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In this groundbreaking book, Andrey Makarychev approaches populism through a critical biopolitical lens and shows that populist narratives are grounded intrinsically in corporeality, sexuality, health, bodily life and religious practices. The author demonstrates that populism is a phenomenon deeply rooted in mass culture. He compares three countries -- Estonia, Ukraine and Russia--that all share post-Soviet experiences offering a broad spectrum of populist discourses. The three case studies display the interconnection between biopower and populism through references to culture, media, art, theatrical performances and literature, raising new questions and directions for understanding traditional accounts of populism.
Series:
Global Populisms, Volume: 2
In this groundbreaking book, Andrey Makarychev approaches populism through a critical biopolitical lens and shows that populist narratives are grounded intrinsically in corporeality, sexuality, health, bodily life and religious practices. The author demonstrates that populism is a phenomenon deeply rooted in mass culture. He compares three countries -- Estonia, Ukraine and Russia--that all share post-Soviet experiences offering a broad spectrum of populist discourses. The three case studies display the interconnection between biopower and populism through references to culture, media, art, theatrical performances and literature, raising new questions and directions for understanding traditional accounts of populism.
War crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and the crime of aggression (so-called ‘core crimes’) often could not be committed without financial assistance. This book examines the basis for individual criminal liability under international law for persons who finance core crimes. Despite the need for clear rules, neither international courts nor scholars agree upon whether or not, or under what circumstances, such liability exists.
To determine the minimum standard of liability, this work analyses the legal rules relating to complicity, both under international criminal law and domestically in twenty selected jurisdictions in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and Oceania. The aim of these analyses is to determine whether there are general principles of law recognised by the community of States regarding the minimum standard of liability for aiders and abettors.
This book proposes a comparative framework for assessing legal rules relating to complicity, and it advances a normative claim as to how legal rules should be structured concerning the criminal responsibility of individuals who finance the commission of core crimes.
The analysis of the applicable international law and the comparative analysis of national jurisdictions lead to the conclusion that, currently, the minimum standard of knowledge for aiding and abetting is active knowledge. However, the author argues that this standard should be revised to include wilful blindness. Regarding the intent requirement, the analyses find that dolus eventualis is included in the definition of intent.
To determine the minimum standard of liability, this work analyses the legal rules relating to complicity, both under international criminal law and domestically in twenty selected jurisdictions in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and Oceania. The aim of these analyses is to determine whether there are general principles of law recognised by the community of States regarding the minimum standard of liability for aiders and abettors.
This book proposes a comparative framework for assessing legal rules relating to complicity, and it advances a normative claim as to how legal rules should be structured concerning the criminal responsibility of individuals who finance the commission of core crimes.
The analysis of the applicable international law and the comparative analysis of national jurisdictions lead to the conclusion that, currently, the minimum standard of knowledge for aiding and abetting is active knowledge. However, the author argues that this standard should be revised to include wilful blindness. Regarding the intent requirement, the analyses find that dolus eventualis is included in the definition of intent.
War crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and the crime of aggression (so-called ‘core crimes’) often could not be committed without financial assistance. This book examines the basis for individual criminal liability under international law for persons who finance core crimes. Despite the need for clear rules, neither international courts nor scholars agree upon whether or not, or under what circumstances, such liability exists.
To determine the minimum standard of liability, this work analyses the legal rules relating to complicity, both under international criminal law and domestically in twenty selected jurisdictions in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and Oceania. The aim of these analyses is to determine whether there are general principles of law recognised by the community of States regarding the minimum standard of liability for aiders and abettors.
This book proposes a comparative framework for assessing legal rules relating to complicity, and it advances a normative claim as to how legal rules should be structured concerning the criminal responsibility of individuals who finance the commission of core crimes.
The analysis of the applicable international law and the comparative analysis of national jurisdictions lead to the conclusion that, currently, the minimum standard of knowledge for aiding and abetting is active knowledge. However, the author argues that this standard should be revised to include wilful blindness. Regarding the intent requirement, the analyses find that dolus eventualis is included in the definition of intent.
To determine the minimum standard of liability, this work analyses the legal rules relating to complicity, both under international criminal law and domestically in twenty selected jurisdictions in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and Oceania. The aim of these analyses is to determine whether there are general principles of law recognised by the community of States regarding the minimum standard of liability for aiders and abettors.
This book proposes a comparative framework for assessing legal rules relating to complicity, and it advances a normative claim as to how legal rules should be structured concerning the criminal responsibility of individuals who finance the commission of core crimes.
The analysis of the applicable international law and the comparative analysis of national jurisdictions lead to the conclusion that, currently, the minimum standard of knowledge for aiding and abetting is active knowledge. However, the author argues that this standard should be revised to include wilful blindness. Regarding the intent requirement, the analyses find that dolus eventualis is included in the definition of intent.
The EU’s Policy towards Russia after Crimea
As the EU’s relations with Russia remain at an all-time low and continue to be in a state of paralysis, marked by de-institutionalisation, inertia and estrangement, the EU’s policy towards Russia seems up for review. By taking stock of the implementation of the EU’s Global Strategy and the five principles that are guiding EU-Russia relations, this volume provides a forward-looking angle and contributes to a better understanding of the current EU-Russia relationship and the prospects for overcoming the existing deadlock. By bringing together European and Russian scholars and adopting an interdisciplinary perspective that combines insights from EU studies, international relations, and European and international law, the book provides a comprehensive and holistic view on the state of affairs in EU-Russia relations.
The EU’s Policy towards Russia after Crimea
As the EU’s relations with Russia remain at an all-time low and continue to be in a state of paralysis, marked by de-institutionalisation, inertia and estrangement, the EU’s policy towards Russia seems up for review. By taking stock of the implementation of the EU’s Global Strategy and the five principles that are guiding EU-Russia relations, this volume provides a forward-looking angle and contributes to a better understanding of the current EU-Russia relationship and the prospects for overcoming the existing deadlock. By bringing together European and Russian scholars and adopting an interdisciplinary perspective that combines insights from EU studies, international relations, and European and international law, the book provides a comprehensive and holistic view on the state of affairs in EU-Russia relations.
Collected Essays by Michael Bothe
Professor Michael Bothe is one of the most prominent and influential scholars of international humanitarian law. His publications on legal restraints on the use of military force were not only important at the time of their publication. They continue to be relevant for the interpretation and further development of this highly important area of international law. This volume uniquely collects a wealth of writings that demonstrate that political ideals coupled with a sense of human responsibility can benefit from solid doctrinal underpinnings in international law. Michael Bothe's work brings together idealism, pragmatism and the law in a unique fashion that not only provides insights into important matters of every day politics but also serves as a stimulus for future contributions to the field. The volume thus provides guidance, food for thought and incentives for debate in the international legal community, among practitioners and academics alike. Michael’s doctrinal skills, combined with his contextualized assessment of the law, and his deep empathy for the needs of human beings in difficult situations, with a particular view to the victims of armed conflict, will provide a stimulus to scholars to address these issues in the future.
Collected Essays by Michael Bothe
Professor Michael Bothe is one of the most prominent and influential scholars of international humanitarian law. His publications on legal restraints on the use of military force were not only important at the time of their publication. They continue to be relevant for the interpretation and further development of this highly important area of international law. This volume uniquely collects a wealth of writings that demonstrate that political ideals coupled with a sense of human responsibility can benefit from solid doctrinal underpinnings in international law. Michael Bothe's work brings together idealism, pragmatism and the law in a unique fashion that not only provides insights into important matters of every day politics but also serves as a stimulus for future contributions to the field. The volume thus provides guidance, food for thought and incentives for debate in the international legal community, among practitioners and academics alike. Michael’s doctrinal skills, combined with his contextualized assessment of the law, and his deep empathy for the needs of human beings in difficult situations, with a particular view to the victims of armed conflict, will provide a stimulus to scholars to address these issues in the future.
The Politics of International Criminal Law is an interdisciplinary collection of original research that examines the often noted but understudied political dimensions of International Criminal Law (ICL). As a nascent legal regime that seeks to regulate the longstanding power of states to manage war and crime, ICL faces challenges to its legitimacy, including disagreement over its aims and effectiveness; inequality in the work of its institutions; and opposition from dominant countries. The editors bring together eleven senior and emerging scholars and practitioners from Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and North America to analyse these challenges from an illuminating range of theoretical and empirical perspectives. Taken together, the collection ultimately helps advance our understanding of the particularly charged relationship between law and politics in ICL.
The Politics of International Criminal Law is an interdisciplinary collection of original research that examines the often noted but understudied political dimensions of International Criminal Law (ICL). As a nascent legal regime that seeks to regulate the longstanding power of states to manage war and crime, ICL faces challenges to its legitimacy, including disagreement over its aims and effectiveness; inequality in the work of its institutions; and opposition from dominant countries. The editors bring together eleven senior and emerging scholars and practitioners from Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and North America to analyse these challenges from an illuminating range of theoretical and empirical perspectives. Taken together, the collection ultimately helps advance our understanding of the particularly charged relationship between law and politics in ICL.
The Role of International Investment Law in Armed Conflicts, Disputed Territories, and ‘Frozen’ Conflicts
Investments in Conflict Zones addresses the topical and underexplored role of international investment law in armed conflicts, disputed territories, and ‘frozen’ conflicts. The edited collection explores how these different conflict situations impact the application and interpretation of international investment law and how the protection of investors can be reconciled with the politically charged circumstances and state interests involved. Written by a selected group of experts from different fields of international law, the volume moves beyond the confines of investment law, offering novel insights on its intersection with the law of armed conflict, human rights law, the law of the sea, general international law and national laws, including those adopted by de facto regimes which lack recognition as states.
The Role of International Investment Law in Armed Conflicts, Disputed Territories, and ‘Frozen’ Conflicts
Investments in Conflict Zones addresses the topical and underexplored role of international investment law in armed conflicts, disputed territories, and ‘frozen’ conflicts. The edited collection explores how these different conflict situations impact the application and interpretation of international investment law and how the protection of investors can be reconciled with the politically charged circumstances and state interests involved. Written by a selected group of experts from different fields of international law, the volume moves beyond the confines of investment law, offering novel insights on its intersection with the law of armed conflict, human rights law, the law of the sea, general international law and national laws, including those adopted by de facto regimes which lack recognition as states.
Changing Actors in International Law explores actors other than the ‘state’ in international law with a particular focus on under-researched actors or others that do not easily fit the category of a non-state actor (such as quasi-states, trans-government networks, Indigenous Peoples and self-determination claimant groups). It also examines less well studied aspects of otherwise well-researched actors such as individuals, corporations, NGOs and armed organised groups. In Part 1 of this book, authors examine the role and consequences of the participation of those actors in the process of international law creation. In Part 2, authors focus on the extent to which these actors can be held responsible under international law for its breach and their participation in traditional and non-traditional dispute resolution processes.
Changing Actors in International Law explores actors other than the ‘state’ in international law with a particular focus on under-researched actors or others that do not easily fit the category of a non-state actor (such as quasi-states, trans-government networks, Indigenous Peoples and self-determination claimant groups). It also examines less well studied aspects of otherwise well-researched actors such as individuals, corporations, NGOs and armed organised groups. In Part 1 of this book, authors examine the role and consequences of the participation of those actors in the process of international law creation. In Part 2, authors focus on the extent to which these actors can be held responsible under international law for its breach and their participation in traditional and non-traditional dispute resolution processes.
International and European Law Requirements for Assessing Available Protection as a Criterion for Refugee and Subsidiary Status
Series:
International Refugee Law Series
Asylum law in the European Union is ripe with caveats that allow authorities to reject asylum applications due to ‘protection’ received in the home country or another location. But what does ‘protection’ mean in this context? And when is it strong enough to make denying an application lawful? Departing from the notion that refugee status is a “surrogate” for lacking protection at home, Julian M. Lehmann investigates the interplay of international law and European Union law on protection against harm by non-state actors, the Internal Protection Alternative concept, and asylum in third countries en route to the European Union. Lehmann demonstrates how conflating these concepts risks equating international protection with mere safety, which stands in contrast to the very purpose of refugee law.
International and European Law Requirements for Assessing Available Protection as a Criterion for Refugee and Subsidiary Status
Series:
International Refugee Law Series
Asylum law in the European Union is ripe with caveats that allow authorities to reject asylum applications due to ‘protection’ received in the home country or another location. But what does ‘protection’ mean in this context? And when is it strong enough to make denying an application lawful? Departing from the notion that refugee status is a “surrogate” for lacking protection at home, Julian M. Lehmann investigates the interplay of international law and European Union law on protection against harm by non-state actors, the Internal Protection Alternative concept, and asylum in third countries en route to the European Union. Lehmann demonstrates how conflating these concepts risks equating international protection with mere safety, which stands in contrast to the very purpose of refugee law.
Kanzler des russischen Reiches unter Zar Alexander II.
Blick ins Buch
A. M. Gorcakov gehört zu dem kleinen Kreis herausragender Politiker und Diplomaten in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, deren Wirken über die Grenzen des eigenen Landes hinaus von kontinentaler und sogar globaler Bedeutung war.
Konfrontiert mit der fatalen Niederlage im Krimkrieg stellte sich der russischen Regierung die Frage: Wie kann das Zarenreich seinen Großmachtstatus zurückgewinnen? Gorcakovs programmatische Antwort lautete: Stärkung des Regimes im Innern durch Reformen und eine Außenpolitik, die mit Augenmaß den Interessen Russlands Geltung verschafft. Die Umsetzung ist bedeutsam und folgenreich gewesen. Die Hürden und Hindernisse fielen zwar gravierender aus als erwartet, aber am Ende der Amtszeit Gorcakovs hatten sich Macht und Prestige Russlands in Europa und Asien doch signifikant gesteigert. Der Verkauf Alaskas an die USA galt überdies als Unterpfand für andauernde gutnachbarliche Beziehungen. Die innenpolitische Entwicklung erwies sich als problematischer. Die realisierten „Großen Reformen“ beförderten die erstrebte Modernisierung und äußere Machtentfaltung Russlands, forcierten aber ebenfalls die Spannungen im Innern, indem sie den Riss zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft vertieften. Gorcakov stand in dieser Auseinandersetzung auf Seiten der Autokratie. Horst Günther Linke legt die erste umfassende, aus den Quellen gearbeitete Biographie des Staatsmannes vor, für die er auch auf bislang nicht erschlossenes Material aus russischen Archiven zurückgreifen konnte – ein unentbehrliches Werk für alle, die sich vertieft für Russlands Geschichte auf dem Weg zur Weltmacht interessieren.
A. M. Gorcakov gehört zu dem kleinen Kreis herausragender Politiker und Diplomaten in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, deren Wirken über die Grenzen des eigenen Landes hinaus von kontinentaler und sogar globaler Bedeutung war.
Konfrontiert mit der fatalen Niederlage im Krimkrieg stellte sich der russischen Regierung die Frage: Wie kann das Zarenreich seinen Großmachtstatus zurückgewinnen? Gorcakovs programmatische Antwort lautete: Stärkung des Regimes im Innern durch Reformen und eine Außenpolitik, die mit Augenmaß den Interessen Russlands Geltung verschafft. Die Umsetzung ist bedeutsam und folgenreich gewesen. Die Hürden und Hindernisse fielen zwar gravierender aus als erwartet, aber am Ende der Amtszeit Gorcakovs hatten sich Macht und Prestige Russlands in Europa und Asien doch signifikant gesteigert. Der Verkauf Alaskas an die USA galt überdies als Unterpfand für andauernde gutnachbarliche Beziehungen. Die innenpolitische Entwicklung erwies sich als problematischer. Die realisierten „Großen Reformen“ beförderten die erstrebte Modernisierung und äußere Machtentfaltung Russlands, forcierten aber ebenfalls die Spannungen im Innern, indem sie den Riss zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft vertieften. Gorcakov stand in dieser Auseinandersetzung auf Seiten der Autokratie. Horst Günther Linke legt die erste umfassende, aus den Quellen gearbeitete Biographie des Staatsmannes vor, für die er auch auf bislang nicht erschlossenes Material aus russischen Archiven zurückgreifen konnte – ein unentbehrliches Werk für alle, die sich vertieft für Russlands Geschichte auf dem Weg zur Weltmacht interessieren.
Kanzler des russischen Reiches unter Zar Alexander II.
Blick ins Buch
A. M. Gorcakov gehört zu dem kleinen Kreis herausragender Politiker und Diplomaten in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, deren Wirken über die Grenzen des eigenen Landes hinaus von kontinentaler und sogar globaler Bedeutung war.
Konfrontiert mit der fatalen Niederlage im Krimkrieg stellte sich der russischen Regierung die Frage: Wie kann das Zarenreich seinen Großmachtstatus zurückgewinnen? Gorcakovs programmatische Antwort lautete: Stärkung des Regimes im Innern durch Reformen und eine Außenpolitik, die mit Augenmaß den Interessen Russlands Geltung verschafft. Die Umsetzung ist bedeutsam und folgenreich gewesen. Die Hürden und Hindernisse fielen zwar gravierender aus als erwartet, aber am Ende der Amtszeit Gorcakovs hatten sich Macht und Prestige Russlands in Europa und Asien doch signifikant gesteigert. Der Verkauf Alaskas an die USA galt überdies als Unterpfand für andauernde gutnachbarliche Beziehungen. Die innenpolitische Entwicklung erwies sich als problematischer. Die realisierten „Großen Reformen“ beförderten die erstrebte Modernisierung und äußere Machtentfaltung Russlands, forcierten aber ebenfalls die Spannungen im Innern, indem sie den Riss zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft vertieften. Gorcakov stand in dieser Auseinandersetzung auf Seiten der Autokratie. Horst Günther Linke legt die erste umfassende, aus den Quellen gearbeitete Biographie des Staatsmannes vor, für die er auch auf bislang nicht erschlossenes Material aus russischen Archiven zurückgreifen konnte – ein unentbehrliches Werk für alle, die sich vertieft für Russlands Geschichte auf dem Weg zur Weltmacht interessieren.
A. M. Gorcakov gehört zu dem kleinen Kreis herausragender Politiker und Diplomaten in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, deren Wirken über die Grenzen des eigenen Landes hinaus von kontinentaler und sogar globaler Bedeutung war.
Konfrontiert mit der fatalen Niederlage im Krimkrieg stellte sich der russischen Regierung die Frage: Wie kann das Zarenreich seinen Großmachtstatus zurückgewinnen? Gorcakovs programmatische Antwort lautete: Stärkung des Regimes im Innern durch Reformen und eine Außenpolitik, die mit Augenmaß den Interessen Russlands Geltung verschafft. Die Umsetzung ist bedeutsam und folgenreich gewesen. Die Hürden und Hindernisse fielen zwar gravierender aus als erwartet, aber am Ende der Amtszeit Gorcakovs hatten sich Macht und Prestige Russlands in Europa und Asien doch signifikant gesteigert. Der Verkauf Alaskas an die USA galt überdies als Unterpfand für andauernde gutnachbarliche Beziehungen. Die innenpolitische Entwicklung erwies sich als problematischer. Die realisierten „Großen Reformen“ beförderten die erstrebte Modernisierung und äußere Machtentfaltung Russlands, forcierten aber ebenfalls die Spannungen im Innern, indem sie den Riss zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft vertieften. Gorcakov stand in dieser Auseinandersetzung auf Seiten der Autokratie. Horst Günther Linke legt die erste umfassende, aus den Quellen gearbeitete Biographie des Staatsmannes vor, für die er auch auf bislang nicht erschlossenes Material aus russischen Archiven zurückgreifen konnte – ein unentbehrliches Werk für alle, die sich vertieft für Russlands Geschichte auf dem Weg zur Weltmacht interessieren.
Systems in Place and Systems in the Making. Second Revised Edition
Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity: Systems in Place and Systems in the Making provides a rich tapestry of practice in the complex and evolving field of reparations, which cuts across law, politics, psychology and victimology, among other disciplines.
Ferstman and Goetz bring their long experiences with international organizations and civil society groups to bear. This second edition, which comes a decade after the first, contains updated information and many new chapters and reflections from key experts. It considers the challenges for victims to pursue reparations, looking from multiple angles at the Holocaust restitution movement and more recent cases in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. It also highlights the evolving practice of international courts and tribunals.
First published in a hardbound edition, this second, fully revised and updated edition, is now available in paperback.
Ferstman and Goetz bring their long experiences with international organizations and civil society groups to bear. This second edition, which comes a decade after the first, contains updated information and many new chapters and reflections from key experts. It considers the challenges for victims to pursue reparations, looking from multiple angles at the Holocaust restitution movement and more recent cases in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. It also highlights the evolving practice of international courts and tribunals.
First published in a hardbound edition, this second, fully revised and updated edition, is now available in paperback.
Systems in Place and Systems in the Making. Second Revised Edition
Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity: Systems in Place and Systems in the Making provides a rich tapestry of practice in the complex and evolving field of reparations, which cuts across law, politics, psychology and victimology, among other disciplines.
Ferstman and Goetz bring their long experiences with international organizations and civil society groups to bear. This second edition, which comes a decade after the first, contains updated information and many new chapters and reflections from key experts. It considers the challenges for victims to pursue reparations, looking from multiple angles at the Holocaust restitution movement and more recent cases in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. It also highlights the evolving practice of international courts and tribunals.
First published in a hardbound edition, this second, fully revised and updated edition, is now available in paperback.
Ferstman and Goetz bring their long experiences with international organizations and civil society groups to bear. This second edition, which comes a decade after the first, contains updated information and many new chapters and reflections from key experts. It considers the challenges for victims to pursue reparations, looking from multiple angles at the Holocaust restitution movement and more recent cases in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. It also highlights the evolving practice of international courts and tribunals.
First published in a hardbound edition, this second, fully revised and updated edition, is now available in paperback.