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Index

References to illustrations are in bold.

Aguilonius, Franciscus 122
Alberti, Leon Battista
On Painting 36, 89, 92
Books on the Family 95
Aldobrandini, Cardinal 127
Alfonso v, King of Naples 197
Alonso Pinedo, Joseph, Exercisios y meditaciones 408
Alva y Astorga, Pedro 220
anatomy
and art 397–8, 401–402
knowledge about 394
public dissections 401
of trauma 394
Andeans, harsh treatment of 217–18
Andes, saintly suffering, and spread of Christianity 219
animal executions, purpose 65–6
animal trials 54–5
animal witnesses, exclusion of 63
and community cohesion 59, 77–8
costs 63–4
and due process 60
human trials, similarities 61–2
pigs 58, 60, 64
purpose 61
and scapegoating 59–60
and social ordering 56, 61
studies on 57n17
animals
backwards ride on 73–4, 75
cultural significance 58–9
as non-rational creatures 59
Anthony of Padua, St. 194
Antonello da Messina 24
chronology 195
Ecce Homo paintings 170–1, 174–7, 200
collections, location 181
dating 181
emotional realism 173, 178, 202
Franciscanism 202–3
inscriptions 181
motifs 181
patronage issues 194
precursors 186
in Venice 181, 183
Flemish influence on 177
Madonna and Child 200
in Naples 196
Penitent St. Jerome 196, 197
Pope-Hennessey on 190
Portrait of a Man 177, 178
St. Jerome in His Study 196
in Venice 182–3, 199
Antoninus, Archbishop, Opera a ben vivere 88
Apelles 119
Aquinas, Thomas
Summa Theologica 96
on visual imagery 6, 191
art, and anatomy 397–8, 401–402
artists
north-south migrations 126
transalpine 118 northern artist-engravers
Arvide, Francisco de, Fray, portrait 238, 246–7, 258
Augustine, St. 327, 347
avvisi 116–17, 124
backwards ride, on animals 73–4, 75
Baglione, Giovanni 129
Barbero, Francesco 92
Barocci, Federico, studies on 131n55
Baronio, Cesare, Cardinal 139, 153
Annales ecclesiastici, frontispiece 154
Barthes, Roland 72
Bartholomew of Pisa 220
Baylon, Paschal 147
Beatrizet, Nicolas 398
anatomical illustration 399, 400–1
Becerra, Gaspar 386, 398, 400
anatomical illustration 399
Cristo yacente 402
Bellarmino, Roberto, Cardinal 139–40
Belting, Hans 190
Benigno Bossuet, Jacobo 215
Berengario da Carpi, Jacopo 401
Bernard of Clairvaux 191, 327
Bernardino de Laredo, Subida del Monte Sión 392
Bernini, Gianlorenzo, Saint Teresa of Ávila 322
bestiality, punishment for 76–7
bestialization 66–78
Bevilaqua, Nicolò 398
body-mind question, Cartesian 4, 93
Bonaventure, St. 184, 220
De Perfectione Vitae ad Sorores 193
Legenda Maior 221–2
Lignum Vitae 187–8, 188
pseudo-Bonaventure, St., Meditationes 191
Boniface viii, Pope 185
Boose, Linda 71
Bossuet, Jacobo Benigno 215
Botticelli, Sandro 84, 85
Lamentation (c. 1490)
John the Evangelist 106, 107
Mary Magdalen 106, 107
Paul the Apostle 106, 107
Peter the Apostle 106, 107
Saint Jerome 106, 107
Virgin Mary 106, 107
Lamentation (c. 1495)
John the Evangelist 108, 109
Joseph of Arimathea 108, 109
Mary Magdalen 108, 109
Virgin Mary 108, 109
Bourbon Reforms 259–63
curtailment of Franciscan authority 259
Bourke, Joanna
on pain 1, 36
Story of Pain: From Prayer to Painkillers 35
bridal mysticism
Christ
and Carmelite nun 336
reclining images 334, 337
and convents 335–6
Brunelleschi, Filippo, sculpted crucifix, Giotto’s painted crucifix, comparison 87
Bruno of Cologne 191
Burdette, Derek 27
Burdick, Catherine 25
burin 119, 132, 142
Bynum, Caroline Walker 8, 330
Cabrera, Miguel
Divine Pastor 328, 329
Indios Gentiles 257
Campbell, Stephen J. 46
Canisius, Peter 418
Cano, Alonso 387
Capellanus, Andreas 320
Caprioli, Aliprando 127–8
Caravaggio
Conversion of St. Paul 47
Martyrdom of Saint Matthew 41
Caravaggism 37
Carlino, Andrea 397
Carrara, Francesco da 102
Carthusians 191
Casañas de Jesús, Francisco 234
biographical text 236, 255
death 252–3, 254
suffering 236
Catherine of Siena, St. 144, 199, 377
Cavallini, Pietro 198
Cesati, Pedro Joseph, Padre 313, 314
children in
Christ Carrying the Cross 221
Christ on the Way to Calvary 221
Corpus Christi procession, Cusco School of Painting 223
Saint Francis Renouncing his Worldly Goods 221, 222
The Stoning of St. Francis 207, 220, 223–4
Christian Jr., William 365, 375, 393
Christianity, and pain and suffering 7–8
Christiansen, Keith 177
Christus, Petrus 177
Man of Sorrows 178n14
Cistercians 191
Clare of Assisi, St. 335
Claudel, Paul 36
Clement iv, Pope 189
Cohen, Esther
on pain 4–5
The Modulated Scream: Pain in Late Medieval Culture 5n13
Colantonio (Niccolò Antonio)
Delivery of the Franciscan Rule 196, 199
St. Jerome in His Study 196, 198
Collaert, Adriaen
Adoration of the Magi 294
Annunciation 271
Assumption of the Virgin 281
Death of the Virgin 303
prayer of supplication 302
Flight into Egypt 273
Mary and Joseph Discover Christ amongst the Doctors 301
accompanying prayer 300–7
Mystery of the Immaculate Conception 291
Nativity 272
opening prayer 295
Presentation in the Temple 304
accompanying prayer 307–9
Virgin and Child Seated within a Garland of Thorny Roses 283
Virginis Mariae vita series 270, 293
Visitation 285
prayer text 292
Colleges of Propaganda Fide 235, 235n2, 237, 244, 251
Colón Mendoza, Ilenia 385
Colonna, Francesco, Hypnerotomachia Poliphili 325
confession, Foucault on 61
confessional identities, and northern incised line 126–32
convents
and bridal mysticism 335–6
colonial Mexico, pain and suffering in 340–9
devotional objects in 334–5
as heavenly gardens 338
imitatio Christi in 334, 341, 342, 348
New Spain 334
visual culture in 335
conversion, role of imprinting 145–6
copperplate engraving, linear identity 119
Coppo di Marcovaldo, Crucifix 186, 187
Córdova, James 372
corporeal imagination 411–12, 415
and pain 413
spectator’s 414
Correa, Juan, The Conversion of Mary Magdalene 325, 326
eroticism 326
Cort, Cornelis, studies on 131n55
Cortés, Hernán 243
Cortese, Cristofero, “The Flagellation”, woodcut 193
Council of Trent,
and iconographies 211
and imprinting 145
and transubstantiation 121
Cox Miller, Patricia 386, 411
Cristo de los Desagravios (statue) 359–60, 359, 361–4, 373
and atonement ritual 372
and Manuel de los exercicios (Soria) 360, 378, 379
miraculous transformation of 361–3, 374–5, 375–6, 376–7
patronage of 363–4, 365–6
physical features 372, 374
crucifixes
Christ’s pain and suffering, focal points 186–7, 187, 188, 359–60, 365
miraculous 364–5 Cristo de los Desagravios
Crucifixion, iconography
Andean focus 211, 212
devotional displays, colonial Santiago 215
and physical penitence, Peru 215–16
Cruz, Isabel 216
Cunningham, Andrew 397
Cusco School of Painting
Andean reworkings of biblical scenes 214
Corpus Christi procession 223
da Vinci, Leonardo, on visual imagery 7
de Mollinedo y Angulo, Manuel, Bishop 214
Dean, Carolyn 225
death
and love 320
and pain and suffering 11
Decker, John R., and Mitzi Kirkland-Ives, Death, Torture and the Broken Body 4
Del Río Barredo, María José 403
dell’Arca, Niccolò, Lamentation 97, 98, 103
Mazzoni, comparison 99
mourners’ suffering, gender contrasts 99
Descartes, René, body-mind question 4, 93
Dombrowski, Damian 47
Dominicans 191
Duns Scotis, John 200
Dürer, Albrecht 119
Christ Nailed to the Cross 213
early modern world, emotions in 14
“Ecce Homo”, St. John’s Gospel 172, 179
Ecce Homo (Antonello da Messina) 170–1, 174–7, 200
emblem books 331–3
flaming hearts in 345
emotional communities 14–15, 314
emotions
cognitive view 13–14
constructionist view 14
in early modern world 14
gender differences 94–6, 97
Jesus Christ, Ecce Homo paintings 170–1, 173, 174–7, 178, 200, 202
John the Evangelist, Lamentation (dell’Arca) 97, 98
Mary Magdalen, Lamentation (Mazzoni) 96, 97
paradigms of 13–15
physical basis 93–4
studies on 13n42
empathetic suffering
Cristos yacentes 386, 389, 391–2, 393–4
Holy Week 403–11, 419
Protestant response 416–17, 418
and salvation 415, 416, 418
Spiritual Exercises (Loyola) 413
equinoctial astrolabe 125–6
Espinosa, Félix de, Chronica apostolica 234, 249, 252, 255
Eyck, Jan van 177
face, mutilation of 70
Fasani, Ranieri 184
Ferdinand, King of Aragón 217
Fernández, Gregorio, Cristos yacentes 384
anatomists’ contribution 385–6
empathetic suffering 386, 389, 391–2, 393–4
and Holy Thursday processions 386, 389, 411
‘incarnation’ process 383, 387
materiality 389–91
number attributed to 388
sympathetic response 392
wounds, naturalism 385, 388–9, 402–3
Fidelis of Sigmaringen, martyr 146
Finkelstein, Jacob J. 62, 63
Flanigan, Theresa 88
flaying
as artistic choice 49
as metaphor 36
Saint Bartholomew’s martyrdom 48–9 Ribera; Titian
Foucault, Michel, on confession 61
fountain
in main plaza, Lima 208
in The Stoning of St. Francis 207
France, religious conflict 124
Francis of Assisi, St. 183–4
stigmata 248–9
stoning of 207
Franciscan image theory, and devotion 190–3
Franciscanism 24
in Antonello’s Ecce Homo 202–3
dilemma 237, 240
in Messina 194–5
in Naples 196–9
radical 188–9
and self-flagellation 184
in Venice 199
Franciscans
liminality 237, 241, 242, 242–3, 245–6
loss of power to Bourbons 259
missionary work, decline 244
monastic poverty 241, 243–4, 243n13, 244–5
monastic seclusion 242
New Mexico, and Spanish power 261
New Spain 243
and Spanish colonialism 243, 243n12
François de Sales, Bishop 145, 148
funeral rituals, Goodland on 86
Galileo Galilei 129
Galle, Philippe, Seraphici Francisci 224
Gaudio, Michael 144
Gebedenboek Ruusbroecgenootschap hs 452
contents 269–70
floral imagery 271, 272, 274, 282–90, 283, 285, 287
God as image-maker 287
juxtapositions 275, 277
meditative function 278–82
narrative images 293–4, 298–300
penitential framework 272, 283
rhetorical devices 302
Saint Barbara 276
Saint Catherine 268
suffering discourse 272
votaress owner 272, 277, 280
words and images 270–1, 277 Collaert; Wierix
Gerson, Jean 191
Gertrude of Helfta, St. 335
Giotto di Bondone
Lamentation 82–3, 83
Navicella 89
painted crucifix 189
Brunelleschi’s sculpted version, comparison 87
Saint Francis Renouncing his Worldly Goods 221, 222
Giovanni di Cauli, Fra, Meditationes vitae Christi (attrib) 188
Giovanni di Paolo, Christ on the Way to Calvary 221
Girard, René 59
Gonzaga, Aloysius 147
Goodland, Katharine, on funeral rituals 86
gossips, female
fear of 71–2
parading of 73
Goya, Francisco de, La Procesión de Disciplinantes 408, 409, 410
Graham, Heather 23
Graziano, Frank 377
Gregory the Great 190
Gregory ix, Pope, Liber Extra 201
Gregory xv, Pope 235, 237
Greuter, Mattheus 24, 117
collaboration with Thomassin 128
engraving style 129
and conversion to Catholicism 126–7
La peinture spirituelle (Richeôme)
Martyrdom of St. Andrew 150
title page 149
Pantographice, seu ars delineandi (Scheiner), frontispiece 151–2
and Paul Maupin, portraits and names of Jesuit martyrs 136–9, 137–9, 141, 147
petition for copyright privilege 127
religious identity, uncertainty about 155
in Rome 123–4
studies on 117n5
grief
choreographed 103
and decorum 101–2, 104–5
female 105, 109–11
inappropriate 100, 101
male 104
Paul the Apostle on 101
and physicality 111 lamentation
Groebner, Valentin 55–6
Grünewald, Mattias, Isenheim Altarpiece 15–16, 16, 17–18
Guamán Poma de Ayala, Felipe 217
Haeften, Benedicto van, Schola cordis 333
Harvey, William, Movement of the Heart and Blood in Animals 398
Henry iv, King of France 128, 152–3, 154
Herrero-García, Miguel 406–7
Holler, Jacqueline 318
Holy Week
empathetic suffering 403–11, 419
Cristos yacentes 386, 389, 391–2, 393–4, 405, 406, 407, 411
flagellant penitents 407–8, 408–9, 409
imitatio Christi 409
narratives
Easter Sunday 404
Easter Vigil 404
Good Friday 404
Maundy Thursday 404, 404–5
sensing of 420
Horozco y Covarrubias, Juan de, Emblemas morales 345
Houston, Stephen, David Stuart, and Karl Taube 11
Howell Jolly, Penny 321
Howes, David 403
Huemer, Frances 125
Hugh of St. Victor 143–4
Hugo, Herman, Pia desideria 343
influence 332–3
meditation stages 331
Song of Songs, influence 331
humiliation rituals 54, 74
masks 67 bestialization
humors, and psychobiology 94
Humphrey, Nicholas 61
Hunt, Tiffany Lynn 27
Ibarra, José de, Christ in a Garden of Delights 316, 322, 323
contemplative virtues 323–4
instruments of the Passion 323
iconographies, and Council of Trent 211
Ignatius of Loyola 133, 147
Spiritual Exercises 8–9, 376
empathetic suffering 413
on suffering 413–14
images
objections to 191
purpose 190–1
reclining, of Christ 314, 316–18, 323, 325
Thomas Aquinas on 191 Franciscan image theory; iconographies; visual imagery
imitatio Christi 8, 105–6, 323, 349
biblical source 219
in convents 334, 340–3, 348
De imitatione Christi (Thomas à Kempis) 8, 82, 341
in Holy Week 409
and martyrdom 247
origins 341
and pain 328
The Soul Guided by Christ (Martínez) 349, 349
imprinting
concept 143
conversion, role in 145–6
and the Council of Trent 145
and images 145
and the Incarnation 144
and the soul 143–4
and violence 142–6
imprints 144–5
Innocent iii, Pope 194
intaglio printing method 142–3
Jacobus de Voragine, Golden Legend 49
Jacopone da Todi, Laude 188
Jenson, Nicholas, publisher 201
Jesuit martyrs 137–9, 141
Jesuits, expulsion from New Spain 260
Jesus Christ
bridal mysticism 336
contemplation of crucified image 88
as Cupid 346
incarnation
in art 87–8
as divine imprinting 144
pain and suffering 379, 414
Crucifix (Master of Valdarno) 185
crucifixes, focal points 186–7, 187, 188, 365
Ecce Homo (Messina) 170–1, 174–7, 200
Franciscan frescos 186
as radiant victory 189
reclining images 314, 316–18, 323, 325
bridal mysticism 334, 337
Cupid and Psyche references 330
feminized view 327
floral symbolism 337–9
Good Shepherd 328–9, 329–30, 329
pastoral themes 328
Psalm 23 references 329–30
sheep representing nuns 342
Song of Songs, influence 3, 327–8, 334, 337
Sacred Heart of Jesus 345, 392n21
Jesús, Felipe de, San 250, 251
Jews, punishment modes 75–6
John the Evangelist
emotional display 98
Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1490) 106, 107
Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1495) 108, 109
John xxii, Pope 188
Juan of Ávila, Blessed
Avisos y reglas cristianas 418
Cartas espirituales 415–16
Juan de la Cruz 327
Cántico espiritual 412
O llama de amor viva 412–13
Judensau pictorial tradition 74, 75, 75
Julian of Norwich 345–6
Juni, Juan de, Entombment 402
Karant-Nunn, Susan 418
Kempe, Margery 346
Kepler, Johannes, retinal imaging concept 120–1, 121–2
Kessell, John L. 246
Kilroy-Ewbank, Lauren G. 26–7
King, Margaret 101
Koselleck, Reinhart 140
Kostka, Stanislaus 147
Kusukawa, Sachiko 397
lamentation
exemplary 100–5
and redemption 100 grief
lamentation imagery (of Jesus Christ)
examples 84
for female audiences 106, 111
iconography 85–6, 89
origins 86
purpose 86
Lansing, Carol 104
Larkin, Brian 368
Lavrin, Asunción 253
Ley, Ruth 393
liminality
colonial 237, 242, 246, 256
Franciscans 237, 241, 242, 242–3, 245–6
martyr portraits 260–1, 262
meaning 240–1
linear identity, copperplate engraving 119, 126 northern incised line
Lochrie, Karma 71
López, Andrés
The Divine Spouse Wounded by Love 314, 315, 319, 320, 321, 337, 340
amorous text 343
Christ’s wounded heart 343–9
Song of Songs references 343–4, 346–7
The Good Shepherd in the Garden of Love 314
Louis of Toulouse, St. 198
love
and death 320
early modern views of 314
and pain 314, 318
classical tradition 320
and suffering 320–1
lovesickness 320
channelling 321
in European art 321–2
trope, nuns 345–8
Luther, Martin, on pain 417
McKim-Smith, Gridley 389
McLuhan, Marshall 389
McNamer, Sarah 26
macana 235, 254
Virgen de la Macana  239, 258
Maelcote, Odo van, equinoctial astrolabe 125–6
Mahmood, Saba 319
Mâle, Emile 146
Malon de Chaide, Pedro 414–15
Malvasia, Innocente 124
Man of Sorrows imagery 178–9
Mantegna, Andrea 178–9
Marcello, Jacopo Antonio, inappropriate grief 101
María de San José, Sor 338–9, 344, 347–8
marriage, mystical 336–7
Marsyas
fate, Christian subtext 47–8
in Ovid’s, Metamorphoses 40 Ribera; Titian
Martínez, Francisco, The Soul Guided by Christ 348, 349
allegorical figures 348
inscriptions 348
martyr, meaning 248
martyr portraits, Franciscans (Novohispanic) 234, 235, 236, 237, 238–9
effect on novices 248
exemplars for missionaries 249
functions 262
justifications for 251–2
liminality 260–1, 262
role of Pueblo Natives 256–9
textual sources 249–53
violence in 253–4, 262
weapon details 258
martyrdom
Catholic
hagiographies 249–50
imagery 133–4
publications 133–4
conditions for 251
discourse, and northern artist-engravers 133–41
and imitatio Christi 247
non-violent spiritual 118, 146, 147–8
and ocular theory 148–9
Torquemada on 251
voluntariness of 256
martyrs
canonization of 146–7
Franciscan (Novohispanic)
colonial liminality 237, 242
Franciscan liminality 237, 242
pain and suffering 234, 235, 236, 237, 238–9, 258–9
portraits 234, 235, 236, 237, 238–9, 241, 242, 245–6
Jesuit 136, 137–9, 141
Mary Magdalen
Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1490) 106, 107
Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1495) 108, 109
Lamentation (Mazzoni) 97
The Conversion of Mary Magdalene (Correa) 325–6, 326
masks
humiliation rituals 67
and mutilation 70
pig 68–9, 69
punishment function 67
rooster’s head 67, 68 scold’s bridle
Matienzo, Juan de, Government of Peru 224
Mazzoni, Guido 84, 84–5, 89
Lamentation (Ferrara) 90, 91
dell’Arca, comparison 99
John the Evangelist 98
Mary Magdalen’s emotions 96, 97
mourners’ suffering 91–2
Mechthilde of Hackeborn, St. 337
Meditationes Vitae Christi 192–3
Melion, Walter 26, 131
memorization, and visual images 6
Merback, Mitchell B. 9
Messina, Franciscanism 194–5
Mexico (Actopan)
fresco 19–20, 20
local symbolism 21
Mexico City (colonial)
devotional communities 358
earthquake (1731) 361, 374
Michelangelo
drawing of Jesus Christ 189
Sonnet 105, 189
mind’s eye see ocular theory
Montaña de Montserrate, Bernardino, Libro de la anothomia del hombre 398
Monteverdi, Claudio 48
Morris, David B. 1
Naples
Antonello in 196
Franciscanism 196–9
Neff, Amy 220
Neri, Filippo 133, 153
New Mexico
Pueblo Revolution (1680) 235, 237, 245, 260
secularization of missions 260
New Spain
convents 334
expulsion of Jesuits 260
Franciscans 243
northern artist-engravers
and martyrdom discourse 133–41
perceived superiority 128–9
northern incised line
and confessional identities 126–32
symbolic meanings 129, 131
Noyes, Ruth 24
nuns
and convent culture 333–40, 349–50
daily lives 334
literature for 333–4
lovesickness trope 345–8
as models for lay women 334
self-mortification 341–2
as sheep, in reclining images of Christ 342
Oberman, Heiko 184
ocular theory
and eucharistic doctrine 121, 149
and martyrdom 148–9, 149–50 retinal imaging concept
Olson, Todd 41
Ortega, Emmanuel 25–6
Ovalle, Alonso de 215
Ovid
Amores 320
Metamorphoses, Marsyas episode 40
ox, stoning of 62–3
Pacheco, Francisco 387
Arte de la pintura 419
pain
Bourke on 1, 36
Cohen on 4–5
and corporeal imagination 413
and imitatio Christi 328
and love 314, 318
Luther on 417
manifestations of 1
Ribera’s aesthetic treatment of 47
subjective experience of 392–3
suffering, distinction 318, 413
and touch 35–6
and truth 413
visual, evolution 37 pain and suffering; religious pain; suffering
pain and suffering 2
and Christianity 7–8
Christ’s see Jesus Christ
in colonial Mexican convents 340–9
cultural conventions 18–19
as cultural ideal 9
and death 11
Franciscan (Novohispanic) martyrs 234, 235, 236, 237, 238–9
Francisco Casañas de Jesús 236
material markings of 9
Messina’s Ecce Homo 170–1, 174–7, 200
and self-fashioning 5
in Spanish Americas 11–12, 19
studies on 3–5, 35n2
Thomas à Kempis on 8
tolerance of 9
Paleotti, Gabrielle 419
Panofsky, Erwin 190–1
Passe, van de, Crispijn, Stoning of the Elders 225, 226
Passion dramas, texts 188
Passion images 191–2
moderation of 190, 202
Passion Mass, Andean perspective 211–12
Passion narratives, Andean approach 211
Paul the Apostle
on grief 101
in Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1490) 106, 107
penance, suffering as 318
Peru, viceroyalty era 210
Peter the Apostle, in Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1490) 106, 107
Philip iv, King of Spain 403
physicality, and grief 111
pigs
animal trials 58, 60, 64
masks 68–9, 69
Pisano, Giunta 186
Pope-Hennessey, John, on Antonello 190
printing, in Venice 183, 201–2 imprinting; intaglio printing method
Pueblo Natives 237, 246, 247, 254
role in martyr portraits 256–9
stereotypical representation 256–7, 257, 258
Pueblo Revolution, New Mexico (1680) 235, 237, 245, 260
punishment
for bestiality 76–7
by stoning 62
of Jews 75–6
rituals 53–4
Ramos Gavilán, Alonso 227
Raphael, Crucifixion with Virgin, Saints, and Angels (Mond Crucifixion) 17, 18
Realdo Colombo, Matteo, De re anatomica 398
redemption, and lamentation 100
Reisch, Gregor, Margarita philosophica 394–5
illustration 396
religious pain
Actopan (Mexico), fresco 19–20, 20, 21
Crucifixion with Virgin, Saints, and Angels (Raphael) 17
Isenheim Altarpiece (Grünewald) 16
René of Anjou, King of Naples 196
retinal imaging concept, Kepler 120–1, 121–2
Rey, Rosaline, The History of Pain 5
Ribalta, Francisco, Saint Bernard 322
Ribera, Jusepe de
Apollo and Marsyas 22, 44
pain, aesthetic treatment of 47
Titian’s painting, comparison 43, 45–6, 47, 50–1 Titian
Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew 50
Rice, Louise 128
Richeôme, Louis 122
La peinture Spirituelle
Martyrdom of St. Andrew 150
title page 149
rituals
atonement 358, 366–72, 378–9
punishment 53–4 humiliation rituals
Rivadeneyra, Marcelo de
Historia de las islas 250–1
Monarquía Indiana 251
Robert of Anjou, King of Naples 197
Rodríguez y Gutíerrez de Ceballos, Alfonso 409–10
Rome, art patronage 125
rope
in Antonello’s Ecce Homo 170–1, 176–7, 200
Franciscan symbolism of 187–8
in The Soul Guided by Christ 348, 349
Rose of Lima 377
Rosenwein, Barbara 14
roses, and Christ’s wounds 372
Rubelais, Pedro de 398
Sadeler, Raphael 224
Sagundino, Niccolò 101
saints, and their images, purpose 136, 137, 138
Salas, Pedro de, Afectos divinos con emblemas sagrados 331, 333, 344
Ecstasies of the Enamored Soul 331–2, 332
salvation, and empathetic suffering 415, 416, 418
San Francisco monastery (Santiago), Flagellation of Christ mural 216
Sanabria, Diego, Fray Francisco Casañas de Jesus 234, 235, 236, 252–3
Santa Cruz Pumacallao, Basilio
The Stoning of St. Francis 207
Andean audiences 209
Andean interpretation 211–14, 230
children in 207, 220, 223
symbolism 223–4
fountain detail 207
Francis
as alternate Christ 210, 219–20, 221–2, 230
conversion of 207, 218
defenseless gesture 207, 210
sources 224–5
stone, in Andean culture 225, 229
Santelízes, Mariano José 380
Santo Cristo de Singuilucan image 378
Sapir, Itay 22
Sariñana y Cuenca, Isidro, Bishop 258
Funeral Oration 245–6, 249
Sawday, Jonathan 397
The Body Emblazoned 10
Scarry, Elaine 35, 392
The Body in Pain 5
Scheiner, Christoph 122, 129
Pantographice, seu ars delineandi, frontispiece 151–2
Schoenfeldt, Michael 93, 111
Scholten, Fritz, and Joanna Woodall 118
Schongauer, Martin, Christ Carrying the Cross 221
scold’s bridle 70–1, 72
self-fashioning, and pain and suffering 5
Señor de los Desagravios (sculpture) 27
Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés de, A Second Democritus: On the Just Causes of War with the Indians 224
Sirasi, Nancy 397
Sixtus iv, Pope 199–200
social ordering, and animal trials 56
Soria, Francisco de, Manuel de los exercicios 27
address to reader’s soul 367
and atonement rituals 358, 366–72, 378–9
‘composition of place’ approach 376
and Cristo de los Desagravios statue 360, 378, 379
crucifix display 371–2
gendered references 377–8
penitential acts 368–9
public processions 370–1
self-denial prescriptions 368
self-flagellation 369
and union with Christ 370
Soria, Lucas de, De la passion de Nuestra Señor Iesu Cristo 414
Spanish Americas, pain and suffering 11–12, 19–21
Speyer, Johannes de, printer 182, 183
Spinosa, Nicola, L’opera completa 46
Stastsny, Francisco 214
Steen, Jan 322
Steinberg, Leo 325
stone, in Andean culture
religious significance 225, 227–9, 228
in The Stoning of St. Francis 225
at Sacsayhuaman 227
clothed 228
emblematic of Jesus Christ 227–8
stoning
of oxen 62–3
punishment by 62
of St. Francis 207–8, 207
Strozzi, Alessandra 93
Stull, Bradford T. 392
suffering
Casañas de Jesús 236
discourse, in Gebedenboek Ruusbroecgenootschap hs 452 272
and God’s love 415
Jesuit martyrs 137–9, 141
and love 320–1
Loyola on 413–14
pain, distinction 318, 413
as penance 318
saintly, and spread of Christianity in Andes 219
sublimated somatic 146–51
Virgin Mary 88, 404, 405 empathetic suffering; pain; pain and suffering
sumptuary laws 85, 103, 104, 105
Sureda, Joan 385
Suso, Heinrich 191
Taylor, William 365
Teresa of Ávila, St. 327, 346, 369, 412, 416
Terry-Fritsch, Allie 23
The Stoning of St. Francis 25
thesis prints 128–9
Thomas à Kempis
De imitatione Christi 8, 82
influence 341
on pain and suffering 8
Thomas of Celano, Tractatus de Miraculis 222
Thomassin, Philippe 24, 117
Annales ecclesiastici (Baronio), frontispiece 154
collaboration with Greuter 128
Henry iv, portrait 152–3
Madonna della Vallicella 154, 154
Madonna Immaculata 130–1, 131–2, 148
Martyrdom of St. Stephen 147
petition for copyright privilege 127–8
religious identity, uncertainty about 155
in Rome 124
studies on 117n5
Thompson, Augustine 103
Tino di Camaino 198
Titian, Flaying of Marsyas 22, 38, 39, 41
description 40
literary source 40
pictorial style 41–2
Ribera’s painting, comparison 43, 45–6, 47, 50–1
visual chaos 42–3 Ribera
Tlaxcala (nr Mexico City) 366
Tomás de Villanueva, St., Modo breve 393
Torquemada, Juan de, Fray, on martyrdom 251
touch
and pain 35–6
and the senses 38n11
transubstantiation doctrine, and Council of Trent 121
trauma, anatomy of 394
Trent, Council of (1545–63) 11, 118, 412
transubstantiation doctrine 121
truth
corporeal models of 139–40
and eyewitness testimony 140
and pain 413
Turin Shroud 145
Turner, Victor 240, 241, 244
Turpin, Jean 128
ungestalt (formlessness) concept 55–6, 57, 65, 67
examples 76n100, 77
Valverde de Amusco, Juan 386
Anatomia del corpo humano, illustration 399
Historia de la composición del cuerpo humano 398
van Dijkhuizen, Jan Frans, and Karl Enenkel, The Sense of Suffering 3
Vargas, Francisco de 252, 253
Veil of Veronica 145, 150, 153
Venice
Antonello in 182–3, 199
Ecce Homo 181, 183
Franciscan texts, printing 183, 201
Franciscanism 199
printing in 183, 201–2
Vermeylen, Filip 117–18
Verstegen, Richard, Théâtre des cruautez des héréticques de nostre temps 134–5, 135
Vesalius, Andreas 397, 400
De humani corporis fabrica 394
illustration 395
Epistola 394
Villaseñor Black, Charlene 326
violence, and imprinting 142–6
Virgin Mary
association with lily 337
as Divine Pastoress 328
as image 288
Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1490) 106, 107
Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1495) 108, 109
suffering 88, 404, 405
The Crucified Christ with the Virgin Mary, Saints and Angels (Raphael) 17
vision, theories of 120 retinal imaging concept
visual imagery
Aquinas on 6, 191
Leonardo da Vinci on 7
and memorization 6
visual species 120
Voekel, Pamela 380
Vrancx, Sebastian 128
Walker, Charles 375
Webster, Susan Verdi 385, 408, 414
Weller, Peter 24–5
Wierix brothers, Cor Jesu Amanti Sacrum 333
Wierix, Hieronymus
Boy Jesus Carrying the Cross 270, 275, 278
accompanying prayers 297–8
Mary Praying by the Bedside of the Infant Jesus 274
accompanying prayers 296–7
Virgin of Sorrows 295
accompanying prayer 296
Witcombe, Christopher 127
Xavier, Francis 147
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