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Ezekiel Traditions in the Second Temple Period
4QWords of Ezekiel in Its Broader Context
Series: - Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah, Volume: 151
Author:
This volume offers a fresh perspective on the composition 4QWords of Ezekiel found at Qumran, and the development and transmission of the textual traditions associated with the prophet Ezekiel during the Second Temple period. As the first comprehensive monograph on this composition, it explores the intricate relationship between WoEzek and the scriptural Book of Ezekiel. The study suggests that WoEzek, through its unique structural framework and selected oracles, reflects how Ezekiel’s visions were interpreted during the Second Temple period. By placing WoEzek within its broader literary and historical context, the analysis challenges traditional views on this composition and highlights the significance of Ezekiel's prophecy in the evolution of apocalyptic literature. This resource is ideal for scholars and graduate students in Biblical Studies and Second Temple literature, especially those interested in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ezekiel’s prophetic writings.
Anna Shirav Hamernik, Ph.D. (2023), is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the Department of Jewish Philosophy, Tel Aviv University. Her research interests include the Dead Sea Scrolls, Apocalyptic Literature, and the transmission of scriptural traditions in the Second Temple period.
Acknowledgements
List of Figures and Tables
Abbreviations
Introduction
1 Research Objectives and Method
2 Chapter Synopsis
3 Text and Translation
1 Words of Ezekiel in Scholarly Context
1 The Scrolls of WoEzek
2 The Textual Sphere of WoEzek
2 4QWords of Ezekiel: Discovery, Identification, and Scholarly Perspectives
1 The History of the Discovery
2 The Shared History of 4QWords of Ezekiel and 4QApocryphon of Jeremiah C: Purchase, Identification, and Publication
3 Current Textual Approaches to the Connection Between WoEzek Ezekiel and Apocryphon of Jeremiah C
4 Fresh Observations on the Relationship Between WoEzek and the Apocryphon of Jeremiah
5 Conclusions
3 The Leather Scrolls of 4QWords of Ezekiel: 4Q385–4Q386 and 4Q388
1 Material Considerations, Stylistic Characteristics, and Their Influence on the Understanding of the Composition
2 4Q385
3 4Q385b (=4Q385 7)
4 4Q386
5 4Q388
6 Reconstructing 4QWords of Ezekiel
7 Conclusions
4 The Papyrus Manuscript 4Q391
1 The Material and Textual Characteristics of 4Q391
2 Text and Comments
3 WoEzek, Textual Pluriformity, and the Question of Authoritativeness
5 “And You Shall Live Again, and I Will Set You upon Your Own Soil”: Reading 4QWords of Ezekiel as a Narrative
1 Opening; The Day of the Lord (4Q385b)
2 The End of the Current Cosmic Order (4Q385 4)
3 Revelation in Exile—the Merkavah Vision (4Q385 6)
4 Resurrection According to the Vision of the Dry Bones (4Q385 2. Par: 4Q386 1i, 4Q388 7 + 4Q385 3)
5 4Q386 1 ii—Exilic Patterns in the History of Israel
6 4Q386 1 iii—the Fall of Babylon
7 Conclusions
3 Between Ezekiel and Moses: Prophetic Authority and the Formation of a Nation
1 Merging Authority: Ezekiel’s Role in Mosaic Discourse
2 Ezekiel as a Second Moses
3 Ezekiel and the Law of the Torah
4 Establishing the Covenant: the Re-presentation of the Exodus by Ezekiel
5 Conclusions
7 Reading Words of Ezekiel as an Apocalypse: Reaching the End, Re-Building the Temple?
1 Time, Covenants and Temples: WoEzek, the Books of Jubilees, and Related Traditions
2 Reaching the Endzeit
3 Ezekiel’s Temple and the Apocalyptic Imagination
8 The Literary and Linguistic Distinctiveness of WoEzek, the Question of Provenance, and the Emerging of “Ezekielian Imagination”
1 The Overlooked Exodus Tradition in 4QWords of Ezekiel and Its Social Context
2 The Hebrew of WoEzek
3 The Provenance of WoEzek
4 Writing and Rewriting Ezekiel in the Second Temple Period
5 The Ezekielian Imagination
Summary and Conclusions
Bibliography
Index of Modern Authors
Index of Ancient Sources
List of Figures and Tables
Abbreviations
Introduction
1 Research Objectives and Method
2 Chapter Synopsis
3 Text and Translation
1 Words of Ezekiel in Scholarly Context
1 The Scrolls of WoEzek
2 The Textual Sphere of WoEzek
2 4QWords of Ezekiel: Discovery, Identification, and Scholarly Perspectives
1 The History of the Discovery
2 The Shared History of 4QWords of Ezekiel and 4QApocryphon of Jeremiah C: Purchase, Identification, and Publication
3 Current Textual Approaches to the Connection Between WoEzek Ezekiel and Apocryphon of Jeremiah C
4 Fresh Observations on the Relationship Between WoEzek and the Apocryphon of Jeremiah
5 Conclusions
3 The Leather Scrolls of 4QWords of Ezekiel: 4Q385–4Q386 and 4Q388
1 Material Considerations, Stylistic Characteristics, and Their Influence on the Understanding of the Composition
2 4Q385
3 4Q385b (=4Q385 7)
4 4Q386
5 4Q388
6 Reconstructing 4QWords of Ezekiel
7 Conclusions
4 The Papyrus Manuscript 4Q391
1 The Material and Textual Characteristics of 4Q391
2 Text and Comments
3 WoEzek, Textual Pluriformity, and the Question of Authoritativeness
5 “And You Shall Live Again, and I Will Set You upon Your Own Soil”: Reading 4QWords of Ezekiel as a Narrative
1 Opening; The Day of the Lord (4Q385b)
2 The End of the Current Cosmic Order (4Q385 4)
3 Revelation in Exile—the Merkavah Vision (4Q385 6)
4 Resurrection According to the Vision of the Dry Bones (4Q385 2. Par: 4Q386 1i, 4Q388 7 + 4Q385 3)
5 4Q386 1 ii—Exilic Patterns in the History of Israel
6 4Q386 1 iii—the Fall of Babylon
7 Conclusions
3 Between Ezekiel and Moses: Prophetic Authority and the Formation of a Nation
1 Merging Authority: Ezekiel’s Role in Mosaic Discourse
2 Ezekiel as a Second Moses
3 Ezekiel and the Law of the Torah
4 Establishing the Covenant: the Re-presentation of the Exodus by Ezekiel
5 Conclusions
7 Reading Words of Ezekiel as an Apocalypse: Reaching the End, Re-Building the Temple?
1 Time, Covenants and Temples: WoEzek, the Books of Jubilees, and Related Traditions
2 Reaching the Endzeit
3 Ezekiel’s Temple and the Apocalyptic Imagination
8 The Literary and Linguistic Distinctiveness of WoEzek, the Question of Provenance, and the Emerging of “Ezekielian Imagination”
1 The Overlooked Exodus Tradition in 4QWords of Ezekiel and Its Social Context
2 The Hebrew of WoEzek
3 The Provenance of WoEzek
4 Writing and Rewriting Ezekiel in the Second Temple Period
5 The Ezekielian Imagination
Summary and Conclusions
Bibliography
Index of Modern Authors
Index of Ancient Sources
Graduate students and scholars in Biblical Studies and Second Temple literature, particularly those interested in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Apocalyptic literature, the Book of Ezekiel, and related texts.