine Frommel
1 Is There a “Leonardo Method”?
2 From Inclinations to Principles
Bibliography
Index
List of Figures
1 Leonardo and His Patrons
Sabine Frommel
1 A Silent Dialogue: Lorenzo the Magnificent
2 Leonardo at the Court of Lodovico Sforza
3 The “prestantissimo et delectissimo familiare architecto et ingegnero generale” of Cesare Borgia
4 Representatives of the King of France in Milan: Charles d’Amboise and Gian Giacomo Trivulzio
5 At the Court of Leo X
6 At the Court of Francis I
2 The Painted Architecture
Sabine Frommel
1 From the Annunciation (Uffizi) to the Last Supper (Santa Maria delle Grazie)
2 Architectural Drawings for Potential Paintings and Stage Designs
3 The tiburio of Milan Cathedral
Jean Guillaume
1 The Structure of the tiburio
2 The Exterior Appearance: The Dome Preferred to the tiburio
3 A Two-Domed Structure
4 The Central-Plan Church
Jean Guillaume
1 Plan Types
2 Plans Expressed in Volumes
3 Elevations
4 A Church Façade
5 Leonardo and the Religious Architecture of the Renaissance
5 Funerary Monuments
Sabine Frommel
1 The Project for a Mausoleum
2 The Funerary Monument of Gian Giacomo Trivulzio
6 Urban Reconstruction and the Ideal City
Sabine Frommel
1 Contemporary Research on the New Form of the City: Imagined Space and the Treatise
2 Urban Reconstruction Projects in Milan: Functionality and Political Strategy
3 From the Medici to Francis I: 1512–1519
4 A Different Method: Giuliano da Sangallo
7 Fortifications
Sabine Frommel
1 Drawings of Defensive Structures during the First Milanese Sojourn
2 Leonardo “architetto e ingenere generale” of Cesare Borgia
3 Projects since 1503: Again the Fortress of Piombino and the Second Sojourn in Milan
4 Leonardo’s Approach
8 Palaces and Villas
Sabine Frommel
1 Projects Linked to Specific Sites and Programs
2 The Country House of a Rich Landowner
3 The Villa of Charles d’Amboise
4 Villa Melzi
5 The Ideal Projects of Palaces and Villas with a Central Plan
6 The Façades
9 The Staircase with Several Ascents
Jean Guillaume
10 Architectural Language: The Use of Orders
Jean Guillaume
11 Theatrical Architecture, Festivals, and Ephemeral Constructions in Leonardo’s Work
Sara Taglialagamba
1 Mechanical Paradises
2 Entertainment: Animated Forms and “Marvelous” Works
3 In the Service of the French
12 Leonardo and Antique Architecture: A Versatile Dialogue
Sabine Frommel
1 Assimilation of the Pantheon
2 Variations on the tholos
3 Thoughts on the Villa Inspired by Antiquity
4 Adoptions of More Complex Modalities Derived from Antique Origins
13 Leonardo, His Contemporaries and His Legacy
Sabine Frommel
1 From Florence to Milan: The Expanding References
2 The Three Sojourns of Leonardo in Rome: Bramante and New Challenges
3 Filarete, Francesco di Giorgio, Leonardo da Vinci, and Baldassarre Peruzzi
4 The Florentines’ Network
5 Nachleben in the Drawing of the Codex Chlumzcanzky and in Serlio’s Treatise
14 Leonardo in France
Jean Guillaume
1 Romorantin
2 Chambord
15 Leonardo’s Singularity
Jean Guillaume
16 Leonardo the Architect?
Sabine Frommel
1 Is There a “Leonardo Method”?
2 From Inclinations to Principles
Bibliography
Index
Scholars, students, and general readers of Italian Renaissance art will learn of Leonardo da Vinci’s architectural projects, his ideas, drawings, artistic processes, patrons, and dialogues with contemporary artists. Keywords: Leonardo da Vinci, architecture of his time, late quattrocento, first half of cinquecento, palace, villa, funerary monument, tiburio, antique architecture, fortification, central-plan church, Lodovico Sforza, Charles d’Amboise, Giuliano de’ Medici, Francis I, Lorenzo de’ Medici, sacred and secular typologies, ephemeral architecture, urban planning, theory of architecture, pontificates of Julius II and Leo X, French castles, architectural details (portals, windows, ornament), painted architecture, migration of forms from Italy to France, relationships with contemporaries, architectural drawings, methods of conception.