Index
ʿAbbās I, Shah
125, 208, 214, 333–35, 343–46, 350–51, 358
ʿAbbas II, Shah
143–44, 167–68, 211, 214, 235, 238, 320, 341, 343, 350–54, 360
ʿAbbās Mīrzā Qājār
182
ʿAbbāsid revolution revolution, Hashemite
ʿAbd Allah b. Jaʿfar
53
ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd
37
ʿAbd Allāh b. Muʿāwiya
42–43
ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar
37
ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr
37
ʿAbd al-Bāqī, Mīr Niẓām al-Dīn
344
ʿAbd al-Ghaffār, Amir
338
Abdāls
122, 302, 348
ʿAbdi Beg
306–07, 318–19
ʿAbdoh-Borujerdi, Shaykh Mohammad-Taqi
269
Abu Hāshim b. Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya
37, 45
Abū Isḥāq Kāzirūnī
337
Abu Muslim
38, 58, 98, 154, 311
Abu’l-Qāsem Khan, Hājj Mirzā
126
Abu Sahl Ismaʿil b. ʿAli al-Nawbakkhti
63–69, 71–78, 86–90, 94, 99, 203–04
Abu Salama
43
Abuʾl-Saraya
49–50, 53
Abu’l-Soʿud, Mohammad b. Mohy al-Din ʿEmādi
325–26
Ādamiyyat, F. and Nāṭiq, H.
167
ʿadl (divine justice)
18
ʿAdl, Mostafa, Mansur al-Saltana
264, 269
ʿadliyya (Ministry of Justice)
258, 261, 268–69
Afshār-Yazdi. Dr. Mahmud
272
Aḥmad b. Ebrāhim Nawbakhti
204
Ahmadinejad, Mahmud
282, 284–86, 291
ahkām-e avvaliyya/thānaviyya (primary/secondary rules)
390, 421
ahkām-e hokumati (governmental ordinances)
197, 277, 416–17
Aḥmad Ardabīlī, Mullā
227–28, 230, 378
Ahwāz
55–56, 69, 78, 82, 83n35
Akhbārī ʿAlāʾ al-Dawla Zu’l-Qadr
313–14
Āl-e Ahmad, Sayyed Jalāl
443–46
ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Khalvati, Mawlānā
338
ʿAli b. Abi Tālib
3, 88, 126
ʿAlī’s Covenant (ʿahd)
147, 149, 169, 173
shiʿa (party) of
1, 97
ʿAli b. Babuya
70, 100, 102
ʿAli b. Hasaka
61
ʿAlī Kurdī, Mawlānā
338
ʿAli b. Mahzyar
53, 55, 79, 82
ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-ʿĀmilī
238–39
ʿAli b. Muhammad al-Hādi, the Tenth Imam
4, 53–57
ʿAli b. Moḥammad b. Forāt
203, 204
ʿAli b. Musā al-Ridā, the Eighth Imam
50–52
ʿAli Pasha
317
ʿAli Shir Navāʾi
312
ʿAli b. Yaqtin
44, 49, 55
Alvand Mirzā Āq Qoyunlu
313
ʿĀmeri, Javād
269
ʿAmid-Zanjāni, ʿAbbas-ʿAli
286
Amini, ʿAli
273
Amir-Moezzi, M. A.
93, 461
Amīr Qavām al-Dīn Nurbakhsh
342
Amir Zakariyā Tabrizi Kojoji
313, 318
Anatolia
12, 122–23, 301–24, 331–32, 353
Anṣārī, Shaykh Murtaḍā
178, 367, 373, 377, 379
Āqā Abuʾl-Fatḥ Iṣfāhānī
350
Āqā Ḥusayn Khwānsārī
235, 351
Āqā Jamāl Khwānsārī
235–36, 245, 248, 252
Āqā Muḥammad Khān Qājār
170, 252, 254–55
Āqāsi, Hājji Mirzā
126–27, 184–85
ʿĀqeli, B.
169
Āq Qoyunlu
208, 301–04, 310–14, 318–24, 339
Arāki, Ayatollah Mohammad ʿAli
431
Ardabil
210, 230–31, 302–04, 309, 312
Assembly of Constitutional Experts
15
Assembly of Leadership Experts
277, 282, 284–85, 418–19, 430
Aubin, Jean
207–08, 301, 317–19
Āzari-Qomi, Auatollah
434
Bābā Shāhqoli (Şahkulu)
314–18
Badr al-Din (Beddreddin) of Samawna
12, 123, 302
Bahā’ al-Dawla, Buyid ruler
108
Bahāʾ al-Dīn ʿĀmilī, Shaykh-e Bahāʾi
234–35
Bahman Yašt
24
Bani Sadr, Abo’l-Hasan
281n36, 368n30, 415, 420, 428
Banu Hāshim
3, 37
Baqā’i Kermāni, Mozaffar
192
Bar Association (Kānun-e Vokalā-ye Dādgostari)
285–86, 290–91
Bārfurūshī, Muḥammad Nadīm
170
Bashiriyyeh, Hosayn
447
Bāyezid II, Ottoman Sultan
312, 314–16, 324
Bāzargān, Mehdi
194, 275, 285, 376, 409, 414, 448
Beheshti, Ayatollah Mohammad
192, 194–96, 274, 276, 295, 444–45, 453, 464
Berger, Peter
121
Bihbihāni, Āqā Muhammad Bāqir
254
Bihbihāni, ʿAli b. Muhammad Bāqir
255
Bonyād-e Mostazʿafin (Foundation for the Disinherited)
194
Burūjirdī, Ḥājj Āqā Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabāʾī
369, 375–77
Buyids
101–02, 107–08
Caesaropapism, Safavid
8, 12–13, 254n25, 255
Chālderān
209, 307, 324–25
Chardin, Jean
211, 352, 354
charismatic leadership, of the Holy Imams
4, 42–61, 74–75
of Imam Khomeini
14, 187–99
of Shah Esmāʿil
301–23
chiliasm
5, 13, 17, 20–26, 41–46, 57–61, 66, 72, 84, 96–98, 101, 109, 135, 189
Christianity, comparisons with
3, 23, 31–33, 391, 406–07
with Lutheranism
239–40
Civil Code of Iran
270–73, 292
clerical estate
11–12, 207–46
Constitution, ideological
273–74
of the Islamic Republic of Iran
274–85, 287
of Pakistan
274
constitutionalism
187–88, 360–68
anti-constitutionalism
362–65
Ottoman
259–60
Shiʿite
259–63, 292
Corbin, Henri
96
counter-constitutionalism, Shiʿite
13, 292–94
dādgāhha-ye enqelāb-e eslāmi (Courts of Islamic Revolution)
275
Daniel
25, 28, 31
Book of
24, 26, 28
daǧǧāl (Antichrist/Anti-Mahdi)
33
Damāvandī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn
175–76
Danishpazhouh, M. T.
154
Dāvar, ʿAli Akbar
268–73, 285
Dāvari, Rezā
446
Davvāni, Jalāl al-Din
168
Dead Sea Scrolls
27–28
deliverance (faraj)
80–81, 82n32, 123
Dereš ha-Torah
30
Devotees (fedāʾiyān) of Islam
189
Dhahabīyya
340–41
Divānkhāna
180, 258
domination authirty
Du Mans, Rafael
237–38, 334–35
Ebn Ruh Nawbakhti, Hosayn, the third emissary
64, 69–72, 203–6
Edris Bedlisi
317, 324, 324
Emāmi-Kāshāni, Ayatollah Mohammad
278, 429–30
Enoch
30
Book of
24–25
Erzinjān
304, 309–10, 313
Esmāʿil I, Shah
5–8, 12, 124, 138, 207–09, 215, 223–4, 301–26, 332, 337–44, 356–57
as Lord of Uprising (sahib-e khoruj)
310–11
Esmāʿil II, Shah
12, 333, 347, 357–58
Ezra
30–31
Essenes
24–25, 30–31
Fadl b. Shādhān
52n45, 55, 59–60
Fakhr al-Dīn Samākī
235
Fanon, Franz
410
Fardid, Ahmad
446
Faris b. Hatim b. Mahuya al-Qazwini
59, 72
Fatemi-Qomi, Sayyed Mohammad
264–65, 269
Fath ʿAli Shah
126, 170–71, 178–82, 254
Fatima bt. Muhammad
3, 126
Fayḍ Kāshānī, Mullā Muḥsin
148–19, 232, 234–35, 238–39
Fazl Allāh Ruzbehān Khonji
322–24
Forāt family
62, 70, 203, 205
Forughi, Mohammad-ʿAli Khan Zokāʾ al-Molk
263, 265, 269, 273
frašo-kereti (renewal of the world)
24
Ganji, Akbar
446
General Vicegerency (niyāba ʿāmma)
8–9, 13, 34, 37, 40, 43, 137–43, 152, 171–79, 188, 227, 379–84
Ghāzān Khan
11
ghayba[t] Occultation
Ghīyāth al-Dīn Manṣūr
235
Ghojdovān
319–20
ghuluw (religious extremism)
3, 61, 330–37, 359–60
Grand Sophi Esmāʿil I
Guardian Council (shurā-ye negahbān)
196, 277–85, 418–22, 426–32
compared to other constitutional courts
281, 283
conflict with the majles
282, 418–26, 433–40
al-Hādi, Caliph
51
Ḥāfiz Ḥusayn Karbalāʾī
341, 346–47
Hāʾirī, A.-H.
166–67
Hakamizadeh, ʿAli-Akbar
189
Ḥallāj, Ḥosayn b. Manṣur
204
Halm, H.
91
Harun al-Rashid
47, 49
Hasan b. ʿAli al-ʿAskari, the Eleventh Imam
4, 60–62, 69, 74–75, 86–88, 107
Ḥasan al-Baṣri
37
Hasan al-Harsh
49
Hasan b. Musa al-Nawbakhti
65
Ḥasan ibn Zayn al-Dīn
228
Hāshemī, Fāʾeża
436
Hāshemi-Rafsanjāni, Akbar
193, 280, 282, 284–85, 415
Hāshemi-Shāhrudi, Sayyed Mahmud
278, 285–92
Haydar Safavi
302–05, 309, 313
Haydaris
346–47
ḥayra perplexity
Hazin Lāhiji
245
Head of Judiciary Power
287–88
Heideggerian post-modernists/Islamists
446
Heyʾathā-ye Moʾtalefa-ye Eslāmi, (Coalition of Islamic Societies)
191
Hidden [Twelfth] Imam
74–121
decrees/rescripts of
76–77, 79
emissaries of
10, 203–06
and the Hidden God
18, 107
Occultation
Hierocracy, emergence of
61–70, 83
consolidation under the Safavids
150, 153, 222–46
independence under the Qājārs
170–79, 187, 246, 254–55
in comparative perspective
397–402, 406
hierocratic authority
61–73, 85, 137–145, 150, 153, 179–82, 231, 262, 268, 275
General Vicegerency, Mandate of the Jurist and marjaʿiyyat
Ḥilla
12, 122, 135–37, 152, 157, 330
al-Ḥillī,ʿHasan b. Yūsuf, b. al-Muṭāhhar, the Allāma
135, 139, 229–30, 330
al-Ḥillī, Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin
137
al-Ḥillī, the Muhaqqiq
134–35, 379
Hilli, Mir Niʾmatallah
152, 226
al-Ḥillī, Sadīd al-Dīn Yūsuf, b. al-Muṭāhhar
135
Hishām b. al-Hakam
53
historicization
1, 6, 17, 33, 128
Hezb Allāh (party of God)
412
Hezb-e Zahmatkeshān-e Irān
192
Hobsbawm, E.
392
Hodgson, Marshall G. S.
1, 9, 18, 46, 467
hokumat-e eslāmi Islamic government
ḥokūmat-e qānūn
433, 451
Holbach, Baron d’
391
holy seat (al-nāḥiya al-muqaddasa) [of the late Imams)
55–56, 62, 69–73, 75n6, 77–84, 92, 106, 203–05
Hosayn b. ʿAbd Allāh Shervāni
323
Hosayn b. Ruh al-Nawbakhti Ebn Ruh
Hosyan Kiyā Chalāvi
313
Hosaynia Ershād
195
hudā (divine guidance)
1, 4–5, 77, 86, 143–44, 156
and Imamate
63–66
and Occultation
77, 86, 94–100, 104–12, 116–19
and Prophecy
111, 143–56, 168
Hujjat al-islām (Proof of Islam)
156
Hülegü
11, 135
Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī
232
Husyan b. ʿAli
3, 5, 79, 84, 120–28, 190, 310, 316
martyrdom of theodicy of suffering
Ḥusayn-ʿAlī Mīrzā Farmānfarmā
171
Husayn b. Musa
101
Husayn Vāʿiz Kāshifi, Mullā
123
Ibn al-ʿAlqamī
135
Ibn al-ʿAmri, Abu Jaʿfar Muhammad b. ʿUthman, the second emissary
62–64, 69, 75–76, 79–80, 83–85, 88, 91–92, 203–04
Ibn Bābuya (Bābawayh) al-Qummi, Shaykh al-Saduq10
73, 93, 102–08, 118–19
Ibn Hazm
31
Ibn Qiba al-Rāzi, Muhammad b. ʿAbd al-Rahman
61, 65–67, 73, 78, 86–87, 92–95, 99
Ibn Tabātabā, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim
49
Ibn Taymiyya
136
Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbduh
81
Ibrāhim b. Musā
49–50
Ibrāhīm al-Qaṭīfī
226–27
Idris
30
Il-Khanids
11, 134
ijtihād
176–85, 215, 229–33
Imam Khomeini Khomeini, Ruhollāh
Imamate
1, 42–121
and theodicy
108–17
as Proof of God (ḥujjat Allāh)
66, 75, 79, 88–89, 94–95, 105, 107, 113, 140, 264
as continuous (mostamerr)
12, 187–99, 417
Iravāni, Shaykh Mohammad-Rezā
269
ʿirfān (gnosis)
17, 233, 235–43, 251, 345, 351, 354, 360, 447
irshād (spiritual guidance)
345
ʿĪsā b. Mūsā
84
Iṣfahānī Ayatollah Sayyid Abuʾl-Ḥasan
368
Isḥāq b. Yaʿqūb
78
Iskandar Munshī
358
Islamic government (ḥokumat-e eslāmi)
177, 193–96, 376, 381, 385, 389, 403, 413, 424, 445
Islamic ideology
195–96, 274, 375, 378, 384, 442–44, 448
Islamicization
14, 197–98, 285–93, 390, 414, 432–33
Of Anatolia
122, 302
Islamicity (islāmiyyat)
369
ʿiṣma (infallibility)
52
Ismāʿīlīyya
58, 64, 66, 107, 339–40
Jabal ʿAmil
7, 12, 136, 217–19, 232, 234, 331, 347
Jaʿfar al-Sādiq, the Sixth Imam
4, 42–54, 58–61, 97, 99
Jaʿfar b. ʿAli, “the liar”
4, 59–60, 72, 79–81, 83, 91, 94
Jaʿfar b. Moḥammad b. Motayyel
204
Jaʿfar Kamareh’i, Shaykh
236
Jaʿfar Safavi, Shaykh
302–03
Jaʿfariyan, Rasul
14, 18, 152, 154, 327
Jaʿfariyya
80–81
Jāmeʿa-ye Ruhāniyun-e Mobārez, (Society of Militant Clergy)
191, 383
Jannati, Ahmad
278, 282
Janissaries
314
Jihādiyya
178–79, 183
Jonayd, Safavid Shaykh
12, 302–04, 309, 313, 315
Judaism, ancient
23–25
judiciary organization
179–82
Islamicization
273–93, 432
secularization
263–73
Jurisprudence (feqh), Shiʿite
15, 176–79, 263–66, 29–93, 414, 416–17, 420
traditionalist
10–11, 149–50
rationalist
11, 111, 181–82, 254, 393–94
and legal modernization
257–93
Jurisprudence Research Center (Markaz-e Tahqiqāt-e Feqhi)
290
Jurists’ law
14, 16, 141, 198, 292–93, 414, 423–25
Kaʿb al-Aḥbār
27, 30, 34
Kadivar, Mohsen
15, 290, 436–37, 445, 453
Karaki, Shaykh ʿAli al-
7–8, 12, 138–44, 150–54, 223–30, 234–35, 246, 325, 337, 357, 377
Karaki, Shaykh ʿAbd al-ʿAlī
227
Karaki, Mīr Sayyid Ḥusayn
227
Karbalā
121–28, 310, 341, 387–88, 403–03
Karaites
29
Karim Khan Zand
248
Mehdī Karrūbī, Ḥojjat al-Eslām
434
Kāshāni, Mohammad-ʿAli
269
Kashfi, Sayyid Jaʿfar
166, 172–73, 254
Kāshif al-Gitā’, Sayyid Jaʿfar
178
Kāshmarī Tūrshīzī, Mīrzā Yūsuf Shams al-Afāḍil
365
Kasravi, Ahmad
407
Kasrawān uprising
136
Kaysāniyya
34, 45, 48
Kemāl Pāshāzāda
324–26
khalifas (representatives), networks in Anatolia
302–04, 31, 314–17
khalīfat al-khulafāʾ
214, 318, 333–34
Khāliṣī, Shaykh Muḥammad
371–74
Khalkhālī, ʿImad al-ʿUlamāʾ
364–65
Khalvatīyya
339
Khamanei, Ayatollah Sayyed ʿAli
196, 276, 421–22, 425, 430–34
Khāraqānī, Sayyid Asadallāh
369–71
Kharāj
138, 144–45, 226–27
Khātami, Sayyed Mohammad
284–85, 432–40, 445–46
Khaṭṭābiyya
84
Khatun-abadi, Mir Muhammad Baqir
248–51
Khawārij (secceeders)
3
Khazʿali, Ayatollah Abo’l-Qāsem
278, 383
Khomeini, Ruhollāh
9, 15, 128, 273–93, 402–06, 414–25
khoruj (uprising)
123
Khu’i, Ayatollah Abu’l-Qāsem
388, 436
khums collection
56, 59, 63, 76–77
exemption during the Occultation
79, 85
Kingsley, Charles
391
Kufa
3, 5, 34, 37, 40, 43, 55–57, 121, 374
Kulayni, Muhammad b. Yaʿqub b. Ishāq
10, 63, 81, 92, 99
Kuthayyar
34
Lābuddiyya
95
Lāhijān
304, 309, 319
Sufis of
317–19, 333–34
Lāhījī, ʿAbd al-Razzāq
143–44
Lala Beg Shāmlu
310
Lāleh, Amīr Sayyid Aḥmad
340–41
Lāleh, Hājj Mīr Muḥammad
341
Lāleh, Amīr Shihāb al-Dīn
341
Lambton, A. K. S.
166
Lārijāni, Sādeq Ardeshir
278
Law of Judiciary Organization, 1911
268
Law of Punishment and Talion (qānun-e hodud va qesās)
287, 290
Law of General and Revolutionary Courts
288
Leadership (rahbari)
277
legitimacy
6, 8, 15, 133–35, 146, 169, 193, 197, 223, 254, 378, 389, 422, 440
lack/crisis of
143–45, 150, 411, 437, 450
legitimism, ʿAlid
3, 13, 96
Lewy, G.
392
Lord of the Age (Ṣāḥeb-al-Zamān)
204
lutf (divine grace)
5, 18, 110–11
Lotfi, Shaykh ʿAbd al-ʿAli
269
Maccabean revolt
24–25
Madani, S. J.
390
Madelung, Wilferd
51, 91, 134
Mahdavi-Kani, Mohammad-Rezā
278
Mahdi
33–34, 36–39, 57–58
al-Mahdi, Caliph
44, 51
Mahdi b. Firuz (kudak-e dānā)
58
Mahdi’s Deputy (nāʾib)
307, 309
Mahdism
4, 12, 33, 36–39, 120, 123, 133
Majles-e Shurā-ye Eslāmi
197, 278–92, 415, 417, 419–29, 434, 438–40, 445, 452
Majles-e Shurā-ye Melli
188, 261–63, 266–75
Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir
149, 169, 232–34, 236, 238–54, 352, 354, 358–59
Majlisī, Muḥammad Taqi
235, 238, 341, 353
majmaʿ-e tashkhis-e maslahat-e nezām-e eslāmi, (Council for the determination of the Interest of the Islamic Order) Maslahat Council
Malāmatīyya
347–49
Mandate of the Jurist (velāyat-e faqih)
9, 155, 176–79, 192–99, 377–90, 414–20
Absolute (motlaqa)
196–97, 276
Manichaeism
28–29, 55
Māmaqāni, Asadollāh
270, 366–68, 374, 458
al-Ma’mun, ʿAbd Allāh, Caliph
50–52
manṣūr
39
Martha (Halima Begum)
303
mawāli (non-Arab clients)
55
al-Mansur, Caliph Abu Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allah ibn Muhammad
43, 45, 51
Mansur, Hasan-ʿAli
191
Marāghī, Sayyid Mīr ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Ḥusaynī
177–78
marjaʿ iyyat[-e taqlid]
277, 384–87, 418, 426, 429–32, 366–68, 375
Marino Sanudo
305–6
martyrdom theodicy of suffering
Mashhad
170, 366, 401
Maslahat Council
197–98, 276–77, 280–85, 289, 422–34
Matin-Daftari, Ahmad
266, 269, 273
Māzandarāni, Ayatollah ʿAbdallāh
266, 288
Māzandarāni, Ḥājj Shaykh Muhammad mujtahid
366
mazālem (court of grievances)
108, 184, 258
Mazdak
58
Meshkini, Ayatollah ʿAli
389, 434
Messianism
5, 23–41
“realized”
33
Michele Membré
307
millennialism chiliasm
Ministry of Islamic Guidance
Minorsky, Vladimir
247, 250, 256
Mīr Dāmād
234, 237
Mīr Makhdūm Shīrazī
358
Mīrmīrān Yazdī
344
mirrors for princes political philosophy
Mirzā ʿAbd al-Hasan Mullā-bāshi
253
Modarres, Sayyed Hasan
262–63, 265, 272
Modarressi, Hossein
60, 65, 78, 86
modernity and tradition
445–51
Mohammad ʿAli Shah
260
Mohammad Beg Shāmlu
310
Mohammad Karrahi
313
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi
273, 398–402
Mohammad Shaybāni Khan
322
Mohammadi-Gilāni, Mohammad
278
Mojahedin-e Khalq
198, 409–11
Mojtahed-Shabestari, Mohammad
15, 445–51, 453
Mollābāshi
13, 247–56
Mo’men, Ayatollah Mohammad
278, 389
Momen, Moojan
301
Morād Beg Bāyandor
313
monarchy (saltanat)
8–9, 138, 142–9, 151, 155, 179, 183, 259, 303, 321, 366
clerical
13, 15, 273–94
Montazeri, Hosyan-ʿAli
15, 194–98, 276, 416, 422, 424, 434–37, 444, 452–53, 471
Moshir al-Dawla, Hasan Pirniā
263–66, 273
Mosleh al-Din Mohammad Lāri
325
Mosaddeq [al-Saltana], Mohammad
263–64, 266–67, 272–73, 396
Mostashar al-Dawla, Yusof Khan
259
Motahhari, Mortaza
444
Moʾtamen al-Molk Pirniā
266
al-Mufid, Shaykh Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Nuʿmān
11, 52, 108–12
Mufawwida
60, 98, 115
Muhammad’s prophecy
26, 28–29, 32–33, 104
Muḥammad Shah Qājār
180–81, 254
Muhammad b. ʿAbd Allāh, al-Nafs al-Zakiyya
44–47
Muḥammad b. Abī Zaynab, Abūʾl-Khaṭṭāb
79
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Dawud
102
Muhammad b. ʿAli al-Jawad, the Ninth Imam
56
Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Mahzyār al-Ahwāzī
79, 82–84
Muhammad al-Amin, Caliph
44, 49
Muḥammad Amīn Astarābādī, Mullā
232
Muhammad b. Bābā
61
Muhammad al-Bāqir, Fourth Imam
4, 42, 46, 51, 97
Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyya
34, 37, 45, 154
Muhammad Husayn Māzandarāni
255
Muhammad Husayn Tabrizi
248, 250
Muhammad b. Ibrahim al-Nuʿmani
100
Muhammad b. Ismāʿil
58
Muhammad b. Ismaʿil ibn Baziʿ
44
Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar al-Asadī
81
Muhammad b. Jaʿfar al-Dibaj
50
Muḥammad Khabūshānī, Shaykh
340
Muḥammad b. Makkī al-ʿĀmilī, al-Shahīd al-Awwal
136–38
Muhammad Qadri Pasha
257
Muḥammad Ṣādiq Ardistānī
245
Muhammad al-Samari, the fourth emissary
72
Muḥammad b. Shādhān b. Naʿīm
79, 81
Muḥammad Ṭāhir Qumī
354
Muḥammad Taqī Mīrzā Ḥusām al-Salṭana
173
Muharram passion plays taʿzieh
mujtahid
13, 127, 152–53, 166, 176, 178–82, 192, 215, 220, 266–67, 385
committee of five
262, 266
al-Muhtadi, Caliph
57
Muhtasham Kāshāni
124
Muʿizz al-Din Muhammad Isfahāni, Amir
153
Mukhtār al-Thaqafi
37
Mullā Maḥmūd Tabrīzī
256
Mullā-bāshi
247–56
Mullā-bāshi ʿAli Akbar
253
Mullā Muhammad Amin
255
al-Muqtadir, Caliph
62, 69
murshid-e kāmil (the perfect guide)
331, 333–34
al- Murtadā, Sayyid/Sharif
11, 102, 108, 111–12, 117, 133
al-Mutawakkil, Caliph
56–57
Muʿtazila
18, 64–65, 73, 98
al-Muʿtazz, Caliph
57
Musa al-Kāzim, the Seventh Imam
4, 9, 44, 47–51, 54, 74, 91
Musavi-Ardabili, ʿAbdol-Karim
198, 276n29, 288, 422–23, 435, 453
mysticism, inner-worldly ʿirfān
Nadir Shah
183, 247–48, 253, 359, 393
Na ʾini, Mirzā Muhammad Husayn
190, 368
Najaf
7, 48, 157,-58, 191–93, 263, 266, 401, 414
Najafī, Shaykh Muḥammad Ḥasan
178
Najm al-Din Zargar Rashti
318–19
Naqshbandīyya
338–39
Narāqī, Mullā Aḥmad
171–74, 176–77
nasb (divine appointment)
4, 140
Nāsir al-Din Shah
126, 256, 258
naṣṣ(designation)
52, 66
National Front
285, 396
Nawwāb, Mīrzā Mahdī
184–86
Nawbakhti family
10, 44, 61–70, 76, 203–06
Nawusiyya
46
Neo-Mazkadism
57–58, 98
Niʿmatullāh Jazāʾirī of Shūshtar
239
Niʿmatullāhīyya
343–47
Nishapur
52, 55–56, 58, 60, 81
niyāba ʿāmma General Vicegerency
niyāhat-i khāṣṣa (special vicegerency)
172–3
Nuqṭavīyya
335–37
Nūrallāh Shūshtarī, Qāḍī
342
Nūrbakhsh, Sayyid Muḥammad
340
Nūrbakhshīyya
341–43
Nūrī, ʿAbdallāh
290, 437
Nūrī, Mullā ʿAli
246
Nūrī, Shaykh Fazlollāh
188, 190, 261–62, 363–69, 387
Nuṣayrī uprising
137
ʿObayd Allāh Khan
322–23
Occultation (ghayba[t])
1, 4–5, 10, 34–35, 42, 45–48, 70–121
permissibility of congregational prayer
226
two occultations
90
Öljetü
11, 134
ʿorfiyyāt (customary law)
257, 262, 312, 416
orthodoxy and heterodoxies
1–2, 17–18
sect, Sunnism
Ostādi, Rezā
278
ozans
310
Ozun Hasan Āq Quyunlu
142, 302–03, 313
Pahlavis
9, 187–88, 192, 368, 387, 385, 396–401, 405–06
Paraclete
31
parousia (ẓuhūr)
79, 81, 84, 96–97, 101
Pari Khān Khānum
124
Pashutan/Peshyotan
35, 57
perplexity (ḥayra)
63, 73, 76–77, 81, 99–100
Perso-Russian Wars
167, 183
prayer leader (imam jumʿa, pish-namāz)
211, 220–22, 222, 385–86, 389
political ethic
5–6, 17, 102, 134, 166–76, 182–86
political philosophy
170–82, 134, 143–45, 167
political theology
5, 9, 14–17
Mandate of the Jurist
politics, civic (al-siyāsa al-madaniyya)
134
political philosophy
Popper, Karl
453
public law qānun
Qāʾāni
126–27, 239
qāḍī
211, 213–14, 220, 222, 342
Qāḍī Aḥmad Ghaffārī
223
Qāḍī Aḥmad Qumī
358
Qāḍī Jahān
357
qāḍī muʿaskar
214, 358
Qāḍī Nūrullāh Shūshtarī
342
Qāḍī Saʿīd Qumī
227, 250–51, 352
qāʾim (redresser/riser)
4, 34–35, 37, 46, 48, 57–58, 74–75, 91–92, 98, 109
Qāʾim-Maqām Farāhānī, Mīrzā Abūʾl-Qāsim
182–84
al-Qāhir, Caliph
203
Qahtāni
36
Qājārs
8, 13, 120, 166–87, 246, 249, 254–55, 268, 394
Qalandar-e Qumī, Babā Sulṭān
348
Qalandariyya
122, 302, 347–50
Qaragöz Pasha
314
Qarāmān
309
al-Qasim ibn Yaqtin
61
Qazvīnī, Muḥammad Shafīʿ
186
Qezelbāsh (Qizilbash)
7, 125, 154, 302–25, 331–35, 357–58
qānun (public law)
8, 134, 142–43, 145–6, 151, 155, 159–86, 190, 257–94, 321, 326, 433, 438, 451–52
Qānun-e Jazā-ye ʿOrfi (Customary Penal Law)
265
Qānun-e Mojāzāt-e ‛Omumi (Public Penal Law)
266
Qānun-e Osul-e Mohākemat-e Hoquqi (Law of the Principles of Civil Procedure)
265
Qarib-Gorgāni, Shams al-‘Olamā’
265
Qarmatian Ismāʿilis
64, 66
Qumm
4, 10–11, 50, 55–56, 81, 366, 368, 375–76, 383, 389
Qummī, Mīrzā Abūʾl-Qāsim
170–71, 254
Qumran community Essenes
Rabbāni-Amlashi, Ayatollah
389
Rabbāni-Shirāzi, Ayatollah ʿAbd al-Rahim
278
al-Rādi, Caliph
71
al-Radi, Sharif
102
Raḍī al-Dīn b. Ṭāwūs
135
Rahner, Karl
453
rationalization
1, 18, 97, 117–20, 450
rawrzakhwāni
126–27
Rayy
58, 63–66, 87, 102, 342
reformism (Shiʿite)
15, 368, 373. 406–10, 445–53
religious associations
408–09
revolution, Hashemite
38–39, 42–43
Constitutional (1906–11)
9, 190, 261, 270, 361–67, 395–96
ideological
361–90
Islamic (1979)
377–90
in comparative perspective
391–95, 406–07
Mahdist
33, 37–39, 136, 138, 301–29, 404
its failed export to Anatolia
314–17
myth of
402–03
Revolutionary Council
420
Revolutioanry Courts dādgāhha-ye enqelāb-e eslāmi
revolutionary traditionalism traditionalism, revolutionary
Reza Shah Pahlavi
188–89, 396–97
Rezvāni, Gholām-Rezā
278
al-Riḍā (the one agreed-upon) [from the house of Muhammad]
43–44, 49, 52, 57
Rostam Beg Āq Quyunlu
303–04
Rukn al-Dawla, Buyid ruler
107
Rustam al-Ḥukamā’
183–84
Sabzavārī, Mullā Hādī
246
Sabzavārī, Mullā Muḥammad Bāqir
144–50, 168–69, 235, 238–39, 351
Sadat-Afjaʾi, Mohammad-Reza
264
sadr
152–53, 208–13, 250
Sadr (Sadr al-Ashrāf), Mohsen
169
Sadr-Hājj-Sayyed-Javādi, Rezā
285
Sadr al-Din Shirāzi, Mullā Sadrā
235–37, 240–43
Shādhān b. Khalil
55
Saffāḥ
39
Safi al-Din Ardabili
12, 308
Sāfi, Shah, Safavid
212–13, 234, 345, 351, 356
Sāfi-Golpāygāni, Ayatollah Lotfollāh
198, 278–81, 418
sāhib al-amr (Lord of Time)
156
Ṣāliḥī Najafābādī, Niʿmatallāh
388
Sāmarrā’
56, 62, 75
Sāneʿi, Yusof
278, 435, 437, 453
Sanjābi, Karim
285
al-Sayyid al-Himyari
45–46
sayyeds
11–12, 157
clerical estate
Selim I, Sultan
315, 323–26
Semmel B.
392, 406
Shadhan b. al-Khalil
55
Shāh Ḥusayn Iṣfāhānī
340
Shāh ʿInāyatullāh Iṣfāhānī
358
Shāh Khalīlullāh
344–45
Shāh Niʿmatullāh Valī
343–44
Shāh Qāsim Fayḍ-bakhsh
341–42
Shāh Ṭāhir
339–40
shāh-sevanī
333
Shalmaghani, Moḥammad
70–72, 205–06
Shams al-Din Lāhiji
318, 342
Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Āvī
136
Shāpur b. Ardashir
108, 114
sharʿi courts (mahāzer)
258–59, 262, 265, 267, 269, 271
shariʿa[t] (sacred law)
13, 66, 86, 133–36, 141–45, 155–56, 230, 257–66, 274–75, 280–81, 287–93, 343
shariʿa-based constitutionalism (mashruta-ye mashruʿa)
188, 190, 261–62, 272
Shariʿat Sangalajī, Rezaqoli
189, 368, 373, 407
Shariʿati, ʿAli
195, 378, 399, 408–11, 443–48, 453
Sharīʿat-madārī, Ayatollah Mohammad Kāzem
383
Shāygān, A.
272
Shaykh ʿAbd al-Karīm Ḥaʾirī (d. 1937)
368
shaykh al-islām
152, 158, 208, 211–13, 221–22, 227, 232–38, 244, 248, 251, 253, 326, 351
Shehanshāh, Ottoman Prince
316
Shīrangī, Mīr Jamāl al-Dīn
209
Sifāra (office of emissary) [of the Hidden Imam]
72
sipāhi cavalrymen
309, 314–16
Soboul, A.
391
Soltān-ʿAli Safavi
303–04
Sorel, George
402
Sorush, ʿAbdol-Karim
15, 445–49, 453, 474
Special Court for Clergy
277–78, 436–37
state-hieroracy dualism
8, 120, 170–76, 187, 399, 405
Ṣūfī virtuosi
347–50
ṣūfīgarī (Ṣūfī probity)
333
Sufism
251–52, 301–29
revival in the 17th century
350–55
suppression
337–50
ʿirfān
Sultan-Hosyan Bayqarā
312
Sultan Ahmed, Ottoman
309, 315, 317–18, 324
Sultān-Ḥusayn, Shah
169, 212, 236, 244, 247–52, 256, 354
Sultan-Mohammad, Ottoman Prince
316
Sultan Morād Āq Qoyunlu
313, 333, 339
Sultan-Morād, Ottoman Prince
324
Sultan Qorqud
314–16
Sultan Yaʿqub Āq Qoyunlu
303, 313
sultanate monarchy
Suleymān, Shah
235–36, 238, 244, 252
Sűleymān the Lawgiver
151, 324, 326
Sunnism
5, 7, 355–60
Supplemental Fundamental Law of 1907
262, 264, 266, 268, 292
Supreme Jurist (vali-ye faqih)
15, 196, 291, 294, 377, 381–84, 415, 420, 425
Supplement to the Fundamental Law 1907
262
Tabatabaʾi, Javad
447
Tabatabāʾi, Mohammad Hosayn
444
Ṭabāṭabāʾī Qummī, Ḥājj Āqā Ḥusayn
368
tabarrāʾis
310, 387
Tāheri-Khorramābādi, Sayyed Hasan
278
Tahmāsp, Shah
7–8, 124, 151–55, 159, 208
Tahmāp II
253
Taqavi (Sadat-Akhavi), Sayyed Nasrallah
264–65
taqiyya (dissimulation)
205, 253, 386
taqlīd (emulation)
156, 189, 228–33, 365, 376, 450
takiyeh
126
Taleqani, Sayyed Mahmud
444
Taqī Khān Amīr Niẓām, Mirzā
186
Tawwābun (penitents)
3, 121
taʿzieh
126–28
Theocracy
9, 414, 425–32
theodicy of suffering
1, 121–29, 310, 387–88
and Messianism
121
Teymurtāsh, Sardār Muʿazzam
268, 272
Thiqat al-Islām Tabrizi
261
timār
309, 314, 316
Tonekāboni, Mirzā Tāher
265
traditionalism
65, 99–102, 118, 188–89, 261–62, 269, 362–65, 368
Akhbārī
17, 149–50, 223, 232–35, 383
revolutionary
376–77, 386, 398, 407–09, 444–45
jurisprudence, traditionalist
Turkmen Qezelbāsh
al-Ṭūsī, Shaykh al-Tā’ifa, Hasan
11, 93, 108, 112–27
al-Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn Muḥammad
134, 229
ʿulamāʾ, emergence of
52–61
hierocracy
Umayyad Caliphate
3–4
Umm Kulthum bt Ibn al-ʿAmri
64, 72, 75, 204–05
ʿUthman b. Saʿid al-ʿAmri, the first emissary
59–60
Uzbek empire
322–23
value-rationalization
2, 118
velāyat (authority), House of
9, 13, 155, 165, 169
velāyat-e faqih
268
Mandate of the Jurist
waqf
153, 157, 208–09, 250
wāqifiyya
48–49, 74–75, 90–91
wakil (agent[of the Imams)
4, 55, 81
Watt, W. Montgomery
31
Weber, Max
1–3, 7–9, 14, 17, 19, 23–24, 26, 39, 41, 97, 117, 121, 129, 142, 191, 241, 253–54, 257, 272, 297, 391, 394, 414, 475
Wellhausen, Julius
3, 475
Westoxification (gharbzadegi)
443, 446
World-rejection, anti-political
143–45, 228–29
and ʿirfān
240–43
world religions
1–3, 5–6, 13–14, 16–17
their bearers/carriers (Träger)
9–10
Yaghmā Jandaqi
126
Yahya ibn ʿUmar
57
Yaqtin b. Musa
43–44
Yaʿqub Khan
344
Yār Ahmad Khuzāni
318–19
Yazdi, Ayatollah Mohammad
278, 288–89, 426–32, 434–35
Yazid
37–38, 123–24, 126–28, 310, 388, 404
Yunus b. ʿAbd al-Rahman
55
Yunus b. Bahman
55
Zadokite/Sadducee (siddiq)
29–30
Zayd b. Musā
49
Zaydi uprisings
44–49, 51, 57
Zaydiyya
51
Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmili, al-Shahid al-Thāni
140–41
Zayn al-Din Mahmud Vāsefi
322
ẓuhūr (manifestation)
79, 306