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This dictionary offers a unique perspective on the vast and varied terminology of Taoist Internal Alchemy (Neidan). Drawing on major original texts and premodern lexicons, it provides translations, definitions, and usage examples for over a thousand terms common throughout the tradition.
A comprehensive index of English equivalents allows readers to easily locate the corresponding Chinese terms.
Beyond serving as a reference for those reading, studying, or translating Neidan texts, the dictionary's entries offer glimpses into the rich imagery and poetic language of Internal Alchemy.
A comprehensive index of English equivalents allows readers to easily locate the corresponding Chinese terms.
Beyond serving as a reference for those reading, studying, or translating Neidan texts, the dictionary's entries offer glimpses into the rich imagery and poetic language of Internal Alchemy.
Author:
This dictionary offers a unique perspective on the vast and varied terminology of Taoist Internal Alchemy (Neidan). Drawing on major original texts and premodern lexicons, it provides translations, definitions, and usage examples for over a thousand terms common throughout the tradition.
A comprehensive index of English equivalents allows readers to easily locate the corresponding Chinese terms.
Beyond serving as a reference for those reading, studying, or translating Neidan texts, the dictionary's entries offer glimpses into the rich imagery and poetic language of Internal Alchemy.
A comprehensive index of English equivalents allows readers to easily locate the corresponding Chinese terms.
Beyond serving as a reference for those reading, studying, or translating Neidan texts, the dictionary's entries offer glimpses into the rich imagery and poetic language of Internal Alchemy.
Author:
A Heretical History of Architecture challenges the conventional understanding of significant developments in Western architecture as a series of alignments among dominant ideologies and artistic programs, arguing instead that the most consequential changes in the evolution of artistic and design practices across Europe between the fifth and seventeenth centuries were motivated by tensions between local religious or cultural traditions and centralized power.
This groundbreaking study richly demonstrates the processes through which heterodox beliefs that persisted within numerous diverse communities resulted in design experimentation so syncretic that it has heretofore eluded scholars employing conventional Euro-centric taxonomies of architectural styles.
This groundbreaking study richly demonstrates the processes through which heterodox beliefs that persisted within numerous diverse communities resulted in design experimentation so syncretic that it has heretofore eluded scholars employing conventional Euro-centric taxonomies of architectural styles.
Author:
A Heretical History of Architecture challenges the conventional understanding of significant developments in Western architecture as a series of alignments among dominant ideologies and artistic programs, arguing instead that the most consequential changes in the evolution of artistic and design practices across Europe between the fifth and seventeenth centuries were motivated by tensions between local religious or cultural traditions and centralized power.
This groundbreaking study richly demonstrates the processes through which heterodox beliefs that persisted within numerous diverse communities resulted in design experimentation so syncretic that it has heretofore eluded scholars employing conventional Euro-centric taxonomies of architectural styles.
This groundbreaking study richly demonstrates the processes through which heterodox beliefs that persisted within numerous diverse communities resulted in design experimentation so syncretic that it has heretofore eluded scholars employing conventional Euro-centric taxonomies of architectural styles.
Author:
There is no religion lest there are two religions. Therefore, it is only possible to examine the history of religions by taking the crucial situations of contact into account. Contact needs concepts. Not only scholars but also participants in situations of contact are forced to conceptualize themselves and the other. Taking its point of departure from the contact-based approach to the study of religion, the present volume examines and reassesses a selection of concepts and models (attraction, dynamics and stability, tradition, transcendence/immanence, senses, secret, space) used to come to terms with the phenomenon of contact as the dynamizing element of the history of religions.
Author:
There is no religion lest there are two religions. Therefore, it is only possible to examine the history of religions by taking the crucial situations of contact into account. Contact needs concepts. Not only scholars but also participants in situations of contact are forced to conceptualize themselves and the other. Taking its point of departure from the contact-based approach to the study of religion, the present volume examines and reassesses a selection of concepts and models (attraction, dynamics and stability, tradition, transcendence/immanence, senses, secret, space) used to come to terms with the phenomenon of contact as the dynamizing element of the history of religions.
Narratives around Sacred Places in Sinjar (Iraq) and the Islamic State’s Genocide against Yezidis
Author:
On August 3, 2014, the Sinjar region of Northern Iraq was attacked by the “Islamic State”. Killing and abducting thousands, the jihadists also destroyed many of the religious minority’s shrines. Others, however, were defended by local fighters and groups affiliated with the PKK. In the aftermath of the genocide, stories of divine intervention into the defence bolstered land claims of serveral Kurdish political groups. Through extensive fieldwork in the region, I trace imaginaries of Sinjar as a landscape of resistance and a communal history of continuous persecution to current political disputes and attempts to construct a unified Yezidi identity.
Narratives around Sacred Places in Sinjar (Iraq) and the Islamic State’s Genocide against Yezidis
Author:
On August 3, 2014, the Sinjar region of Northern Iraq was attacked by the “Islamic State”. Killing and abducting thousands, the jihadists also destroyed many of the religious minority’s shrines. Others, however, were defended by local fighters and groups affiliated with the PKK. In the aftermath of the genocide, stories of divine intervention into the defence bolstered land claims of serveral Kurdish political groups. Through extensive fieldwork in the region, I trace imaginaries of Sinjar as a landscape of resistance and a communal history of continuous persecution to current political disputes and attempts to construct a unified Yezidi identity.
Paracelsus (Theophrastus Bombast von Hohenheim, 1493–1541), Cosmological and Meteorological Writings
Series:
Aries Book Series, Volume: 36
Paracelsus (1493-1541) stands at a crossroads associated with the Renaissance and Reformation. His cosmological-meteorological writings exemplify the turning point that concluded the older worldview and opened fresh avenues. His nature philosophy is inseparable from his medicine. This volume encompasses Paracelsus’s writings on cosmology and meteorology in the German original with facing-page translations. The reliable source texts have been treated with methods of critical edition. The source text and translation are accompanied by commentary elucidating their obscurity through the context of his full corpus while placing them in the context of the best secondary literature from his time to the present.
Series:
Aries Book Series, Volume: 36
Paracelsus (1493-1541) stands at a crossroads associated with the Renaissance and Reformation. His cosmological-meteorological writings exemplify the turning point that concluded the older worldview and opened fresh avenues. His nature philosophy is inseparable from his medicine. This volume encompasses Paracelsus’s writings on cosmology and meteorology in the German original with facing-page translations. The reliable source texts have been treated with methods of critical edition. The source text and translation are accompanied by commentary elucidating their obscurity through the context of his full corpus while placing them in the context of the best secondary literature from his time to the present.
Abstract
Grouping research participants by culture or language proficiency may no longer suffice to investigate cognitive universals and differences cross-culturally, due to the interconnectedness of our multicultural world. Based on immigration psychology research, we provide a ‘proof of principle’ for three culture screening tools. Across five online experiments (total N = 440), we developed (1) The Cultural Traditions Questionnaire (CTQ), (2) the Arts Engagement in Childhood Questionnaire (AECQ), and (3) the Enculturation and Acculturation Quiz (EAQ). While these screening tools are tailored to Iranian and English cultures, the procedures provided here are expandable to other cultures. The screening scores predicted emotional attachment to a culture better than traditional variables used in cross-cultural research (self-ascribed culture group, country of residence during formative years, mother tongue). Continuous measures of enculturation and acculturation are potentially better predictors for downstream variables of interest, due to their finer granularity and capability to capture multifaceted cultural identities.
Author:
Abstract
The text focuses on a revision of the narrative about and status of Ethnic Groups and Boundaries (1969), touted as a ground-breaking publication which heralded a historic turning point in the study of ethnicity. In the first part, the author demonstrates that the understanding of ethnic groups, as presented in this work, was in no way original in its time; rather, it exemplified an already well-established and generally accepted theoretical model. In the second part, the author provides an alternative explanation for the fame and success of this text. He reveals that the central concept of the book – the bounded (ethnic) group – resonates very well with the mental module of “groupism” – part of the human cognitive apparatus. The generally favourable reception of Ethnic Groups and Boundaries is therefore not rooted in its novelty but rather in that it explicitly formulated a fundamental component of the human cognitive apparatus.
Abstract
This analysis summarizes conclusions on an evolutionary model for the origin of moral and religious capacities in the genus Homo. The authors’ published model (2020, Routledge) is now extended to the emergence of nascent theological thinking, augmenting the previous line of theory based on genomics, cognitive science, neuroscience, paleoneurology, cognitive archaeology, ethnography, and modern social science. This analysis concludes that findings support the earliest theological thinking in Homo sapiens, but not in an earlier species, Homo erectus, and clarifies why and when it likely began. Types of anatomy, behavior, neurology, and cognition are presented that support tendencies to frame a structure of religious principles and a set of supernatural figures that early humans would consider right, just, exemplary, and even sacred. Stages of emergent physical, behavioral, and cognitive features are presented in tables. While based on published research results in the sciences, the model is presented here with anticipation of future testing.
Abstract
Educational frameworks aim to empower students to become self-regulated and empowered learners. They also contribute to a robust learning community through the amalgamation of metacognitive strategies in their educational system. To shed the light on the same, we conducted a systematic review of research published between 2010 and 2022 in Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. The review focused on two key areas: a) the application of metacognition in teaching and learning, and b) the relationship between metacognitive strategies and pedagogical approaches. Our findings highlight metacognition’s promising role in developing self-awareness, critical thinking, and cognitive facilitation within the learning environment. Additionally, the review emphasizes self-regulated learning and cognitive instruction strategies as key pathways to metacognitive regulation. We conclude by advocating for the integration of metacognitive skills development within educational systems to promote holistic learner development.
Author:
Abstract
Blood libels are narratives about Jews and Christians, featuring an accusation that a child or a woman had been kidnapped and assaulted due to religious or economic goals. Blood libel-like narratives, however, are not only found in Judeo-Christian history; they appear in many cultures. Using the framework of Cultural Attraction Theory, the paper considers their evolution, and identifies testable factors of attraction. The paper makes two claims regarding the morphology and the function of these ancient tales. Firstly, narratives about outgroups tend to evolve towards the shape of a blood libel, as it taps into an optimum number of universal cognitive preferences. The correspondence with the evolved features of the mind contributes to the success of the narrative in different cultures and time periods. Secondly, these narratives function as coalition signals. Upon calling ingroup members into action against an outgroup, the blood libel unifies audiences before engaging in exclusionary action.