The present volume follows a system of Latinization of the official 2009 Bulgarian system, that does not use diacritics, except for the letter ъ which is transliterated as ă.

The Russian and Ukranian transliterations follow the Library of Congress romanization tables.

The book uses the ISO 843:1997 Type 1 system for transliteration of Greek characters into Latin characters.

For Ottoman-Turkish we use a transliteration system, based on the system used in the International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES). The circumflex diacritics is only used when transliterating passages of Ottoman text, such as titles of published works or quotes. Technical terms are used in their English form if such exist and could be found in popular dictionaries such as Meriam Webster. All technical terms coming from (Ottoman)-Turkish/Bulgarian/Greek etc. are italicized and transliterated without diacritical marks.

Personal names in Cyrillic/Greek script are transliterated using the above-mentioned styles. In title translations personal names that come from Latin-script languages are not transliterated but used in their original form, e.g. Чайковски is not transliterated but rather used in its original Polish form Czajkowski. However, when it appears as an author of a referenced work, the name is given in transliterated form in the footnotes. In the bibliography the same name is given both transliterated and as it appears in the work itself in Cyrillic/Greek script. Internationally established versions of personal names in Cyrillic/Greek script are also retained (e.g. Roumen Daskalov instead of Rumen Daskalov).

Names of cities and towns are used in their historic nineteenth-century versions with an indication of present name upon first mentioning. Some exceptions are made for cities with multiple historical names, such as Istanbul/Constantinople or Salonica (Thessaloniki) and for cities outside the region under study which are used in their contemporary form. We have retained the English spelling of well-known geographical names (such as Sofia instead of the Ottoman ‘Sofya’ or the transliterated version ‘Sofiya’).

Standalone dates and years are always according to the Gregorian calendar. Dates and years of non-Gregorian calendars are accompanied by a corresponding Gregorian date/year.

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Transforming Southeast Europe During the Long 19th Century

Persons and Personalities as Agents of Modernization in the Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Space

Series:  Balkan Studies Library, Volume: 35

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