This volume, the second of three, offers an anthology of Western descriptions of Islamic religious buildings in Syria, Egypt and North Africa, mostly from the seventeenth to early twentieth centuries, taken from travel books and ambassadorial reports. (The third volume will deal with Islamic palaces around the Mediterranean.) As travel became easier and cheaper, thanks to better roads, steamships, hotels and railways, tourist numbers increased, museums accumulated eastern treasures, illustrated journals proliferated, and photography provided accurate data. All three deal with the impact of Western trade, taste and imports on the East, and examine the encroachment of westernised modernism.
Michael Greenhalgh (PhD Manchester, 1968) is Professor Emeritus of Art History at the Australian National University. He is the author of many books and articles dealing with the attractions and reuse of ancient marble architecture, and with the antiquities of the Middle East and North Africa.
Contents
Preface to the Three Volumes ix List of Illustrations xi
1
Introduction 1 The Crusades and Their Impact
2 Contacts Through Trade
3 Manuscripts Throughout the Empire
4 Nineteenth-century Travel and Tourism
5 Jerusalem and Cairo
6 The survival of Islam
7 Muslims, Christians and Jews
8 Dress and Stability: Two Disparities between West and East
9 Arrangement of the Book
2
Syria and the Holy Land 1 Mosques and How to Enter Them
2 Sketching Islamic Antiquities: Paper and Panoramas
3 Acre: Djezzar’s Mosque
4 Baalbek
5 Damascus
6 Gaza and Nablus
7 Hebron
8 Baghdad (Present-day Iraq)
9 Jerusalem
10 The Haram al Sharif and Its Monuments
11 Ramla/Rama
12 Sidon
3
Alexandria and Cairo 1 Alexandria’s Mosques
2 Alexandria’s and Cairo’s Reuse of Antiquities
3 The Pyramids
4 Cairo
5 Boulaq
6 The Delights of the Citadel
7 Northern and Southern Cemeteries
8 Cairo, Odernism and Islamic Survivals
4
North Africa 1 Setting the Scene
2 Algeria
3 Could Arabic Architecture Survive in (French) Algeria?
4 Algiers (Occupied 1830)
5 Bougie (Occupied 1833)
6 Constantine (Occupied 1837)
7 Tlemcen Environs and Its Monuments
8 Tlemcen City (Occupied 1836)
9 The Oasis of Sidi Okba
10 Morocco
11 Fez
12 Photography in Fez and Elsewhere
13 Marrakesh/Morocco
14 Mequinez/Meknès
15 Salee, Rabat and Shellah
16 Tangier
17 Tetuan
18 Tunisia (French Protectorate 1881–1956)
19 Gafsa and Béja
20 Kairouan
21 Sousse and Environs
22 Testour
23 Tunis
24 Libya
25 Tripoli in Barbary
5
Exhibiting Islamic Lands: Trade, Travel and Empire 1 Overview
2 Easier and Cheaper Travel
3 Artists, Exhibitions and Moving Images
4 Dancing in the Cairo Street
5 Paris 1867 and Dancing Girls
Bibliography – Sources Bibliography – Modern Scholars Index Illustrations