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AECT at 100
A Legacy of Leadership
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The purpose of AECT at 100: A Legacy of Leadership is to highlight the Association for Educational Communications and Technology’s 100 years of leadership in educational technology and learning. AECT has a rich history, evolving from the National Education Association’s (NEA) Department of Visual Instruction (DVI) and later the Department of Audio-Visual Instruction (DAVI). Over its 100 years, AECT and its members have had a substantial impact on the evolution of American educational technology and learning, including in the areas of audiovisual instruction, instructional design, and online learning.
AECT at 100: A Legacy of Leadership brings together writers and experts in the organization to explore various periods of history within the field and how AECT and its membership stood as a leader within the field. Topics such as visual instruction, the audiovisual movement, leadership development, programmed instruction, diversity leadership, AECT and educational technology topics, journals, ethics, and social justice are explored. Additionally, a number of leaders are explored from the early days of AECT such as James Finn, F. Dean McClusky, Edgar Dale, and Elizabeth Golterman all the way to recent leaders such as Rob Branch.
AECT at 100: A Legacy of Leadership brings together writers and experts in the organization to explore various periods of history within the field and how AECT and its membership stood as a leader within the field. Topics such as visual instruction, the audiovisual movement, leadership development, programmed instruction, diversity leadership, AECT and educational technology topics, journals, ethics, and social justice are explored. Additionally, a number of leaders are explored from the early days of AECT such as James Finn, F. Dean McClusky, Edgar Dale, and Elizabeth Golterman all the way to recent leaders such as Rob Branch.
Christopher T. Miller, Ed.D. (2004), University of Kentucky, is a Professor of Education/Mt. Sterling Campus Director at Morehead State University. He recently was co-editor of Lessons in Leadership in the Field of Educational Technology (2019).
Anthony A. Piña, Ed.D. (2005), La Sierra University, is Chief Online Learning Officer at Illinois State University. He has held multiple leadership positions in AECT and has published seven books and 100 additional academic publications.
Michael H. Molenda, Ph.D. (1971), Syracuse University, is Associate Professor Emeritus at Indiana University Bloomington. Co-editor of Educational Technology: A Definition with Commentary (2008), and author of numerous chapters and encyclopedia entries on educational technology—its concepts and history.
Phillip L. Harris, Ph.D. (1967), Indiana University, taught elementary school and graduate courses at Indiana University. He served as Executive Director of AECT for 22 years. He co-authored with Joan Harris The Myths of Standardized Tests.
Barbara B. Lockee, Ph.D. (1996), Virginia Tech, is Associate Vice Provost for Faculty Affairs and Professor of Instructional Design and Technology at Virginia Tech. Her scholarship focuses on distance learning research and best practices. She is Past-President of AECT.
Anthony A. Piña, Ed.D. (2005), La Sierra University, is Chief Online Learning Officer at Illinois State University. He has held multiple leadership positions in AECT and has published seven books and 100 additional academic publications.
Michael H. Molenda, Ph.D. (1971), Syracuse University, is Associate Professor Emeritus at Indiana University Bloomington. Co-editor of Educational Technology: A Definition with Commentary (2008), and author of numerous chapters and encyclopedia entries on educational technology—its concepts and history.
Phillip L. Harris, Ph.D. (1967), Indiana University, taught elementary school and graduate courses at Indiana University. He served as Executive Director of AECT for 22 years. He co-authored with Joan Harris The Myths of Standardized Tests.
Barbara B. Lockee, Ph.D. (1996), Virginia Tech, is Associate Vice Provost for Faculty Affairs and Professor of Instructional Design and Technology at Virginia Tech. Her scholarship focuses on distance learning research and best practices. She is Past-President of AECT.
Foreword
Joi L. Moore
Series Editors’ Foreword
Christopher Thomas Miller and Anthony A. Piña
Acknowledgments
List of Figures and Tables
Introduction to Part 1: DVI in the Visual Instruction and Radio Era: 1923–1947
Michael H. Molenda
1 AECT in Its First Fifty Years (DVI and DAVI)
Michael H. Molenda
2 Reading between the Lines: A Herstory of Instructional Design and Technology
Rebecca Clark-Stallkamp, Linda Wiley and Barbara B. Lockee
3 F. Dean McClusky: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
4 AECT and the Visual Instruction Movement (1918–1928)
Wendell Johnson
5 Charles F. Hoban, Jr.: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
6 James D. Finn’s Contribution to Establishing Infrastructure for Our Field
Jill Stefaniak and Laura Stapleton
7 James D. Finn: Leader Spotlight
Kenneth H. Silber
8 Celluloid Classrooms: Promise and Outcomes of the Visual Instruction Movement
William Sugar
9 Cone of Experience: The Legacy of Edgar Dale
Monalisa Dash
10 Edgar Dale: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
11 Elizabeth Golterman: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
Introduction to Part 2: DAVI in the Post-World War II AV Education and Television Era: 1947–1969
Michael H. Molenda
12 The Audiovisual Education Era: A Hidden History
Michael H. Molenda and Robert L. Appelman
13 Richard B. Lewis: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
14 Anna L. Hyer: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
15 James W. Brown: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
16 L. C. “Ole” Larson: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
17 The Lake Okoboji Leadership Conference: A Legacy of Leadership Development
Christopher Thomas Miller
18 Lee and Lida Cochran: Leader Spotlight
Christopher T. Miller
19 Charles F. Schuller: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
20 Programmed Instruction and Its Successor Technologies
Michael H. Molenda and Phillip L. Harris
21 Susan Meyer Markle: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
22 Robert Heinich: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
23 William F. Kruse—Socialist, Documentary Filmmaker, & DAVI Archivist: Leader Spotlight
Matthew Sheldon Ames
Introduction to Part 3: AECT in the Instructional Design and Computer Era: 1970–1999
Michael H. Molenda
24 AECT in Its Second Fifty Years
Michael H. Molenda, Christopher T. Miller, Phillip L. Harris, Barbara B. Lockee and Anthony A. Piña
25 Editors’ Perspectives of Educational Technology Research and Development (ETR&D) Journal: Reflecting the Growth of ETR&D through Editors’ Personal Journeys
Steven Ross, James Klein, J. Michael Spector, Abbas Johari, Gloria Natividad Beltrán del Río, Patricia Young, Tristan Johnson, Hale Ilgaz, Gwendolyn Morel and Lin Lin-Lipsmeyer
26 Jerrold E. Kemp: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
27 AECT’s Leadership Role in the Field of Visual Literacy and Message Design: 1975–1995
Lauren Cifuentes
28 Richard E. Clark: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
29 The AECT Foundation: Five Decades of Recognizing Achievement and Supporting Leadership Development
Anthony A. Piña
30 What Do a Jet Fighter Trainer, a Drag Racer, and a Long-Distance Canoeist Have in Common?
Robert Doyle
31 Making Visible the History of MIM in AECT: Excavating the History of the Affiliate Minorities in Media (MIM)
Peggy A. Lumpkin and Denise Tolbert
32 Wesley Joseph McJulien: Leader Spotlight
Patricia Young
33 The Evolution of Instructional Design Models
Robert Maribe (Rob) Branch and Rebecca Clark-Stallkamp
Introduction to Part 4: AECT in the Information Age: 2000–2023
Anthony A. Piña
34 Lessons from Hindsight: Revisiting AECT’s Turn of the Century ‘Existential Crisis’
Kerry Burner and Marcy Driscoll (with contributions of Robert Harrell, Phillip Harris and Kyle L. Peck)
35 TechTrends
John Curry, Rebeca Peacock and Hannah Digges-Elliott
36 Culture, Learning, and Technology and the Promise of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Leading AECT into a More Inclusive Future
Angela D. Benson, Bernadette Beavers-Forrest, Lisa Giacumo, Constance Harris, Akesha Horton and Juhong Christie Liu
37 Robert Maribe Branch: Leader Spotlight
Joi L. Moore and Gary Powell
38 The AECT Design and Development Competition History: 2004–2023
Dan Schuch
39 The AECT Summer Research Symposium
Brad Hokanson
Introduction to Part 5: Perspectives: Past, Present, and Future
Barbara B. Lockee
40 How Much Did Teachers Use Media during the AV Era?
Michael H. Molenda and Robert L. Appelman
41 How Do We Understand the Historic Artifacts That Form the History of Instructional Design and Technology? Research and Recommendations
Matthew Sheldon Ames
42 Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) Legends & Legacies: Historical Narratives
Rebecca Clark-Stallkamp
43 A Critical and Generative History of Systems in Educational Technology
Alison A. Carr-Chellman and Gordon Rowland
44 History of AECT Professional Ethics
Vicki S. Napper, Abbas Johari and Andrew R.J. Yeaman
45 A Bibliometric View of Educational Technology: A Domain Analysis of the Conference Proceedings of the AECT, 1979–2009
Vandy Pacetti-Donelson
46 AECT and Social Justice: A Retrospective Look and a Critical Path Forward
Kristin Herman, Paula Marcelle, Chris Luchs and Kae Novak
47 Challenges for the Epoch ahead and an Undivided World at Large
Jan Visser
Appendix A: 100 Years of AECT Presidents
Appendix B: AECT Legends and Legacies
Notes on Contributors
Name Index
Subject Index
Joi L. Moore
Series Editors’ Foreword
Christopher Thomas Miller and Anthony A. Piña
Acknowledgments
List of Figures and Tables
PART 1: DVI in the Visual Instruction and Radio Era: 1923–1947
Introduction to Part 1: DVI in the Visual Instruction and Radio Era: 1923–1947
Michael H. Molenda
1 AECT in Its First Fifty Years (DVI and DAVI)
Michael H. Molenda
2 Reading between the Lines: A Herstory of Instructional Design and Technology
Rebecca Clark-Stallkamp, Linda Wiley and Barbara B. Lockee
3 F. Dean McClusky: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
4 AECT and the Visual Instruction Movement (1918–1928)
Wendell Johnson
5 Charles F. Hoban, Jr.: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
6 James D. Finn’s Contribution to Establishing Infrastructure for Our Field
Jill Stefaniak and Laura Stapleton
7 James D. Finn: Leader Spotlight
Kenneth H. Silber
8 Celluloid Classrooms: Promise and Outcomes of the Visual Instruction Movement
William Sugar
9 Cone of Experience: The Legacy of Edgar Dale
Monalisa Dash
10 Edgar Dale: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
11 Elizabeth Golterman: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
PART 2: DAVI and the Post WWII Audio Visual Education and Television Era: 1947–1969
Introduction to Part 2: DAVI in the Post-World War II AV Education and Television Era: 1947–1969
Michael H. Molenda
12 The Audiovisual Education Era: A Hidden History
Michael H. Molenda and Robert L. Appelman
13 Richard B. Lewis: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
14 Anna L. Hyer: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
15 James W. Brown: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
16 L. C. “Ole” Larson: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
17 The Lake Okoboji Leadership Conference: A Legacy of Leadership Development
Christopher Thomas Miller
18 Lee and Lida Cochran: Leader Spotlight
Christopher T. Miller
19 Charles F. Schuller: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
20 Programmed Instruction and Its Successor Technologies
Michael H. Molenda and Phillip L. Harris
21 Susan Meyer Markle: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
22 Robert Heinich: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
23 William F. Kruse—Socialist, Documentary Filmmaker, & DAVI Archivist: Leader Spotlight
Matthew Sheldon Ames
PART 3: AECT in the Instructional Design and Computer Era: 1970–1999
Introduction to Part 3: AECT in the Instructional Design and Computer Era: 1970–1999
Michael H. Molenda
24 AECT in Its Second Fifty Years
Michael H. Molenda, Christopher T. Miller, Phillip L. Harris, Barbara B. Lockee and Anthony A. Piña
25 Editors’ Perspectives of Educational Technology Research and Development (ETR&D) Journal: Reflecting the Growth of ETR&D through Editors’ Personal Journeys
Steven Ross, James Klein, J. Michael Spector, Abbas Johari, Gloria Natividad Beltrán del Río, Patricia Young, Tristan Johnson, Hale Ilgaz, Gwendolyn Morel and Lin Lin-Lipsmeyer
26 Jerrold E. Kemp: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
27 AECT’s Leadership Role in the Field of Visual Literacy and Message Design: 1975–1995
Lauren Cifuentes
28 Richard E. Clark: Leader Spotlight
Michael H. Molenda
29 The AECT Foundation: Five Decades of Recognizing Achievement and Supporting Leadership Development
Anthony A. Piña
30 What Do a Jet Fighter Trainer, a Drag Racer, and a Long-Distance Canoeist Have in Common?
Robert Doyle
31 Making Visible the History of MIM in AECT: Excavating the History of the Affiliate Minorities in Media (MIM)
Peggy A. Lumpkin and Denise Tolbert
32 Wesley Joseph McJulien: Leader Spotlight
Patricia Young
33 The Evolution of Instructional Design Models
Robert Maribe (Rob) Branch and Rebecca Clark-Stallkamp
PART 4: AECT in the Information Age: 2000–2023
Introduction to Part 4: AECT in the Information Age: 2000–2023
Anthony A. Piña
34 Lessons from Hindsight: Revisiting AECT’s Turn of the Century ‘Existential Crisis’
Kerry Burner and Marcy Driscoll (with contributions of Robert Harrell, Phillip Harris and Kyle L. Peck)
35 TechTrends
John Curry, Rebeca Peacock and Hannah Digges-Elliott
36 Culture, Learning, and Technology and the Promise of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Leading AECT into a More Inclusive Future
Angela D. Benson, Bernadette Beavers-Forrest, Lisa Giacumo, Constance Harris, Akesha Horton and Juhong Christie Liu
37 Robert Maribe Branch: Leader Spotlight
Joi L. Moore and Gary Powell
38 The AECT Design and Development Competition History: 2004–2023
Dan Schuch
39 The AECT Summer Research Symposium
Brad Hokanson
PART 5: Perspectives: Past, Present, and Future
Introduction to Part 5: Perspectives: Past, Present, and Future
Barbara B. Lockee
40 How Much Did Teachers Use Media during the AV Era?
Michael H. Molenda and Robert L. Appelman
41 How Do We Understand the Historic Artifacts That Form the History of Instructional Design and Technology? Research and Recommendations
Matthew Sheldon Ames
42 Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) Legends & Legacies: Historical Narratives
Rebecca Clark-Stallkamp
43 A Critical and Generative History of Systems in Educational Technology
Alison A. Carr-Chellman and Gordon Rowland
44 History of AECT Professional Ethics
Vicki S. Napper, Abbas Johari and Andrew R.J. Yeaman
45 A Bibliometric View of Educational Technology: A Domain Analysis of the Conference Proceedings of the AECT, 1979–2009
Vandy Pacetti-Donelson
46 AECT and Social Justice: A Retrospective Look and a Critical Path Forward
Kristin Herman, Paula Marcelle, Chris Luchs and Kae Novak
47 Challenges for the Epoch ahead and an Undivided World at Large
Jan Visser
Appendix A: 100 Years of AECT Presidents
Appendix B: AECT Legends and Legacies
Notes on Contributors
Name Index
Subject Index
All interested in the history of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology and leaders in the field of educational technology.