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Extractivism Across Production and Social Reproduction
Classes of Labour in Rural Turkey
Series: - Studies in Critical Social Sciences, Volume: 307/31
- New Scholarship in Political Economy, Volume: 307/31
Author:
This book examines the political economy of natural resource extraction in the Global South across production and social reproduction. Building on a fieldwork which stretched over six years, the book argues that natural resource extraction in the agrarian South is a multi-dimensional development strategy, whose holistic analysis necessitates attention to (i) the significance of the natural resource in question for macro development plans and global value chains, (ii) the formation of the classes of extractive labour across production and social reproduction, (iii) gender division of labour within rural extractive households and rural labour markets, and (iv) labour process and control strategies in the spheres of production and social reproduction.
Coşku Çelik is an Assistant Professor at Kadir Has University. She holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the Middle East Technical University. She worked as a postdoctoral Fellow and Visiting Professor at York University from 2019 to 2022. Her research interests include labour studies, development studies, and feminist political economy.
Foreword
Acknowledgements
List of Figures and Tables
Acronyms and Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1 A Class-Relational Approach to Labour of Extraction under Neoliberalism
2 Introducing the Field
3 The Design and Method of the Fieldwork
3.1 Semi-structured Interviews
3.2 Focus Group Interviews
3.3 Participant Observation
4 Phases of the Fieldwork
4.1 Phase
i
(June and July 2015, February 2016)
4.2 Phase
ii
(June–September 2016, March 2017)
4.3 Phase
iii
(July and August 2018)
5 Outline of the Book
2 Classes of Extractive Labour across Production and Social Reproduction: Patterns of Dispossession and Class Formation in the Rural Extractive Regions
1 Proletarianization as Primitive Accumulation
2 Ongoing Primitive Accumulation and Gendered Patterns of Proletarianization: A Marxist Feminist Framework
3 The Development of Capitalism in Agriculture and Dispossession of Small-Scale Farmers
4 Rural Class Formation across Production and Social Reproduction
5 Conclusion
3 Extractivism and Labour Control: Reflections of Turkey’s ‘Coal Rush’ in the Underground Coalmines
1 Controlling and Disciplining the Classes of Extractive Labour: Labour Regime Analysis
2 The Political Economy of Coal Extraction in Neoliberal Turkey
2.1 A Brief History of Neoliberalism in Turkey
2.2 Turkey’s ‘Coal Rush’ under the
akp
Rule
3 Historical Background: Coal Extraction in Soma Before the 2000s
4 The Neoliberal Transformation of the Coal Industry in the Soma Coal Basin in the 2000s
5 Labour Supply to the Coal Pits of Soma
6 Coal Rush Underground: Labour Processes in the Coal Pits of Soma
6.1 Firms Operating Mines in the Soma Coal Basin
6.2 Recruitment Processes and the Informal Subcontractors
6.3 The Organization of Work
6.4 Coal Rush Underground: Production Pressure
7 Conclusion
4 The Social Reproduction of Extractivism: Gendered Patterns of Dispossession and Women’s Work in Rural Turkey
1 The Production and Social Reproduction of the Classes of Extractive Labour
2 The Development of Capitalism in Agriculture in Turkey until the 1980s
3 Neoliberalism in Agriculture and Gendered Patterns of Dispossession and Proletarianization in Turkey
4 Agrarian Change, Patterns of Dispossession, and Livelihood Diversification in the Soma Coal Basin
5 Women’s Work in the Soma Coal Basin
5.1 Labour Processes and Working Conditions of Women in Agriculture
5.2 The Social Reproduction of Miner Families: Unpaid Work of Miners’ Wives
6 Conclusion
5 The Soma Mine Disaster, Labour Control in the Sphere of Social Reproduction, and Moments of Resistance
1 Authoritarian Neoliberalism and Extractivism
2 The Soma Mine Disaster and Its Prosecution Process
3 Local Labour Control and Discipline Strategies
4 Local Labour Control and Discipline after the Soma Mine Disaster: Clientelism – Wage Increases – Unemployment
5 Moments of Resistance: Attempts for Alternative Unionizations and Local Social Movements in the Basin
5.1 Anti-coal Resistance in Yırca
5.2 Resistance against Redundancy of Miners
6 Conclusion
6 Conclusion
Postscript: The Condition of Coal Mining and Agricultural Production Amid the Overlapping Crises in Turley during the 2020s
1 Food Crises and Agricultural Production of Small-Scale Farmers
2 Changing State-Capital-Labour Relations in the Coal Industry
3 Conclusion
References
Index
Acknowledgements
List of Figures and Tables
Acronyms and Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1 A Class-Relational Approach to Labour of Extraction under Neoliberalism
2 Introducing the Field
3 The Design and Method of the Fieldwork
3.1 Semi-structured Interviews
3.2 Focus Group Interviews
3.3 Participant Observation
4 Phases of the Fieldwork
4.1 Phase
4.2 Phase
4.3 Phase
5 Outline of the Book
2 Classes of Extractive Labour across Production and Social Reproduction: Patterns of Dispossession and Class Formation in the Rural Extractive Regions
1 Proletarianization as Primitive Accumulation
2 Ongoing Primitive Accumulation and Gendered Patterns of Proletarianization: A Marxist Feminist Framework
3 The Development of Capitalism in Agriculture and Dispossession of Small-Scale Farmers
4 Rural Class Formation across Production and Social Reproduction
5 Conclusion
3 Extractivism and Labour Control: Reflections of Turkey’s ‘Coal Rush’ in the Underground Coalmines
1 Controlling and Disciplining the Classes of Extractive Labour: Labour Regime Analysis
2 The Political Economy of Coal Extraction in Neoliberal Turkey
2.1 A Brief History of Neoliberalism in Turkey
2.2 Turkey’s ‘Coal Rush’ under the
3 Historical Background: Coal Extraction in Soma Before the 2000s
4 The Neoliberal Transformation of the Coal Industry in the Soma Coal Basin in the 2000s
5 Labour Supply to the Coal Pits of Soma
6 Coal Rush Underground: Labour Processes in the Coal Pits of Soma
6.1 Firms Operating Mines in the Soma Coal Basin
6.2 Recruitment Processes and the Informal Subcontractors
6.3 The Organization of Work
6.4 Coal Rush Underground: Production Pressure
7 Conclusion
4 The Social Reproduction of Extractivism: Gendered Patterns of Dispossession and Women’s Work in Rural Turkey
1 The Production and Social Reproduction of the Classes of Extractive Labour
2 The Development of Capitalism in Agriculture in Turkey until the 1980s
3 Neoliberalism in Agriculture and Gendered Patterns of Dispossession and Proletarianization in Turkey
4 Agrarian Change, Patterns of Dispossession, and Livelihood Diversification in the Soma Coal Basin
5 Women’s Work in the Soma Coal Basin
5.1 Labour Processes and Working Conditions of Women in Agriculture
5.2 The Social Reproduction of Miner Families: Unpaid Work of Miners’ Wives
6 Conclusion
5 The Soma Mine Disaster, Labour Control in the Sphere of Social Reproduction, and Moments of Resistance
1 Authoritarian Neoliberalism and Extractivism
2 The Soma Mine Disaster and Its Prosecution Process
3 Local Labour Control and Discipline Strategies
4 Local Labour Control and Discipline after the Soma Mine Disaster: Clientelism – Wage Increases – Unemployment
5 Moments of Resistance: Attempts for Alternative Unionizations and Local Social Movements in the Basin
5.1 Anti-coal Resistance in Yırca
5.2 Resistance against Redundancy of Miners
6 Conclusion
6 Conclusion
Postscript: The Condition of Coal Mining and Agricultural Production Amid the Overlapping Crises in Turley during the 2020s
1 Food Crises and Agricultural Production of Small-Scale Farmers
2 Changing State-Capital-Labour Relations in the Coal Industry
3 Conclusion
References
Index
This volume will be of particular interest to various Institutes of labour studies, development studies, and political economy, university libraries, post-graduate students, and activists of ecology, labour rights, and women’s rights.