Index
Ābele, Alfrēds
583
Ābele, Kārlis
372, 575
Ābers, Benno
336
Abula, Biruta
413, 563, 593
Academy of Sciences
554
Acta Baltica
152
activism
276, 342, 420, 471
local
214
refugee
95, 107, 177
adaptation
xiv, 364, 365, 527
assimilation
xvii, xix, 87, 153, 172, 265, 342, 351, 353
expected
270
on trial
393
pārtautošanās (nationality change)
344, 350
Agrarian Party
157
Aigars, Pēteris
166, 343
Aizsilnieks, Arnold
520
Akmentiņš, Osvalds
272
Amalrik, Andrei
495
American Latvian Assn. for Humanistic Sciences
303, 350
American Latvian Association (ALA)
213, 216, 222, 246, 275, 280, 327, 403, 405, 419, 420, 463, 474, 481, 482, 488, 515, 553, 631, 667, 669, 680
American Latvian Youth Association (ALJA)
217, 312, 369
Andersons, Edgars
517, 534, 591
Andrups, Jānis
162, 166, 431
Annus, Augusts
521
anti-clericalism
33, 328
Arājs Kommando
26, 148, 235
Arājs, Viktors
148-149
Armitstead, George
161
Aspāzija (Elza Rozenberga)
171
Assembly of Captive European Nations (ACEN)
428
Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies (AABS)
430, 542
Association of Latvian Doctors and Dentists
568
Association of Latvian Engineers
303
Association of Latvian Fraternities
280
Association of Latvian University Teachers and Scientists
302
Association of Latvian Writers
304
Austrian-Latvian Society
147
Babre, Janīna
330, 520
Balcers, V.
338
Balodis, Kārlis
234
Balt Cygnet
161
Baltaks, Jānis
350
Baltic Appeal to the United Nations (BATUN)
428, 549
Baltic Council
428
Baltic German resettlement
151
Baltic Institute, University of Stockholm
431
Baltic Studies Association of Australia
431
Baltic University
111, 301
Baltic World Conference
428
Baltische Historische Komission (BHK)
152, 431
Bangerskis, Rudolfs
45, 56, 97, 150
Baptists
204, 234, 324
Barricade Days
559
Baumanis, Artūrs
329
Bergs, Kārlis
238
Bērziņa, Lūcija
416, 422, 477, 486
Bērziņa-Baltiņa, Valerija
410
Bērziņš, Alfrēds
463
Bērziņš, Ludis
241
Bibliography of Latvian Publications Published Outside Latvia
510
Bičolis, Jānis
120, 243, 246, 520
Biezais, Haralds
25, 85, 327
Bīlmanis, Alfreds
28, 178, 267, 336
Birkerts, Gunārs
582, 642
Birkerts, Sven
401
Blaumanis, Rudolfs
160
Blese, Ernests
346
Blumbergs, Pēteris
667
Bolsheviks
26, 31, 34, 146
Brazilian Latvian National Assn.
235
Brubaker, Rogers
662
Budulis, Hermanis
201
Bukšs, Miķelis
153
Bulmanis, Nikolajs
409, 525, 533
Canadian National Association of Young Latvians (LNJAK)
369
Catholic Church
109, 168, 171, 180, 182, 233, 323
Catholic Relief Services
140, 209
Cečinš, Jānis
668
Celle, Māra
577, 593, 633
Celle, Ojārs
581
Celmiņš, Vija
525
Center for Migration and Diaspora Research
673
Central Latvian Council
405
chaos theory
676
choral groups
109, 112, 164, 215
Cielēns, Fēlikss
84, 86
Cold War
146, 342
collegium of Latvian diplomats
178-180
Commentationes Balticae
152
Committee for Cultural Relations with Compatriots Abroad
.
Riga Committee
Communist Party, Latvian SSR
4, 9, 11, 14, 150, 315, 440, 447, 556
Communist Party, Soviet Union
9, 33, 65, 129, 440
counter-propaganda
453
Courland, Duke Jacob of
234
Courland Kettle
18, 27
credit associations
227
Cukurs, Herberts
235
Culture Days in Australia
232, 523
Dangavs, Tālivaldis
238
Dardedze
464
Daugavas Vanagi
97, 106, 157, 168, 183-184, 273, 368, 406, 420, 553, 566
chapters
147, 160, 163, 167, 215, 226, 233
founding
76
Latvian Welfare Fund
163, 165
womens auxiliary
275
Day of Remembrance of the Deported (June 13)
145, 330
De Karvalho Albrehta, Renāte
668
deportations
12, 14, 35, 145, 441
diaspora
589, 614, 648
concept
xiv, 670
Diaspora Law
656, 657, 667
dievturi movement
328
displaced persons (DPs)
xv, 71, 77, 208
self referential term
79
Displaced Persons Act of 1948 (US)
140, 209
DP camps
xviii
auxiliary labor-and-guard units
93
black-market
104
civil society
107, 115
dissolution
140
economics
101
emigration from
90
Esslingen
109, 112, 120
forced repatriation visits
77
IRO closing
132
publications
114
regulations
88
schools
109-111
specialized groups
113
sports teams
113
theatre troupes
113, 122
three types
74
Dreimanis, Pēteris
266
Dripe, Andrejs
443-444
Dunsdorfa, Lilija
511, 521
Dunsdorfs, Edgars
84, 336, 350, 352-356, 370, 388, 397, 407, 416-417, 420, 469, 527, 535, 544, 554, 561, 591
Dzediņš, Teodors
87
Dziļleja, Kārlis
117, 142
Dzintars, Paulis
505-506
East Germany
.
German Democratic Republic
Eastland (Baltic) Company
161
Eglītis, Alberts
595
Eglītis, Andrejs
87, 357, 435, 532, 536
Eglītis, Anšlavs
72, 304, 307, 309, 425, 462, 526
Ekmanis, Rolfs
482, 541
Elferts, Pēteris Kārlis
627
emigration, pre-WWI waves
211
encyclopedias
522
Latviešu konversācijas vārdnīca
159, 264
Latvju enciklopēdija
83, 159, 220, 261, 355, 514, 517, 538
Latvju enciklopēdija supplement
278, 356
Endzelīns, Jānis
304, 520
Ērmanis, Pēteris
150, 412
Esperanto
143
eugenics movement
272
European Association of Young Latvians (ELJA)
369, 403
European Center for Latvian Renewal
275
European Latvian Association
668, 681
European Union
599
European Voluntary Workers (EVWs)
162
Ezergailis, Inta
494
fatalism
40
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)
145
Feldmanis, Jūlijs
178, 216, 246
folkloric material
118
forest brothers
30, 441
fraternities
217, 227, 300, 566
interfraternity council
301, 425
Lettonia
300
unified membership
301
Freimanis, Jānis
639
Frišvalds, Jānis
470
Gailīte, Angelika
227
Geikins, Ārijs
443
generational dissonance
358
German Democratic Republic (GDR)
146
Ģērmanis, Uldis
85, 461
Glück, Ernst
329
Gotland, island of
46, 48
Graube, Pēteris
479
Grava, Uldis
403, 405, 548
Great Departure TV series
602
Great Dispersion
xviii, 140, 145, 148, 154
Grebzde, Irma
227, 306
Grigulis, Arvīds
196
Grīnbergs, Teodors
109, 149, 323
Grīns, Aleksandrs
234
Grīns, Ervins
416, 526
Grīns, Jānis
84, 286
Grīslis, Egīls
327
Grots, Andris
576
Gudrā, Marisa
631
Gulbis, Fricis
97
Gūtmane, Margita
415, 524
Hauzenberga-Šturma, Edīte
520
Hazans, Mihaels
672
Hells Kitchen Group
304, 487
holidays Latvians observe
502
Holocaust in Latvia
16, 68
humpala
568
Ieleja, Kārlis
243
intelligentsia
xiv, 116-119, 121-123, 144, 156, 527
Interfront
552
intermarriage (exogamy)
86, 156, 169, 173, 236, 272, 351, 353, 370
International Refugee Organization (IRO)
88, 132, 135, 137, 200
Irbe, Gunārs
259, 381, 382
Iron Curtain
88, 129
Īvans, Dainis
553
Ivaska, Astrīde
435, 636
Janelsiņa, Veronika
72, 307
Janovskis, Gunārs
106, 167, 250, 306, 369, 525, 543
Jansone, Astrīda
624
Jaunsudrabiņš, Jānis
72, 123, 149, 241, 306, 519
Jaunzeme, Ausma
391
Jeckeln, Gov. Gen. Friedrich
42
Jēgers, Benjamiņš
322, 500, 510, 554, 591
Jerumanis, Aivars
580
Jews
13, 15, 17, 26
antisemitic propaganda about
26, 203
concentration camps
20
Riga ghetto
20
stereotyping
203
Johansons, Andrejs
84, 520
Jurevičs, Pauls
69, 138, 142, 174, 192, 193, 197, 265, 271, 346, 352, 390, 421, 520
Kalmīte, Jānis
291
Kalniete, Sandra
14
Kalniņš, Jānis
228
Kalniņš, Nikolajs
221, 306, 349, 593-594
Kalniņš, Ojārs
581, 671
Kalniņs, Viktors
550
Kangere, Baiba
409, 608
Kariņš, Krišjānis
644
Kārkliņš, Valdemārs
382
Karps, Ansis
349
kartoteka (database of DPs)
91, 136, 183, 570
Kažociņs, Indulis
412, 423, 478
Keggi, Kristaps
553, 582
Ķeksis, Arnis
513
Ķēniņš, Tālivaldis
228
Ķēniņš-King, Gundars
582
Kersten, Charles
440
Ķiķauka, Tālivaldis
393, 454
Kirchenšteins, Augusts
9
Klāns, Pāvils
461
Klīdzējs, Jānis
116, 153, 221, 306, 364, 386
Klīve, Visvaldis
327, 345, 398, 427
Krāslavietis, Valdis
140
Kreicbergs, Toms
609
Krusa, Felīks
128
Kukura, Ilona
352
Kundziņš, Kārlis
97
Kundziņš, Pauls
520
Kurelis, Jānis
29-30
Kursīte, Janīna
291
Kviesis, Alberts
9
labor camps (hostels)
163-164
Labsvīrs, Jānis
612
Lācis, Jūlijs
234
Lāčplēsis (national epic) Jauna Gaita parody
313
Lāčplēsis Day (November 11)
330
Lappuķe, Rolands
530, 537, 627
Latgale
152-153, 285
Latvian Academic Society
157
Latvian American Shipping Line
594
Latvian Assistance Committee
157
Latvian Association of Australia and New Zealand
231, 275, 404, 488, 667
Latvian Association of University Faculty & Scientists
535
Latvian Central Committee
28, 46, 91, 97, 110, 129, 153, 154
Latvian Central Council
147, 149, 157, 268
Latvian Congress in Russia (KLK)
668
Latvian Legion
56, 89, 150, 163
15th Division
17, 18, 28, 54, 55, 368
19th Division
17, 18, 27, 29, 55
conscription
26
creation
17
ex-POWs
94
forced repatriation
51, 81, 90
POWs
75-76
veterans
325
Latvian National Association in Canada
227, 275, 404, 405, 488, 667
Latvian National Committee
96
Latvian National Council
97, 157, 163, 164, 216, 280, 405
Latvian National Foundation
157, 159, 280, 435, 536
Latvian National Youth Association in Canada
227
Latvian Popular Front (LPF)
551
Latvian Press Association
114, 280, 304, 317, 492
Latvian Society of Engineers
280, 508
Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR)
2, 9, 14, 129, 144, 285, 305, 311, 439
Latvian Welfare Fund
.
Daugavas Vanagi
Latvian Writers Association
492
Latvianness
xvi, 66, 83, 88, 108, 119, 125, 131, 142, 154, 173, 279, 300, 312, 329, 344, 352, 356, 414, 480, 489, 494, 525, 562, 632
generational transmission
392
Latvieša stāja svešumā (Bearing of a Latvian in Exile)
98, 129, 268, 342
Latvijas Ceļš
579
Lazda, Paulis
643
Lazda, Zinaīda
520
Lazdiņa, Terēze
595
League of Nations
144
Leimane, Ilona
168
Lejiņš, Atis
556, 578
Lejiņš, Pēteris
216, 277, 403
Lelis, Jāzeps
490
Lesiņš, Knuts
99, 309
Lešinskis, Imants
458, 543, 547
Levits, Egīls
555, 579, 675
Līce, Anda
606
Lielnors, Harijs
210
Liepiņš, Guntis
253
Liepkalns, Artūrs
391
Locis, Vladislavs
153
Lūsis, Arnolds
326, 493
Lutheran Church in Exile
108, 149, 180-182, 273, 323
calendar
329
clergy
167, 210, 327, 652
confirmation
326, 366
congregations
155, 214, 233, 324
facsimile of first Bible
329
hierarchy
109
hymnal
329
Manfelde, Andra
609
Manion, Clarence
440
Mantnieks, Pēteris
168
Mauriņa, Zenta
84, 174, 306, 519
Mazutis, Juris
261, 415, 533
Meierovics, Gunārs
553, 579, 580
Metuzāle-Kangere, Baiba
409, 608
Mežaks, Jānis
382
mežubrāļi (forest brothers)
30, 441
Mieriņš, Laimonis
565
Miezis, Imants
652
Moravian Brethren
328
Muižniece-Liepiņa, Sarma
671
Muižnieks, Nīls
581, 638, 643
Muktupāvela, Laima
609
Münster gymnasium (high school)
154, 297, 397, 426
Murāns, Kārlis
117
National Council in Great Britain
405
national identity
66, 67, 91, 118, 126, 127, 143, 151, 212, 265, 266, 413, 418
Nesaule, Agate
634
newspapers
158, 316, 321
Austrālijas Latvietis
232, 260, 316, 418, 491, 596
Brīvā Latvija
596, 625
Jaunākās Ziņas
7
Laiks
99, 219, 317, 321, 340, 363, 408, 418, 462, 566, 596, 625, 671
Latvian Press Association
114
Latviešu Vēstnesis
114
Latvietis
625, 631
Latvija
316, 385
Latvija Amerikā
227, 317, 321, 392, 418, 496, 550
Latvijas Balss
54, 58
Latvju Vārds
316, 321
Latvju Ziņas
158, 284, 316, 321
Londonas Avīze
165, 166, 258, 263, 316, 338, 343, 418
post-1945 Soviet Latvian Cīņa, Sovietskaya Latvya, and Padomju Jaunātne
192, 437
Tēvzeme
114
Niedra, Aīda
306, 519
NKVD (Soviet police & secret police)
10, 13
Nollendorfs, Valters
357, 376, 465, 492, 588, 641
non-recognition policy
1, 89, 259, 333
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
146, 209, 599
occupation
first Soviet (1940-41)
1, 6-15
German evacuation plans
41
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
6, 8, 151, 551
Nazi Germany (1941-44)
2, 15-20
Occupation Museum
643
Ostland
16, 19, 41, 151
Pauls, Raimonds
567, 572
Pavasars, Bruno
169
Pāvils Klāns
462
Pavlovskis, Oļģerts
436, 580
Pavlovskis, Valdis
492, 580
PBLA
.
World Federation of Free Latvians
peaceful coexistence
342
Pelēcis, Valentīns
314
Pelše, Arvīds
197, 445, 449
PEN club of Latvia
157
Peniķis, Jānis
466
periodicals
158, 318
Akadēmiskā Dzīve
302, 319, 372, 596
Archīvs
319, 350, 352, 388, 396, 398, 405, 407, 418, 420, 469, 477, 478, 495, 527, 547, 561, 597
Books Abroad, World Literature Today
429
Ceļa Biedrs
329
Ceļa Zīmes
158, 166, 285, 346, 418
Ceļš
114
Čikāgas Ziņas
551
Jaunā Gaita
217, 312, 319, 418, 462, 481, 517, 547, 562, 596, 614, 625, 630, 639
Journal of Baltic Studies
430
Laiks
105, 114, 128, 142, 193, 268
Latvija
237, 418
Latvija Šodien
541, 547
Latvju Mēnešraksts
20
Latvju Vārds
87
Latvju Ziņas
201
Mēs
347, 349, 412
Tilts
309, 435
Treji Vārti
418, 479, 492, 495, 512
Trimdas Skola
296, 319, 412
Universitas
302, 319, 418
Perkonkrusts (radical right wing)
23
philanthropies
ALA Cultural Foundation
425
Fatherland Fund
425
Freedom Fund (PBLA)
425
Latvian Freedom Fund (PBLA)
425
Latvian Fund
425
Latvian National Foundation
425
Pinto, Elīna
668
Plan for the Renewal of Latvia
529
Plaude, Artūrs
412
Plensners, Aleksandrs
521
poetry
305
popular culture
111, 145
Poruks, Jānis
160
POW camps
71, 75, 146
Cedelghem, Belgium
75, 127
POWs (prisoners of war)
75
economic problems
105
exclusion of
129, 167
PPP (Programma Pret Pārtautošanos)
353
Priedkalns, Jānis
581
Proclamation Day (November 18)
330
Prods, Arvīds
419
Program Against National Identity Change
529
publishers
157-158
Daugava
84, 157, 310, 542, 596
Gauja
521
Grāmatu Draugs
219, 310, 497, 521
Trīs Zvaignes
157, 220
Zelta Ābele
157, 310
Purvītis, Vilhelms
291
quota systems
199, 200, 209
Rabacs, Kārlis
520
Raidonis, Alberts
550
Rainis (Jānis Pliekšāns)
171
Rancāns, Jāzeps
182
Raudseps, Pauls
643
Red Cross
97, 106, 108, 149, 182
repatriation
40, 146
forced
79, 90, 179
willing
129
Republic of Latvia (pre-WWII)
2, 109, 142, 144, 145, 328
resettlement destinations
137
Argentina
237-238
Australia
230
Austria
146, 147
Belgium
161, 166
Brazil
234-236
Canada
222
Chile
235
Denmark
169, 190
Finland
160
France
166
Italy
171
Netherlands
166, 168
New Zealand
230
Norway
160
Scotland
166
South America
234-238
Spain
172
Sweden, from German DP camps
154-155, 190
Switzerland
171
United Kingdom
161, 190
Venezuela
237
West German cities
148
Rīdznieks, Richards
.
Grīns, Ervins
Riga Committee
453, 454, 458, 459, 541, 546
Rīsbergs, Jānis
395
Ritenis, Jānis
419, 535, 580
Rosenberg, Alfred
151
Rozentāls, Jānis
160
Rozītis, Juris
528, 531
Rubesa, Baiba
414
Rubesa, Baņuta
563
Ručs, Kazimirs
326, 347
Rudzītis, Helmārs
218, 497, 591
Rūķe, Velta
242, 285, 295
Runģe, Sniedze
413
Runģe, Valija
265, 413, 539
Runģis, Aivars
348, 402, 436, 455, 485, 486, 512
Salnais, Voldemārs
28, 46
Sarma, Jānis
520
Saulīte, Kristīne
667
Schutzmatschaften (police formations)
26
Scout movement
111, 367
Boy Scouts
108, 143
Girl Scouts
143, 359
screening process
205
Senkēviča, Biruta
227
Sheffer, Gabriel
661, 663, 676
Šilde, Ādolfs
45, 79, 287
Silkalna, Selga
513
Silkalns, Eduards
390-391
Singing Revolution
552
Skalbe, Kārlis
44, 519
Skalbe, Lizete
44
Šķipsna, Ilze
307, 387-388, 520, 527
Skrastiņs, Hugo
435
Skreija, Andris
495
Skrodelis, Alfreds
327
Skujenieks, Marģers
658
Skujiņa, Ruta
13, 192, 221, 306, 343, 585
Skujiņš, Zigmunds
196
Slaucītājs, Sergejs and Leonīds
238
Šmits, Tālivaldis
379
Šmugajs, Eduards
410
Sniķere, Velta
165
Social Democrats
130, 157, 438
Sodums, Dzintars
306
song and dance festivals
112, 148, 163, 173, 228, 328, 424, 482, 523, 526, 554
sororities
217, 300, 359, 566
in Canada
227
Inter-sorority Council
301
South American and Caribbean Latvian Association (DAKLA)
668
sovietization
32, 71
Spekke, Arnolds
179, 336
Starcs, Pēteris
99, 268, 400
Štauvers, Mārtiņš
471
Stradiņš, Jānis
558
Streips, Kārlis
643
Strēlerte, Veronika
382, 491, 512
Study Group of Economists
157
Stutthof concentration camp
29, 76
Sudetenland
71, 73
supplementary schools
156, 214, 227, 292, 294, 297, 298, 352, 359, 381, 390, 508, 654, 665
Švābe, Arveds
65, 83, 97, 124, 159, 261, 331, 336
Švābe, Lidija
159
svauksts
282
Svenne, Ādolfs
404
Sventeckis, Konstantīns
590
svešums (foreignness)
65, 117
Sweden
departure for
46-49
dispersion of Latvians
85
forced repatriation of Legion
51, 81
Foreigners Committee & Refugee Relief Administration
50
Latvian intellectuals
85
refugee camps
80
refugees’ reception
50
resident alien status
72
Uppsala Latvian Society
157
Swedish-Latvian Assistance Committee
51
Swedish Social Democratic Party
51
table songs (galda dziesmas)
491
tauta (people)
21, 68, 70, 91, 177, 265, 337, 346, 556, 560, 570, 572
concept
77, 132, 410
philosophy
136
religious
109
Teikmanis, Andris
657
Third Reich refugee policy
52
Tillers, Imants
491, 524
Tobago
234, 430
Toma, Velta
227, 462, 466
Tone, Valdemārs
166
Toronto Latvian Society
227
trans-Atlantic crossings
207
transit camps
72, 73, 205
trauma
carrier group
64
collective
58, 61
construction
58
trimda (exile)
xiv, xv, 414, 560, 573, 575, 587, 610, 670
Truman, Harry S.
209, 251
Ulmanis, Guntis
570, 580
Ulmanis, Kārlis
8, 10, 65, 130, 211, 312, 544
coup (1934)
82
deported
9
Ulmanis regime
6, 22, 153
neutrality policy
70
Ulmanists
279
Union of Academic Associations
302
United Nations Relief & Rehabilitation Agency (UNRRA)
xviii, 61, 73, 98, 115
United States censuses
210, 212
Upatniece, Eleanora
375
Upelnieks, Kristaps
29
Upeslācis, Viktors
240, 273, 512
Upīts, Andrejs
196, 449
Ūršteins, Osvalds
520
Valdmanis, Alfrēds
97
valstspiederīgais (belonging to the state)
664
Valtere, Nora
428
Vāvere (Neboisa), Aina
373
Veidemanis, Juris
344, 348, 356
Veigners, Ilgvars
570, 573
Veselis, Jānis
519
Vētra, Mariss
228
Vīķe-Freiberga, Vaira
88, 489, 509, 513, 580, 638
Vīksna, Ingrīda
227
Vīksniņš, Juris
582
Vīksniņš, Nikolajs
336
Vilnis, Tālis
483
Vītols, Jāzeps
112, 519
Vītols Scholarship Foundation
643
Vītols, Vilis
576, 643
Voice of America
443
Voitkus, Arturs
229, 327
Voitkus-Lūkina, Maruta
575
Volksdeutsche
7
Vulfsons, Mavriks
551
Warsaw Pact
146
West Germany
.
Federal Republic of Germany
Westward Ho
162
World Council of Churches
181
World Federation of Free Latvians (PBLA)
212, 276, 278, 340, 405-406, 436, 541, 553, 555, 566, 667
World Lutheran Federation
140, 149, 181
Year of Terror (baigais gads)
6-15, 32
Žagariņš, Juris
630
Zalāne, Paulīne
492
Zandbergs, Mārtiņš
524
Zariņš, Aleksandrs
413, 530
Zariņš, Guntis
461
Zariņš, Kārlis
28, 89, 135, 138, 165, 175, 178, 179, 194, 198, 234, 263, 269, 442
Zariņš, Viesturs
665
Zēgners, Ģirts
540
Zeidaks, Andris
470
Zeltiņš, Teodors
221, 412
Zeps, Valdis
482
Ziedare, Anna
401
Ziedonis, Arvīds
327
Zīverts, Martiņš
84, 122, 124, 284, 306, 385, 425
Zobens, Lilija
651
Zuika, Roberts
164