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Astronomy until c. 430 AH
Author:
Translator:
For over sixty years, Professor Fuat Sezgin meticulously documented the literary and scientific writings and achievements of Muslim scholars. His celebrated Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums (GAS), the largest bio-bibliography for the Arabic literary tradition in general, and the history of science and technology in the Islamic world in particular, is still of utmost importance for the field.
Astronomy until c. 430 AH
Author:
For over sixty years, Professor Fuat Sezgin meticulously documented the literary and scientific writings and achievements of Muslim scholars. His celebrated Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums (GAS), the largest bio-bibliography for the Arabic literary tradition in general, and the history of science and technology in the Islamic world in particular, is still of utmost importance for the field.
Alchemy, Chemistry, Botany, Agriculture until c. 430 AH
Author:
Translator:
For over sixty years, Professor Fuat Sezgin meticulously documented the literary and scientific writings and achievements of Muslim scholars. His celebrated Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums (GAS), the largest bio-bibliography for the Arabic literary tradition in general, and the history of science and technology in the Islamic world in particular, is still of utmost importance for the field.
Alchemy, Chemistry, Botany, Agriculture until c. 430 AH
Author:
For over sixty years, Professor Fuat Sezgin meticulously documented the literary and scientific writings and achievements of Muslim scholars. His celebrated Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums (GAS), the largest bio-bibliography for the Arabic literary tradition in general, and the history of science and technology in the Islamic world in particular, is still of utmost importance for the field.
Mathematics, until c. 430 AH
Author:
Translator:
For over sixty years, Professor Fuat Sezgin meticulously documented the literary and scientific writings and achievements of Muslim scholars. His celebrated Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums (GAS), the largest bio-bibliography for the Arabic literary tradition in general, and the history of science and technology in the Islamic world in particular, is still of utmost importance for the field.
Mathematics, until c. 430 AH
Author:
For over sixty years, Professor Fuat Sezgin meticulously documented the literary and scientific writings and achievements of Muslim scholars. His celebrated Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums (GAS), the largest bio-bibliography for the Arabic literary tradition in general, and the history of science and technology in the Islamic world in particular, is still of utmost importance for the field.
Series Editor:
The bookseries The Medical Works of Moses Maimonides aims to provide critical editions of all the medical works by the famous rabbi, philosopher and medical doctor Moses Maimonides (1138-1204). The series is part of an ongoing project. Volumes 1-10 were published by Brigham Young University Press. ACADEMIC BOARD Gerrit Bos (University of Cologne) Lawrence I. Conrad (University of Hamburg) Alfred I. Ivry (New York University) Y. Tzvi Langermann (Bar Ilan University, Israel) Michael R. McVaugh (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill)
Medicine, Pharmacy, Zoology, Veterinary Science, until c. 430 AH
Author:
Translator:
For over sixty years, Professor Fuat Sezgin meticulously documented the literary and scientific writings and achievements of Muslim scholars. His celebrated Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums (GAS), the largest bio-bibliography for the Arabic literary tradition in general, and the history of science and technology in the Islamic world in particular, is still of utmost importance for the field.
Medicine, Pharmacy, Zoology, Veterinary Science, until c. 430 AH
Author:
For over sixty years, Professor Fuat Sezgin meticulously documented the literary and scientific writings and achievements of Muslim scholars. His celebrated Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums (GAS), the largest bio-bibliography for the Arabic literary tradition in general, and the history of science and technology in the Islamic world in particular, is still of utmost importance for the field.
The definition of a healthcare system evolves continuously, becoming broader and more complex with each rendering. Healthcare systems can consist of many different elements, including but not limited to: access to comprehensive medical care, health promotion, disease prevention, institutional framework, financing schemes, government responsibility over health, etc. In light of its broad classification of healthcare, this book focuses on a wide spectrum of health-related issues ranging from risk factors for disease to medical treatment and possible frameworks for healthcare systems. Aging populations, increasing costs of healthcare, advancing technology, and challenges created by the COVID-19 pandemic require an innovative conceptual and methodological framework. By combining the experience and effort of researchers from a variety of fields including mathematics, medicine and economics, this book offers an interdisciplinary approach to studying health-related issues. It contributes to the existing literature by integrating the perspective of treatment with the economic determinants of health care outcomes, such as population density, access to financial resources and institutional frameworks. It also provides new evidence regarding the pharmaceutical industry including innovation, international trade and company performance.
Contributors are: Sayansk Da Silva, Joe Feinglass, Scott W. Hegerty, Joseph E. Hibdon, Jr, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski, Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska, Dawid Majcherek, Ewelina Nojszewska, Izabela Pruchnicka-Grabias, Agata Sielska and Julian Smółka.
Contributors are: Sayansk Da Silva, Joe Feinglass, Scott W. Hegerty, Joseph E. Hibdon, Jr, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski, Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska, Dawid Majcherek, Ewelina Nojszewska, Izabela Pruchnicka-Grabias, Agata Sielska and Julian Smółka.
The definition of a healthcare system evolves continuously, becoming broader and more complex with each rendering. Healthcare systems can consist of many different elements, including but not limited to: access to comprehensive medical care, health promotion, disease prevention, institutional framework, financing schemes, government responsibility over health, etc. In light of its broad classification of healthcare, this book focuses on a wide spectrum of health-related issues ranging from risk factors for disease to medical treatment and possible frameworks for healthcare systems. Aging populations, increasing costs of healthcare, advancing technology, and challenges created by the COVID-19 pandemic require an innovative conceptual and methodological framework. By combining the experience and effort of researchers from a variety of fields including mathematics, medicine and economics, this book offers an interdisciplinary approach to studying health-related issues. It contributes to the existing literature by integrating the perspective of treatment with the economic determinants of health care outcomes, such as population density, access to financial resources and institutional frameworks. It also provides new evidence regarding the pharmaceutical industry including innovation, international trade and company performance.
Contributors are: Sayansk Da Silva, Joe Feinglass, Scott W. Hegerty, Joseph E. Hibdon, Jr, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski, Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska, Dawid Majcherek, Ewelina Nojszewska, Izabela Pruchnicka-Grabias, Agata Sielska and Julian Smółka.
Contributors are: Sayansk Da Silva, Joe Feinglass, Scott W. Hegerty, Joseph E. Hibdon, Jr, Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski, Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska, Dawid Majcherek, Ewelina Nojszewska, Izabela Pruchnicka-Grabias, Agata Sielska and Julian Smółka.
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Abstract
Because limited financial access has been shown to be associated with adverse public health outcomes in the United States, modeling this access and identifying geographic areas where it is deficient is essential. Recent research on the locations of bank branches has identified thresholds below which a given area can be considered to be a “banking desert.” Thus far, most analyses of the country as a whole have tended to focus on minimum distances from geographic areas to the nearest bank, while a recent density-based analysis focused only on the city of Chicago. As such, there is not yet a nationwide study of bank densities for the entire United States. This study calculates banks per square mile for US Census tracts over ten different ranges of population density. One main finding is that bank density is sensitive to the measurement radius used (for example, density in urban areas can be calculated as the number of banks within two miles, while some rural areas require a 20-mile radius). This study then compiles a set of lower 5- and 10-percent thresholds that might be used to identify “banking deserts” in various urban, suburban, and rural areas; these largely conform to the findings of previous analyses. Finally, adjusting for population density using regression residuals, this chapter examines whether an index of economic deprivation is significantly higher in the five percent of “desert” tracts than in the remaining 95 percent. The differences are largest – and highly significant – in the densest tracts in large urban areas.
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Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to identify a pattern of international trade in medical products in the context of tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical products are grouped according to classifications of the World Trade Organization into four categories: pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, medical consumables, and personal protective products. This study focuses on the international trade of pharmaceuticals, which represents over a half of the total value of medical product trade. The United States, Germany, and Switzerland are key players regarding exports of medical products; however, the leaders differ in exports of the four medical product groups. Switzerland holds a predominant position in exports of pharmaceuticals, the US leads in exports of both medical equipment and medical consumables, while China is the world’s top exporter of personal protective products, occupying the 7th place in total exports of medical products. The analysis of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) indices showed that high trade values do not necessarily translate into specialization in trade. Switzerland and Ireland are the world’s leaders in terms of relative trade specialization in medical products, in particular they enjoy high comparative advantages in trade of pharmaceuticals. The US and China, although both have relative specialization in overall medical exports, do not reveal comparative advantages in trade of pharmaceuticals.
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Abstract
The chapter focuses on the development of healthcare and pharmaceutical industry analyzed from the perspective of the innovation divide in the world economy, as there are traditionally countries with developed national innovation systems, playing the role of technology leaders, and those with developing innovation systems, acting as innovation followers. However, together with significant structural changes taking place in the world economy, we observe a gradual shift of high-technology industries, such as the pharmaceutical industry, to emerging economies, among which China is making a considerable progress in innovation performance. The objective of this research is to measure the development of healthcare and pharmaceutical industry in economies traditionally playing the role of technological followers, that is, China and Poland, and economies positioned as innovation leaders, that is, the EU and the USA. According to the results, the development of the healthcare sector in emerging economies, in particular China, is positively associated with economic growth, and innovations in the pharmaceutical industry are critical to the present and future advances in healthcare.