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Zur Verbreitung der christlichen Dämonenvorstellungen hat Augustinus einen (auch wirkungsgeschichtlich) bedeutsamen Beitrag geleistet. Vor allem in seinem Hauptwerk „De ciuitate dei“ und seiner Schrift „De diuinatione daemonum“, die gleichzeitig die einzige eigenständige Schrift eines Kirchenvaters zum Thema Dämonen ist, hat er dem Wesen und der Beschaffenheit der Dämonen seine Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Die Studie widmet sich der nichtchristlichen und christlichen Dämonologie der Antike von Homer bis in die Zeit Augustins. Besonderes Augenmerk fällt auf die Ansicht Platons, dass die Daimones als Mittler zwischen Menschen und Göttern fungieren. Diese Ansicht sollte bis zum Erstarken des Christentums im 2./3. Jahrhundert vorherrschen.
Zur Verbreitung der christlichen Dämonenvorstellungen hat Augustinus einen (auch wirkungsgeschichtlich) bedeutsamen Beitrag geleistet. Vor allem in seinem Hauptwerk „De ciuitate dei“ und seiner Schrift „De diuinatione daemonum“, die gleichzeitig die einzige eigenständige Schrift eines Kirchenvaters zum Thema Dämonen ist, hat er dem Wesen und der Beschaffenheit der Dämonen seine Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Die Studie widmet sich der nichtchristlichen und christlichen Dämonologie der Antike von Homer bis in die Zeit Augustins. Besonderes Augenmerk fällt auf die Ansicht Platons, dass die Daimones als Mittler zwischen Menschen und Göttern fungieren. Diese Ansicht sollte bis zum Erstarken des Christentums im 2./3. Jahrhundert vorherrschen.
The struggle against the climate crisis and for a livable future on earth raises profound questions of justice that call for theological engagement. Anchored in concrete situations of climate vulnerability and responsibility, this volume investigates the theological epistemologies, practices and imaginaries that have profoundly shaped climate politics in the past and explores possible theological reformulations that can open up sustainable and just futures. With these critical and constructive theological reflections, it seeks to contribute to practices of climate justice by inspiring the development of socially and economically just ways of living in global, inter-special community.
The struggle against the climate crisis and for a livable future on earth raises profound questions of justice that call for theological engagement. Anchored in concrete situations of climate vulnerability and responsibility, this volume investigates the theological epistemologies, practices and imaginaries that have profoundly shaped climate politics in the past and explores possible theological reformulations that can open up sustainable and just futures. With these critical and constructive theological reflections, it seeks to contribute to practices of climate justice by inspiring the development of socially and economically just ways of living in global, inter-special community.
Weitere Informationen über die Forschungsplattform finden Sie unter www.religionandtransformation.at.
The series "Religion and Transformation in Contemporary European Society" documents the work of the interdisciplinary research platform of the same name research platform of the University of Vienna. Under the umbrella of this platform, scientists research the mutual influences of religion(s) and social transformation processes in Europe. The volumes are the responsibility of the individual subgroups of the research platform and are each dedicated to a specific research question.
More information about the research platform can be found at www.religionandtransformation.at.
Abstract
This article is the first to focus on statements about ethical guidance in post-classical astronomy texts. A number of astronomers in post-classical Islamic societies remarked that the study of astronomy, specifically the mathematical analysis of the uniform motions of the celestial orbs, had ethical benefits. These astronomers’ statements are significant because, through them, scholars can learn more about the role of reason in Islamic thought and about sources of ethical guidance other than Sharīʿa and philosophical ethics. The details of the ethical guidance imparted by the study of astronomy tell us more about the relationship between astronomy and the disciplines of fiqh and kalām, respectively. The existence of ethical guidance in astronomy texts is additional evidence that post-classical astronomy texts were part of an Islamic intellectual tradition.
Abstract
Although overshadowed by his celebrated commentaries on Ibn ʿArabī and Ibn al-Fāriḍ, Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī’s (d. 750/1351) treatise on the philosophy of time – the Nihāyat al-bayān fī dirāyat al-zamān (The Utmost Elucidation Concerning Knowledge of Time) – is a notable milestone in the history of Islamic conceptions of temporality. Composed around the start of Qayṣarī’s tenure as head of the first Ottoman madrasa, the Nihāyat al-bayān rejects the Aristotelian definition of time as the number of motion in favor of Abū l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s concept of zamān as the measure of being. Challenging, likewise, portrayals of time as a flux or succession of fleeting instants, Qayṣarī propounds instead an absolutist vision of time as an integral, objectively existent whole. Qayṣarī’s reassessment of dominant medieval theories of temporality – including kalām atomism and the Neoplatonic distinction between time, perpetuity, and eternity – is thus shown to be a key early example of what was to become an abiding Ottoman interest in time and timekeeping.
Abstract
The principle known as the possibility of the nobler (qāʿidat imkān al-ashraf) is arguably one of the most often employed principles in later Islamic philosophy. In its standard formulation it states that if something baser exists, a nobler thing must have existed prior to it. A similar argument from the degrees of perfections has had a long career in the history of Western philosophy as well, with its beginnings reaching Stoicism. In Christian theology and philosophy it serves most importantly as a proof for the existence of God in the so-called henological argument of Aquinas. In Islamic philosophy it directly derives from the ex uno non fit nisi unum principle. Since the formulation of its standard version by al-Suhrawardī, the validity of the principle has been conditioned on that it is only applicable to the intelligible beings, hence its main objective is to offer a proof for the existence of the intellects. The article analyzes the application of the principle in Ṣadrā’s philosophy and enquires about its historical roots.
Abstract
Translation of “De niet-theoretische voor-oordeelen in de wetenschap: Critiek op een oncritische critiek” by Herman Dooyeweerd (1938), Philosophia Reformata 3 (4), pp. 193–201.