Index
References to illustrations are in bold.
Aguilonius, Franciscus
122
Alberti, Leon Battista
On Painting
36, 89, 92
Books on the Family
95
Aldobrandini, Cardinal
127
Alfonso v, King of Naples
197
Alonso Pinedo, Joseph, Exercisios y meditaciones
408
Alva y Astorga, Pedro
220
anatomy
and art
397–8, 401–402
knowledge about
394
public dissections
401
of trauma
394
Andeans, harsh treatment of
217–18
Andes, saintly suffering, and spread of Christianity
219
animal executions, purpose
65–6
animal trials
54–5
animal witnesses, exclusion of
63
and community cohesion
59, 77–8
costs
63–4
and due process
60
human trials, similarities
61–2
pigs
58, 60, 64
purpose
61
and scapegoating
59–60
and social ordering
56, 61
studies on
57n17
animals
backwards ride on
73–4, 75
cultural significance
58–9
as non-rational creatures
59
Anthony of Padua, St.
194
Antonello da Messina
24
chronology
195
Ecce Homo paintings
170–1, 174–7, 200
collections, location
181
dating
181
emotional realism
173, 178, 202
Franciscanism
202–3
inscriptions
181
motifs
181
patronage issues
194
precursors
186
in Venice
181, 183
Flemish influence on
177
Madonna and Child
200
in Naples
196
Penitent St. Jerome
196, 197
Pope-Hennessey on
190
Portrait of a Man
177, 178
St. Jerome in His Study
196
in Venice
182–3, 199
Antoninus, Archbishop, Opera a ben vivere
88
Apelles
119
Aquinas, Thomas
Summa Theologica
96
on visual imagery
6, 191
art, and anatomy
397–8, 401–402
artists
north-south migrations
126
transalpine
118
northern artist-engravers
Arvide, Francisco de, Fray, portrait
238, 246–7, 258
Augustine, St.
327, 347
avvisi
116–17, 124
backwards ride, on animals
73–4, 75
Baglione, Giovanni
129
Barbero, Francesco
92
Barocci, Federico, studies on
131n55
Baronio, Cesare, Cardinal
139, 153
Annales ecclesiastici, frontispiece
154
Barthes, Roland
72
Bartholomew of Pisa
220
Baylon, Paschal
147
Beatrizet, Nicolas
398
anatomical illustration
399, 400–1
Becerra, Gaspar
386, 398, 400
anatomical illustration
399
Cristo yacente
402
Bellarmino, Roberto, Cardinal
139–40
Belting, Hans
190
Benigno Bossuet, Jacobo
215
Berengario da Carpi, Jacopo
401
Bernard of Clairvaux
191, 327
Bernardino de Laredo, Subida del Monte Sión
392
Bernini, Gianlorenzo, Saint Teresa of Ávila
322
bestiality, punishment for
76–7
bestialization
66–78
Bevilaqua, Nicolò
398
body-mind question, Cartesian
4, 93
Bonaventure, St.
184, 220
De Perfectione Vitae ad Sorores
193
Legenda Maior
221–2
Lignum Vitae
187–8, 188
pseudo-Bonaventure, St., Meditationes
191
Boniface viii, Pope
185
Boose, Linda
71
Bossuet, Jacobo Benigno
215
Botticelli, Sandro
84, 85
Lamentation (c. 1490)
John the Evangelist
106, 107
Mary Magdalen
106, 107
Paul the Apostle
106, 107
Peter the Apostle
106, 107
Saint Jerome
106, 107
Virgin Mary
106, 107
Lamentation (c. 1495)
John the Evangelist
108, 109
Joseph of Arimathea
108, 109
Mary Magdalen
108, 109
Virgin Mary
108, 109
Bourbon Reforms
259–63
curtailment of Franciscan authority
259
Bourke, Joanna
on pain
1, 36
Story of Pain: From Prayer to Painkillers
35
bridal mysticism
Christ
and Carmelite nun
336
reclining images
334, 337
and convents
335–6
Brunelleschi, Filippo, sculpted crucifix, Giotto’s painted crucifix, comparison
87
Bruno of Cologne
191
Burdette, Derek
27
Burdick, Catherine
25
burin
119, 132, 142
Bynum, Caroline Walker
8, 330
Cabrera, Miguel
Divine Pastor
328, 329
Indios Gentiles
257
Campbell, Stephen J.
46
Canisius, Peter
418
Cano, Alonso
387
Capellanus, Andreas
320
Caprioli, Aliprando
127–8
Caravaggio
Conversion of St. Paul
47
Martyrdom of Saint Matthew
41
Caravaggism
37
Carlino, Andrea
397
Carrara, Francesco da
102
Carthusians
191
Casañas de Jesús, Francisco
234
biographical text
236, 255
death
252–3, 254
suffering
236
Catherine of Siena, St.
144, 199, 377
Cavallini, Pietro
198
Cesati, Pedro Joseph, Padre
313, 314
children in
Christ Carrying the Cross
221
Christ on the Way to Calvary
221
Corpus Christi procession, Cusco School of Painting
223
Saint Francis Renouncing his Worldly Goods
221, 222
The Stoning of St. Francis
207, 220, 223–4
Christian Jr., William
365, 375, 393
Christianity, and pain and suffering
7–8
Christiansen, Keith
177
Christus, Petrus
177
Man of Sorrows
178n14
Cistercians
191
Clare of Assisi, St.
335
Claudel, Paul
36
Clement iv, Pope
189
Cohen, Esther
on pain
4–5
The Modulated Scream: Pain in Late Medieval Culture
5n13
Colantonio (Niccolò Antonio)
Delivery of the Franciscan Rule
196, 199
St. Jerome in His Study
196, 198
Collaert, Adriaen
Adoration of the Magi
294
Annunciation
271
Assumption of the Virgin
281
Death of the Virgin
303
prayer of supplication
302
Flight into Egypt
273
Mary and Joseph Discover Christ amongst the Doctors
301
accompanying prayer
300–7
Mystery of the Immaculate Conception
291
Nativity
272
opening prayer
295
Presentation in the Temple
304
accompanying prayer
307–9
Virgin and Child Seated within a Garland of Thorny Roses
283
Virginis Mariae vita series
270, 293
Visitation
285
prayer text
292
Colleges of Propaganda Fide
235, 235n2, 237, 244, 251
Colón Mendoza, Ilenia
385
Colonna, Francesco, Hypnerotomachia Poliphili
325
confession, Foucault on
61
confessional identities, and northern incised line
126–32
convents
and bridal mysticism
335–6
colonial Mexico, pain and suffering in
340–9
devotional objects in
334–5
as heavenly gardens
338
imitatio Christi in
334, 341, 342, 348
New Spain
334
visual culture in
335
conversion, role of imprinting
145–6
copperplate engraving, linear identity
119
Coppo di Marcovaldo, Crucifix
186, 187
Córdova, James
372
corporeal imagination
411–12, 415
and pain
413
spectator’s
414
Correa, Juan, The Conversion of Mary Magdalene
325, 326
eroticism
326
Cort, Cornelis, studies on
131n55
Cortés, Hernán
243
Cortese, Cristofero, “The Flagellation”, woodcut
193
Council of Trent,
and iconographies
211
and imprinting
145
and transubstantiation
121
Cox Miller, Patricia
386, 411
Cristo de los Desagravios (statue)
359–60, 359, 361–4, 373
and atonement ritual
372
and Manuel de los exercicios (Soria)
360, 378, 379
miraculous transformation of
361–3, 374–5, 375–6, 376–7
patronage of
363–4, 365–6
physical features
372, 374
crucifixes
Christ’s pain and suffering, focal points
186–7, 187, 188, 359–60, 365
miraculous
364–5
Cristo de los Desagravios
Crucifixion, iconography
Andean focus
211, 212
devotional displays, colonial Santiago
215
and physical penitence, Peru
215–16
Cruz, Isabel
216
Cunningham, Andrew
397
Cusco School of Painting
Andean reworkings of biblical scenes
214
Corpus Christi procession
223
da Vinci, Leonardo, on visual imagery
7
de Mollinedo y Angulo, Manuel, Bishop
214
Dean, Carolyn
225
death
and love
320
and pain and suffering
11
Decker, John R., and Mitzi Kirkland-Ives, Death, Torture and the Broken Body
4
Del Río Barredo, María José
403
dell’Arca, Niccolò, Lamentation
97, 98, 103
Mazzoni, comparison
99
mourners’ suffering, gender contrasts
99
Descartes, René, body-mind question
4, 93
Dombrowski, Damian
47
Dominicans
191
Duns Scotis, John
200
Dürer, Albrecht
119
Christ Nailed to the Cross
213
early modern world, emotions in
14
“Ecce Homo”, St. John’s Gospel
172, 179
Ecce Homo (Antonello da Messina)
170–1, 174–7, 200
emblem books
331–3
flaming hearts in
345
emotional communities
14–15, 314
emotions
cognitive view
13–14
constructionist view
14
in early modern world
14
gender differences
94–6, 97
Jesus Christ, Ecce Homo paintings
170–1, 173, 174–7, 178, 200, 202
John the Evangelist, Lamentation (dell’Arca)
97, 98
Mary Magdalen, Lamentation (Mazzoni)
96, 97
paradigms of
13–15
physical basis
93–4
studies on
13n42
empathetic suffering
Cristos yacentes
386, 389, 391–2, 393–4
Holy Week
403–11, 419
Protestant response
416–17, 418
and salvation
415, 416, 418
Spiritual Exercises (Loyola)
413
equinoctial astrolabe
125–6
Espinosa, Félix de, Chronica apostolica
234, 249, 252, 255
Eyck, Jan van
177
face, mutilation of
70
Fasani, Ranieri
184
Ferdinand, King of Aragón
217
Fernández, Gregorio, Cristos yacentes
384
anatomists’ contribution
385–6
empathetic suffering
386, 389, 391–2, 393–4
and Holy Thursday processions
386, 389, 411
‘incarnation’ process
383, 387
materiality
389–91
number attributed to
388
sympathetic response
392
wounds, naturalism
385, 388–9, 402–3
Fidelis of Sigmaringen, martyr
146
Finkelstein, Jacob J.
62, 63
Flanigan, Theresa
88
flaying
as artistic choice
49
as metaphor
36
Saint Bartholomew’s martyrdom
48–9
Ribera; Titian
Foucault, Michel, on confession
61
fountain
in main plaza, Lima
208
in The Stoning of St. Francis
207
France, religious conflict
124
Francis of Assisi, St.
183–4
stigmata
248–9
stoning of
207
Franciscan image theory, and devotion
190–3
Franciscanism
24
in Antonello’s Ecce Homo
202–3
dilemma
237, 240
in Messina
194–5
in Naples
196–9
radical
188–9
and self-flagellation
184
in Venice
199
Franciscans
liminality
237, 241, 242, 242–3, 245–6
loss of power to Bourbons
259
missionary work, decline
244
monastic poverty
241, 243–4, 243n13, 244–5
monastic seclusion
242
New Mexico, and Spanish power
261
New Spain
243
and Spanish colonialism
243, 243n12
François de Sales, Bishop
145, 148
funeral rituals, Goodland on
86
Galileo Galilei
129
Galle, Philippe, Seraphici Francisci
224
Gaudio, Michael
144
Gebedenboek Ruusbroecgenootschap hs
452
contents
269–70
floral imagery
271, 272, 274, 282–90, 283, 285, 287
God as image-maker
287
juxtapositions
275, 277
meditative function
278–82
narrative images
293–4, 298–300
penitential framework
272, 283
rhetorical devices
302
Saint Barbara
276
Saint Catherine
268
suffering discourse
272
votaress owner
272, 277, 280
words and images
270–1, 277
Collaert; Wierix
Gerson, Jean
191
Gertrude of Helfta, St.
335
Giotto di Bondone
Lamentation
82–3, 83
Navicella
89
painted crucifix
189
Brunelleschi’s sculpted version, comparison
87
Saint Francis Renouncing his Worldly Goods
221, 222
Giovanni di Cauli, Fra, Meditationes vitae Christi (attrib)
188
Giovanni di Paolo, Christ on the Way to Calvary
221
Girard, René
59
Gonzaga, Aloysius
147
Goodland, Katharine, on funeral rituals
86
gossips, female
fear of
71–2
parading of
73
Goya, Francisco de, La Procesión de Disciplinantes
408, 409, 410
Graham, Heather
23
Graziano, Frank
377
Gregory the Great
190
Gregory ix , Pope, Liber Extra
201
Gregory xv , Pope
235, 237
Greuter, Mattheus
24, 117
collaboration with Thomassin
128
engraving style
129
and conversion to Catholicism
126–7
La peinture spirituelle (Richeôme)
Martyrdom of St. Andrew
150
title page
149
Pantographice, seu ars delineandi (Scheiner), frontispiece
151–2
and Paul Maupin, portraits and names of Jesuit martyrs
136–9, 137–9, 141, 147
petition for copyright privilege
127
religious identity, uncertainty about
155
in Rome
123–4
studies on
117n5
grief
choreographed
103
and decorum
101–2, 104–5
female
105, 109–11
inappropriate
100, 101
male
104
Paul the Apostle on
101
and physicality
111
lamentation
Groebner, Valentin
55–6
Grünewald, Mattias, Isenheim Altarpiece
15–16, 16, 17–18
Guamán Poma de Ayala, Felipe
217
Haeften, Benedicto van, Schola cordis
333
Harvey, William, Movement of the Heart and Blood in Animals
398
Henry iv , King of France
128, 152–3, 154
Herrero-García, Miguel
406–7
Holler, Jacqueline
318
Holy Week
empathetic suffering
403–11, 419
Cristos yacentes
386, 389, 391–2, 393–4, 405, 406, 407, 411
flagellant penitents
407–8, 408–9, 409
imitatio Christi
409
narratives
Easter Sunday
404
Easter Vigil
404
Good Friday
404
Maundy Thursday
404, 404–5
sensing of
420
Horozco y Covarrubias, Juan de, Emblemas morales
345
Houston, Stephen, David Stuart, and Karl Taube
11
Howell Jolly, Penny
321
Howes, David
403
Huemer, Frances
125
Hugh of St. Victor
143–4
Hugo, Herman, Pia desideria
343
influence
332–3
meditation stages
331
Song of Songs, influence
331
humiliation rituals
54, 74
masks
67
bestialization
humors, and psychobiology
94
Humphrey, Nicholas
61
Hunt, Tiffany Lynn
27
Ibarra, José de, Christ in a Garden of Delights
316, 322, 323
contemplative virtues
323–4
instruments of the Passion
323
iconographies, and Council of Trent
211
Ignatius of Loyola
133, 147
Spiritual Exercises
8–9, 376
empathetic suffering
413
on suffering
413–14
images
objections to
191
purpose
190–1
reclining, of Christ
314, 316–18, 323, 325
Thomas Aquinas on
191
Franciscan image theory; iconographies; visual imagery
imitatio Christi
8, 105–6, 323, 349
biblical source
219
in convents
334, 340–3, 348
De imitatione Christi (Thomas à Kempis)
8, 82, 341
in Holy Week
409
and martyrdom
247
origins
341
and pain
328
The Soul Guided by Christ (Martínez)
349, 349
imprinting
concept
143
conversion, role in
145–6
and the Council of Trent
145
and images
145
and the Incarnation
144
and the soul
143–4
and violence
142–6
imprints
144–5
Innocent iii, Pope
194
intaglio printing method
142–3
Jacobus de Voragine, Golden Legend
49
Jacopone da Todi, Laude
188
Jenson, Nicholas, publisher
201
Jesuit martyrs
137–9, 141
Jesuits, expulsion from New Spain
260
Jesus Christ
bridal mysticism
336
contemplation of crucified image
88
as Cupid
346
incarnation
in art
87–8
as divine imprinting
144
pain and suffering
379, 414
Crucifix (Master of Valdarno)
185
crucifixes, focal points
186–7, 187, 188, 365
Ecce Homo (Messina)
170–1, 174–7, 200
Franciscan frescos
186
as radiant victory
189
reclining images
314, 316–18, 323, 325
bridal mysticism
334, 337
Cupid and Psyche references
330
feminized view
327
floral symbolism
337–9
Good Shepherd
328–9, 329–30, 329
pastoral themes
328
Psalm 23 references
329–30
sheep representing nuns
342
Song of Songs, influence
3, 327–8, 334, 337
Sacred Heart of Jesus
345, 392n21
Jesús, Felipe de, San
250, 251
Jews, punishment modes
75–6
John the Evangelist
emotional display
98
Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1490)
106, 107
Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1495)
108, 109
John xxii, Pope
188
Juan of Ávila, Blessed
Avisos y reglas cristianas
418
Cartas espirituales
415–16
Juan de la Cruz
327
Cántico espiritual
412
O llama de amor viva
412–13
Judensau pictorial tradition
74, 75, 75
Julian of Norwich
345–6
Juni, Juan de, Entombment
402
Karant-Nunn, Susan
418
Kempe, Margery
346
Kepler, Johannes, retinal imaging concept
120–1, 121–2
Kessell, John L.
246
Kilroy-Ewbank, Lauren G.
26–7
King, Margaret
101
Koselleck, Reinhart
140
Kostka, Stanislaus
147
Kusukawa, Sachiko
397
lamentation
exemplary
100–5
and redemption
100
grief
lamentation imagery (of Jesus Christ)
examples
84
for female audiences
106, 111
iconography
85–6, 89
origins
86
purpose
86
Lansing, Carol
104
Larkin, Brian
368
Lavrin, Asunción
253
Ley, Ruth
393
liminality
colonial
237, 242, 246, 256
Franciscans
237, 241, 242, 242–3, 245–6
martyr portraits
260–1, 262
meaning
240–1
linear identity, copperplate engraving
119, 126
northern incised line
Lochrie, Karma
71
López, Andrés
The Divine Spouse Wounded by Love
314, 315, 319, 320, 321, 337, 340
amorous text
343
Christ’s wounded heart
343–9
Song of Songs references
343–4, 346–7
The Good Shepherd in the Garden of Love
314
Louis of Toulouse, St.
198
love
and death
320
early modern views of
314
and pain
314, 318
classical tradition
320
and suffering
320–1
lovesickness
320
channelling
321
in European art
321–2
trope, nuns
345–8
Luther, Martin, on pain
417
McKim-Smith, Gridley
389
McLuhan, Marshall
389
McNamer, Sarah
26
macana
235, 254
Virgen de la Macana
239, 258
Maelcote, Odo van, equinoctial astrolabe
125–6
Mahmood, Saba
319
Mâle, Emile
146
Malon de Chaide, Pedro
414–15
Malvasia, Innocente
124
Man of Sorrows imagery
178–9
Mantegna, Andrea
178–9
Marcello, Jacopo Antonio, inappropriate grief
101
María de San José, Sor
338–9, 344, 347–8
marriage, mystical
336–7
Marsyas
fate, Christian subtext
47–8
in Ovid’s, Metamorphoses
40
Ribera; Titian
Martínez, Francisco, The Soul Guided by Christ
348, 349
allegorical figures
348
inscriptions
348
martyr, meaning
248
martyr portraits, Franciscans (Novohispanic)
234, 235, 236, 237, 238–9
effect on novices
248
exemplars for missionaries
249
functions
262
justifications for
251–2
liminality
260–1, 262
role of Pueblo Natives
256–9
textual sources
249–53
violence in
253–4, 262
weapon details
258
martyrdom
Catholic
hagiographies
249–50
imagery
133–4
publications
133–4
conditions for
251
discourse, and northern artist-engravers
133–41
and imitatio Christi
247
non-violent spiritual
118, 146, 147–8
and ocular theory
148–9
Torquemada on
251
voluntariness of
256
martyrs
canonization of
146–7
Franciscan (Novohispanic)
colonial liminality
237, 242
Franciscan liminality
237, 242
pain and suffering
234, 235, 236, 237, 238–9, 258–9
portraits
234, 235, 236, 237, 238–9, 241, 242, 245–6
Jesuit
136, 137–9, 141
Mary Magdalen
Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1490)
106, 107
Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1495)
108, 109
Lamentation (Mazzoni)
97
The Conversion of Mary Magdalene (Correa)
325–6, 326
masks
humiliation rituals
67
and mutilation
70
pig
68–9, 69
punishment function
67
rooster’s head
67, 68
scold’s bridle
Matienzo, Juan de, Government of Peru
224
Mazzoni, Guido
84, 84–5, 89
Lamentation (Ferrara)
90, 91
dell’Arca, comparison
99
John the Evangelist
98
Mary Magdalen’s emotions
96, 97
mourners’ suffering
91–2
Mechthilde of Hackeborn, St.
337
Meditationes Vitae Christi
192–3
Melion, Walter
26, 131
memorization, and visual images
6
Merback, Mitchell B.
9
Messina, Franciscanism
194–5
Mexico (Actopan)
fresco
19–20, 20
local symbolism
21
Mexico City (colonial)
devotional communities
358
earthquake (1731)
361, 374
Michelangelo
drawing of Jesus Christ
189
Sonnet
105, 189
mind’s eye see ocular theory
Montaña de Montserrate, Bernardino, Libro de la anothomia del hombre
398
Monteverdi, Claudio
48
Morris, David B.
1
Naples
Antonello in
196
Franciscanism
196–9
Neff, Amy
220
Neri, Filippo
133, 153
New Mexico
Pueblo Revolution (1680)
235, 237, 245, 260
secularization of missions
260
New Spain
convents
334
expulsion of Jesuits
260
Franciscans
243
northern artist-engravers
and martyrdom discourse
133–41
perceived superiority
128–9
northern incised line
and confessional identities
126–32
symbolic meanings
129, 131
Noyes, Ruth
24
nuns
and convent culture
333–40, 349–50
daily lives
334
literature for
333–4
lovesickness trope
345–8
as models for lay women
334
self-mortification
341–2
as sheep, in reclining images of Christ
342
Oberman, Heiko
184
ocular theory
and eucharistic doctrine
121, 149
and martyrdom
148–9, 149–50
retinal imaging concept
Olson, Todd
41
Ortega, Emmanuel
25–6
Ovalle, Alonso de
215
Ovid
Amores
320
Metamorphoses, Marsyas episode
40
ox, stoning of
62–3
Pacheco, Francisco
387
Arte de la pintura
419
pain
Bourke on
1, 36
Cohen on
4–5
and corporeal imagination
413
and imitatio Christi
328
and love
314, 318
Luther on
417
manifestations of
1
Ribera’s aesthetic treatment of
47
subjective experience of
392–3
suffering, distinction
318, 413
and touch
35–6
and truth
413
visual, evolution
37
pain and suffering; religious pain; suffering
pain and suffering
2
and Christianity
7–8
Christ’s see Jesus Christ
in colonial Mexican convents
340–9
cultural conventions
18–19
as cultural ideal
9
and death
11
Franciscan (Novohispanic) martyrs
234, 235, 236, 237, 238–9
Francisco Casañas de Jesús
236
material markings of
9
Messina’s Ecce Homo
170–1, 174–7, 200
and self-fashioning
5
in Spanish Americas
11–12, 19
studies on
3–5, 35n2
Thomas à Kempis on
8
tolerance of
9
Paleotti, Gabrielle
419
Panofsky, Erwin
190–1
Passe, van de, Crispijn, Stoning of the Elders
225, 226
Passion dramas, texts
188
Passion images
191–2
moderation of
190, 202
Passion Mass, Andean perspective
211–12
Passion narratives, Andean approach
211
Paul the Apostle
on grief
101
in Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1490)
106, 107
penance, suffering as
318
Peru, viceroyalty era
210
Peter the Apostle, in Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1490)
106, 107
Philip iv, King of Spain
403
physicality, and grief
111
pigs
animal trials
58, 60, 64
masks
68–9, 69
Pisano, Giunta
186
Pope-Hennessey, John, on Antonello
190
printing, in Venice
183, 201–2
imprinting; intaglio printing method
Pueblo Natives
237, 246, 247, 254
role in martyr portraits
256–9
stereotypical representation
256–7, 257, 258
Pueblo Revolution, New Mexico (1680)
235, 237, 245, 260
punishment
for bestiality
76–7
by stoning
62
of Jews
75–6
rituals
53–4
Ramos Gavilán, Alonso
227
Raphael, Crucifixion with Virgin, Saints, and Angels (Mond Crucifixion)
17, 18
Realdo Colombo, Matteo, De re anatomica
398
redemption, and lamentation
100
Reisch, Gregor, Margarita philosophica
394–5
illustration
396
religious pain
Actopan (Mexico), fresco
19–20, 20, 21
Crucifixion with Virgin, Saints, and Angels (Raphael)
17
Isenheim Altarpiece (Grünewald)
16
René of Anjou, King of Naples
196
retinal imaging concept, Kepler
120–1, 121–2
Rey, Rosaline, The History of Pain
5
Ribalta, Francisco, Saint Bernard
322
Ribera, Jusepe de
Apollo and Marsyas
22, 44
pain, aesthetic treatment of
47
Titian’s painting, comparison
43, 45–6, 47, 50–1
Titian
Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew
50
Rice, Louise
128
Richeôme, Louis
122
La peinture Spirituelle
Martyrdom of St. Andrew
150
title page
149
rituals
atonement
358, 366–72, 378–9
punishment
53–4
humiliation rituals
Rivadeneyra, Marcelo de
Historia de las islas
250–1
Monarquía Indiana
251
Robert of Anjou, King of Naples
197
Rodríguez y Gutíerrez de Ceballos, Alfonso
409–10
Rome, art patronage
125
rope
in Antonello’s Ecce Homo
170–1, 176–7, 200
Franciscan symbolism of
187–8
in The Soul Guided by Christ
348, 349
Rose of Lima
377
Rosenwein, Barbara
14
roses, and Christ’s wounds
372
Rubelais, Pedro de
398
Sadeler, Raphael
224
Sagundino, Niccolò
101
saints, and their images, purpose
136, 137, 138
Salas, Pedro de, Afectos divinos con emblemas sagrados
331, 333, 344
Ecstasies of the Enamored Soul
331–2, 332
salvation, and empathetic suffering
415, 416, 418
San Francisco monastery (Santiago), Flagellation of Christ mural
216
Sanabria, Diego, Fray Francisco Casañas de Jesus
234, 235, 236, 252–3
Santa Cruz Pumacallao, Basilio
The Stoning of St. Francis
207
Andean audiences
209
Andean interpretation
211–14, 230
children in
207, 220, 223
symbolism
223–4
fountain detail
207
Francis
as alternate Christ
210, 219–20, 221–2, 230
conversion of
207, 218
defenseless gesture
207, 210
sources
224–5
stone, in Andean culture
225, 229
Santelízes, Mariano José
380
Santo Cristo de Singuilucan image
378
Sapir, Itay
22
Sariñana y Cuenca, Isidro, Bishop
258
Funeral Oration
245–6, 249
Sawday, Jonathan
397
The Body Emblazoned
10
Scarry, Elaine
35, 392
The Body in Pain
5
Scheiner, Christoph
122, 129
Pantographice, seu ars delineandi, frontispiece
151–2
Schoenfeldt, Michael
93, 111
Scholten, Fritz, and Joanna Woodall
118
Schongauer, Martin, Christ Carrying the Cross
221
scold’s bridle
70–1, 72
self-fashioning, and pain and suffering
5
Señor de los Desagravios (sculpture)
27
Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés de, A Second Democritus: On the Just Causes of War with the Indians
224
Sirasi, Nancy
397
Sixtus iv, Pope
199–200
social ordering, and animal trials
56
Soria, Francisco de, Manuel de los exercicios
27
address to reader’s soul
367
and atonement rituals
358, 366–72, 378–9
‘composition of place’ approach
376
and Cristo de los Desagravios statue
360, 378, 379
crucifix display
371–2
gendered references
377–8
penitential acts
368–9
public processions
370–1
self-denial prescriptions
368
self-flagellation
369
and union with Christ
370
Soria, Lucas de, De la passion de Nuestra Señor Iesu Cristo
414
Spanish Americas, pain and suffering
11–12, 19–21
Speyer, Johannes de, printer
182, 183
Spinosa, Nicola, L’opera completa
46
Stastsny, Francisco
214
Steen, Jan
322
Steinberg, Leo
325
stone, in Andean culture
religious significance
225, 227–9, 228
in The Stoning of St. Francis
225
at Sacsayhuaman
227
clothed
228
emblematic of Jesus Christ
227–8
stoning
of oxen
62–3
punishment by
62
of St. Francis
207–8, 207
Strozzi, Alessandra
93
Stull, Bradford T.
392
suffering
Casañas de Jesús
236
discourse, in Gebedenboek Ruusbroecgenootschap hs
452 272
and God’s love
415
Jesuit martyrs
137–9, 141
and love
320–1
Loyola on
413–14
pain, distinction
318, 413
as penance
318
saintly, and spread of Christianity in Andes
219
sublimated somatic
146–51
Virgin Mary
88, 404, 405
empathetic suffering; pain; pain and suffering
sumptuary laws
85, 103, 104, 105
Sureda, Joan
385
Suso, Heinrich
191
Taylor, William
365
Teresa of Ávila, St.
327, 346, 369, 412, 416
Terry-Fritsch, Allie
23
The Stoning of St. Francis
25
thesis prints
128–9
Thomas à Kempis
De imitatione Christi
8, 82
influence
341
on pain and suffering
8
Thomas of Celano, Tractatus de Miraculis
222
Thomassin, Philippe
24, 117
Annales ecclesiastici (Baronio), frontispiece
154
collaboration with Greuter
128
Henry iv, portrait
152–3
Madonna della Vallicella
154, 154
Madonna Immaculata
130–1, 131–2, 148
Martyrdom of St. Stephen
147
petition for copyright privilege
127–8
religious identity, uncertainty about
155
in Rome
124
studies on
117n5
Thompson, Augustine
103
Tino di Camaino
198
Titian, Flaying of Marsyas
22, 38, 39, 41
description
40
literary source
40
pictorial style
41–2
Ribera’s painting, comparison
43, 45–6, 47, 50–1
visual chaos
42–3
Ribera
Tlaxcala (nr Mexico City)
366
Tomás de Villanueva, St., Modo breve
393
Torquemada, Juan de, Fray, on martyrdom
251
touch
and pain
35–6
and the senses
38n11
transubstantiation doctrine, and Council of Trent
121
trauma, anatomy of
394
Trent, Council of (1545–63)
11, 118, 412
transubstantiation doctrine
121
truth
corporeal models of
139–40
and eyewitness testimony
140
and pain
413
Turin Shroud
145
Turner, Victor
240, 241, 244
Turpin, Jean
128
ungestalt (formlessness) concept
55–6, 57, 65, 67
examples
76n100, 77
Valverde de Amusco, Juan
386
Anatomia del corpo humano, illustration
399
Historia de la composición del cuerpo humano
398
van Dijkhuizen, Jan Frans, and Karl Enenkel, The Sense of Suffering
3
Vargas, Francisco de
252, 253
Veil of Veronica
145, 150, 153
Venice
Antonello in
182–3, 199
Ecce Homo
181, 183
Franciscan texts, printing
183, 201
Franciscanism
199
printing in
183, 201–2
Vermeylen, Filip
117–18
Verstegen, Richard, Théâtre des cruautez des héréticques de nostre temps
134–5, 135
Vesalius, Andreas
397, 400
De humani corporis fabrica
394
illustration
395
Epistola
394
Villaseñor Black, Charlene
326
violence, and imprinting
142–6
Virgin Mary
association with lily
337
as Divine Pastoress
328
as image
288
Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1490)
106, 107
Lamentation (Botticelli c. 1495)
108, 109
suffering
88, 404, 405
The Crucified Christ with the Virgin Mary, Saints and Angels (Raphael)
17
vision, theories of
120
retinal imaging concept
visual imagery
Aquinas on
6, 191
Leonardo da Vinci on
7
and memorization
6
visual species
120
Voekel, Pamela
380
Vrancx, Sebastian
128
Walker, Charles
375
Webster, Susan Verdi
385, 408, 414
Weller, Peter
24–5
Wierix brothers, Cor Jesu Amanti Sacrum
333
Wierix, Hieronymus
Boy Jesus Carrying the Cross
270, 275, 278
accompanying prayers
297–8
Mary Praying by the Bedside of the Infant Jesus
274
accompanying prayers
296–7
Virgin of Sorrows
295
accompanying prayer
296
Witcombe, Christopher
127
Xavier, Francis
147