Note on Transliteration and Translation
Arabic Transliteration follows the Library of Congress conventions, briefly outlined below:
|
ء |
ʾ |
خ |
kh |
ش |
sh |
غ |
gh |
م |
m |
|
ب |
b |
د |
d |
ص |
ṣ |
ف |
f |
ن |
n |
|
ت |
t |
ذ |
dh |
ض |
ḍ |
ق |
q |
ه |
h |
|
ث |
th |
ر |
r |
ط |
ṭ |
ك |
k |
و |
w |
|
ج |
j |
ز |
z |
ظ |
ẓ |
ل |
l |
ي |
y |
|
ح |
ḥ |
س |
s |
ع |
ʿ |
||||
|
ة |
a/t |
ال |
al-/’l- |
||||||
|
◌َ |
a |
◌ُ |
u |
◌ِ |
i |
||||
|
◌ً |
an |
◌ٌ |
un |
◌ٍ |
in |
||||
|
آ |
ā |
◌ُو |
ū |
◌ِي |
ī |
||||
|
◌َا |
ā |
◌ُوّ |
ūw |
◌ِيّ |
īy |
||||
|
ى |
ā |
◌َو |
aw |
◌َي |
ay |
||||
|
* Final vocalization is stated in superscript, when needed. |
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The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) serves as the basis for all issues of bibliographical style.
Translation of all Quran verses follows: Abdel Haleem, M.A.S., The Qurʾan: A New Translation, Oxford World’s Classics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).