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From the late eighteenth century, more and more men and women wished to marry their cousins or in-laws. This aim was primarily linked to changes in marriage concepts, which were increasingly based on familiarity. Wealthy as well as economically precarious households counted on related marriage partners. Such unions, however, faced centuries-old marriage impediments. Bridal couples had to apply for a papal dispensation. This meant a hurdled, lengthy and also expensive procedure.

This book shows that applicants in four dioceses – Brixen, Chur, Salzburg and Trent – took very different paths through the thicket of bureaucracy to achieve their goal. How did they argue their marriage projects? How did they succeed and why did so many fail? Tenacity often proved decisive in the end.
In 1602 the German nation of the University of Orléans decided to separate the registration of new members from the texte des rapports in the Livres des procurateurs, 1444-1602. The registres matricules that were subsequently used show that in the seventeenth century many young people from a great diversity of European countries found their way to Orléans. Apart from the genuine students, many were 'tourists', though considered by the authorities as 'étudiants universitaires'.
Joining the German nation offered the newly enrolled the privilege of being part of a university community that had traditionally been favoured by the French kings with special privileges, such as royal protection in time of war and, more importantly, freedom of religion. A majority of these student-tourists came from the nobility or from urban patrician families.