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A Research Program in Progress
Author:
What are key causes and effects of structural inequality across many social, economic, and psychological situations of life? Power-dependence/exchange theory and relevant data are used in this book to help answer this complicated question. Crucial dimensions of interpersonal behavior, social symbolic communication, and individual social psychology are explored in the context of exchange network and group dynamics. Developed across the past 60 years, the research program covered here provides a distinctive perspective on “social exchange theory,” bringing to bear data produced through use of various research methods: qualitative ethnography, controlled laboratory experiment, vignette experiment, social sample survey, and psycholinguistic analysis.
A Research Program in Progress
Author:
What are key causes and effects of structural inequality across many social, economic, and psychological situations of life? Power-dependence/exchange theory and relevant data are used in this book to help answer this complicated question. Crucial dimensions of interpersonal behavior, social symbolic communication, and individual social psychology are explored in the context of exchange network and group dynamics. Developed across the past 60 years, the research program covered here provides a distinctive perspective on “social exchange theory,” bringing to bear data produced through use of various research methods: qualitative ethnography, controlled laboratory experiment, vignette experiment, social sample survey, and psycholinguistic analysis.
Author:
Many laws in the Old Greek translation of the Covenant Code do not say the same thing as the Hebrew text. In the past, various idiosyncrasies in the Greek translation of laws that involve the death penalty had been glossed over and considered stylistic variations or grammatical outliers. However, when the text-linguistic features of the Greek translation are compared to contemporary literary, documentary, and legal Greek sources, new readings emerge: cursing a parent is no longer punishable by death; a law about bestiality becomes a law about animal husbandry; the authority of certain legal commands is deregulated. This work explores these and other new readings in comparison with contemporary Greco-Egyptian law.
Author:
Many laws in the Old Greek translation of the Covenant Code do not say the same thing as the Hebrew text. In the past, various idiosyncrasies in the Greek translation of laws that involve the death penalty had been glossed over and considered stylistic variations or grammatical outliers. However, when the text-linguistic features of the Greek translation are compared to contemporary literary, documentary, and legal Greek sources, new readings emerge: cursing a parent is no longer punishable by death; a law about bestiality becomes a law about animal husbandry; the authority of certain legal commands is deregulated. This work explores these and other new readings in comparison with contemporary Greco-Egyptian law.
Author:
Abstract
This work examines the biblical book of Exodus in its Greek translation from the third century BCE. The focal point of analysis is on laws that involve the death penal-ty, whether in the Hebrew or Greek texts. Using a method which prioritizes the eval-uation of the translated text in comparison to its source text, the present work ar-gues that laws involving the death penalty in Greek Exodus in no small way depart from the Hebrew text’s contents. This conclusion becomes clearer when the lan-guage, syntax, and traits of the Greek legal genre are combined with this comparison of the translation to its parent text. Through creative translation practices, the trans-lator of Exodus takes steps to remove or obscure capital punishment in some laws, add this penalty to another, or otherwise render a Hebrew law’s content in such a way that minimizes the scope or practicability of the capitally punishable offence. One such innovative measure of the translation is in the use of a Ptolemaic legal-syntactic trait that limits the practicability of a given legal command. Here the trans-lator draws on the scribal habits and rules of Greco-Egyptian law from the third cen-tury. In other cases, the translator renders with terms or phrases that superficially represent the Hebrew source text but do not semantically correspond to the Hebrew text in the Greek translation. This project points out these occurrences by means of comparison with the literary and documentary source materials from around the time of the translation. A particular interest is given to Greek legal materials. Out of this translation-technical data emerges the hypothesis that the translator of Exodus rendered these laws in such a way that they might coincide with the legal values and potentially the legal practices of the ethnic superpower of the day (the Greeks). Rel-evant comparisons are made in order to substantiate this observation.
Author:
Abstract
This work examines the biblical book of Exodus in its Greek translation from the third century BCE. The focal point of analysis is on laws that involve the death penal-ty, whether in the Hebrew or Greek texts. Using a method which prioritizes the eval-uation of the translated text in comparison to its source text, the present work ar-gues that laws involving the death penalty in Greek Exodus in no small way depart from the Hebrew text’s contents. This conclusion becomes clearer when the lan-guage, syntax, and traits of the Greek legal genre are combined with this comparison of the translation to its parent text. Through creative translation practices, the trans-lator of Exodus takes steps to remove or obscure capital punishment in some laws, add this penalty to another, or otherwise render a Hebrew law’s content in such a way that minimizes the scope or practicability of the capitally punishable offence. One such innovative measure of the translation is in the use of a Ptolemaic legal-syntactic trait that limits the practicability of a given legal command. Here the trans-lator draws on the scribal habits and rules of Greco-Egyptian law from the third cen-tury. In other cases, the translator renders with terms or phrases that superficially represent the Hebrew source text but do not semantically correspond to the Hebrew text in the Greek translation. This project points out these occurrences by means of comparison with the literary and documentary source materials from around the time of the translation. A particular interest is given to Greek legal materials. Out of this translation-technical data emerges the hypothesis that the translator of Exodus rendered these laws in such a way that they might coincide with the legal values and potentially the legal practices of the ethnic superpower of the day (the Greeks). Rel-evant comparisons are made in order to substantiate this observation.
Author:
Abstract
This work examines the biblical book of Exodus in its Greek translation from the third century BCE. The focal point of analysis is on laws that involve the death penal-ty, whether in the Hebrew or Greek texts. Using a method which prioritizes the eval-uation of the translated text in comparison to its source text, the present work ar-gues that laws involving the death penalty in Greek Exodus in no small way depart from the Hebrew text’s contents. This conclusion becomes clearer when the lan-guage, syntax, and traits of the Greek legal genre are combined with this comparison of the translation to its parent text. Through creative translation practices, the trans-lator of Exodus takes steps to remove or obscure capital punishment in some laws, add this penalty to another, or otherwise render a Hebrew law’s content in such a way that minimizes the scope or practicability of the capitally punishable offence. One such innovative measure of the translation is in the use of a Ptolemaic legal-syntactic trait that limits the practicability of a given legal command. Here the trans-lator draws on the scribal habits and rules of Greco-Egyptian law from the third cen-tury. In other cases, the translator renders with terms or phrases that superficially represent the Hebrew source text but do not semantically correspond to the Hebrew text in the Greek translation. This project points out these occurrences by means of comparison with the literary and documentary source materials from around the time of the translation. A particular interest is given to Greek legal materials. Out of this translation-technical data emerges the hypothesis that the translator of Exodus rendered these laws in such a way that they might coincide with the legal values and potentially the legal practices of the ethnic superpower of the day (the Greeks). Rel-evant comparisons are made in order to substantiate this observation.
Author:
Abstract
This work examines the biblical book of Exodus in its Greek translation from the third century BCE. The focal point of analysis is on laws that involve the death penal-ty, whether in the Hebrew or Greek texts. Using a method which prioritizes the eval-uation of the translated text in comparison to its source text, the present work ar-gues that laws involving the death penalty in Greek Exodus in no small way depart from the Hebrew text’s contents. This conclusion becomes clearer when the lan-guage, syntax, and traits of the Greek legal genre are combined with this comparison of the translation to its parent text. Through creative translation practices, the trans-lator of Exodus takes steps to remove or obscure capital punishment in some laws, add this penalty to another, or otherwise render a Hebrew law’s content in such a way that minimizes the scope or practicability of the capitally punishable offence. One such innovative measure of the translation is in the use of a Ptolemaic legal-syntactic trait that limits the practicability of a given legal command. Here the trans-lator draws on the scribal habits and rules of Greco-Egyptian law from the third cen-tury. In other cases, the translator renders with terms or phrases that superficially represent the Hebrew source text but do not semantically correspond to the Hebrew text in the Greek translation. This project points out these occurrences by means of comparison with the literary and documentary source materials from around the time of the translation. A particular interest is given to Greek legal materials. Out of this translation-technical data emerges the hypothesis that the translator of Exodus rendered these laws in such a way that they might coincide with the legal values and potentially the legal practices of the ethnic superpower of the day (the Greeks). Rel-evant comparisons are made in order to substantiate this observation.
Author:
Abstract
This work examines the biblical book of Exodus in its Greek translation from the third century BCE. The focal point of analysis is on laws that involve the death penal-ty, whether in the Hebrew or Greek texts. Using a method which prioritizes the eval-uation of the translated text in comparison to its source text, the present work ar-gues that laws involving the death penalty in Greek Exodus in no small way depart from the Hebrew text’s contents. This conclusion becomes clearer when the lan-guage, syntax, and traits of the Greek legal genre are combined with this comparison of the translation to its parent text. Through creative translation practices, the trans-lator of Exodus takes steps to remove or obscure capital punishment in some laws, add this penalty to another, or otherwise render a Hebrew law’s content in such a way that minimizes the scope or practicability of the capitally punishable offence. One such innovative measure of the translation is in the use of a Ptolemaic legal-syntactic trait that limits the practicability of a given legal command. Here the trans-lator draws on the scribal habits and rules of Greco-Egyptian law from the third cen-tury. In other cases, the translator renders with terms or phrases that superficially represent the Hebrew source text but do not semantically correspond to the Hebrew text in the Greek translation. This project points out these occurrences by means of comparison with the literary and documentary source materials from around the time of the translation. A particular interest is given to Greek legal materials. Out of this translation-technical data emerges the hypothesis that the translator of Exodus rendered these laws in such a way that they might coincide with the legal values and potentially the legal practices of the ethnic superpower of the day (the Greeks). Rel-evant comparisons are made in order to substantiate this observation.
Author:
Studies of Bactrian Legal Documents deals with legal texts written in Bactrian, an eastern Middle Iranian language, between the 4th and 8th centuries CE. The work aims to give insight in the Bactrian legal formulary as well as its historical context. In order to achieve that, the author carefully examines the terms and phrases in the legal documents and clarifies their function. Then he explores the historical background of expressions and wordings. To this end, he uses documents from other regions of the Near East spanning from Egypt to Turkestan.
Series:
Ancient Iran Series, Volume: 15
Author:
Studies of Bactrian Legal Documents deals with legal texts written in Bactrian, an eastern Middle Iranian language, between the 4th and 8th centuries CE. The work aims to give insight in the Bactrian legal formulary as well as its historical context. In order to achieve that, the author carefully examines the terms and phrases in the legal documents and clarifies their function. Then he explores the historical background of expressions and wordings. To this end, he uses documents from other regions of the Near East spanning from Egypt to Turkestan.