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Jim Glassman
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Index

303 Committee, US government 428
Abell, Bess 512, 526
Abinales, Patricio 455
Abrams, Creighton 388
accumulation by dispossession 80
Acer 413
Acheson, Dean 97, 103–9 passim, 120–1, 130, 178, 181, 200, 204, 238
on complexity reduction 174–6
on the Philippines 451
on trade between Japan and China 234
on “true nationalism” 205
“rotten apple” theory 246
Afghanistan 141
Africa, and Operation Vanguard 405–6
Komer’s interest in 155
agency 69–74, 119–21, 123
Agency for International Development, US (USAID) 286
Agnew, John 24–6, 40, 44, 56
Agnew, Spiro 477–8, 490
agribusiness 418, 452
agro-exporters 417, 457
ahistorical abstraction 126
aid, varying forms and effects 382–3
Air America 410–1, 437
air power 132
Alaska Airlines 281
Algeria 293
Alliance for Progress 570–1
Allied Translator and Interpreter Section 187
American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) 184
American-Korean Foundation 134–5
Americanism 108, 123
Amin, Samir 505
Amoroso, Donna 455
Amsden, Alice 9, 53–4n, 261, 302, 339–45 passim
on Hyundai’s contracts in Vietnam 360
on state power and financial discipline in South Korea 417
Anek Laothamatas 416
Anglo-Saxonism 449–51, 573
Rostow’s transcendence of 577–8
anti-colonial independence struggles 165, 178, 560, 573
anti-colonial nationalism 204, 243
anti-developmental state, in the Philippines 448–9, 460, 476
anti-imperialism 242
anticommunism 16, 107–9, 125, 130–2, 160–1, 165
and opposition of Thai and US elites to redistribution 427
and Pacific ruling class 550
as cement of Pacific ruling class alliance 173–179
as fighting faith of Pacific ruling class 547–8
contrasts between Atlantic and Pacific ruling classes 548
in Thailand 421
Japanese emperor as symbol of 188
of Thai elites 442
of US and Thai elites 431
Anzio (World War II battle) 148
Apple Corporation 412
appropriation of surplus 118
Aquino, Benigno 483
Armour 281
Arrighi, Giovanni 41, 43
articulation, sectoral and social 505
Asia Pacific region 503
class basis of regional hierarchy 509
Cold War divisions 503
Asia, postwar differences from Europe 177
Asian collectivism, as truism 593–4
Asian Development Bank 201, 407
Asian elites 165
assertions about Asian people 178
tensions with US elites over elections 550
Asian leaders, challenges to Lee’s AV arguments 598
support for technological change 560–1
symbolic induction into MIC and Pacific ruling class 535
Asian Values (AV) discourse 6, 18, 186
accounts of East Asian development and Confucian practices 604–8
and Asians as more collective than Westerners in sensibilities 593
and reversal of moral valences around collectivist discourse 594
and shaping of Pacific ruling class 587
and transformation of development thinking in the Global South 597
as expressing socio-political and ideological differences 599
class dimensions of 594
gendered and racialized class foundations 599
in Thailand 615
popularity among Asian leaders 598, 600
utility of for Asian leadership groups and Westerners 599
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 521
Atlantic Fordism 162–3
Atlantic ruling class 15–16, 18–19, 60, 89–90, 94, 116–7, 124–5, 161–2, 176, 450, 518, 602
Atlantic slave trade 79–80, 95
Atlas Construction 141–2
Australia, troops for Vietnam 312
authoritarian anticommunist developmentalism 5, 18, 161, 163, 502, 610–1
and Pacific ruling class 601
and Rostow’s work 577
as comprehensive concept of control 601
as Pacific ruling class concept 548
as Pacific ruling class “average” 583
as practice 562
in South Korea 619
authoritarianism 5, 19
and labor organizations in Asia 552
and press freedom in Asia 550, 553
in Asia 178
in Japan 187
of US military leaders 187
US support for 206
vs. liberal democracy in the Pacific 550
authority, hierarchical 85, 86–7
automobile industry 99, 102
contrasts between Philippines and Thailand 483–4
in Thailand 445–6
autonomy, of state from capital 257–8
averages 159–62
B-52 bombers 404–5
Bak Byeng-Kwon 295–6
Ball, George 224, 462
and planning of Manila Conference 514
participation in USSBS 556
Bangkok 163
entertainment event for LBJ 523–4
Bangkok Bank 446
expansion to PRC 443–4
Bangkok-Saraburi Highway 434
Bank of Japan 8–9
Governor 195
bankers 9, 10, 92
power of in the Philippines 447
effects on Philippine economy 460
Sino-Thai 415
power of in Thailand 432 (see, also, financial capital)
banks 8
nationalization of in South Korea 255, 300
Baran, Paul 78–9, 84
critique of Rostow 570
Barnett, Robert 207, 319n, 321
on Rostow and Taiwanese development 394
views on South Korean development 335
Barr, Michael, on context of Lee’s AV arguments 592–3
on Lee Kuan Yew 586–7, 589, 590
on AV claims 594
Bator, Francis 325
Battle, I.M. 285–6
Battle, L.D. 280
Beach, Dwight Edward 327, 330–1
Bechtel Corporation 140
fertilizer plant in India 151
Bell Trade Act (1946) 478
effects on the Philippines 456
Bell, David 293, 463
Bell, Peter 419
Bello, Walden 448–9
Berger, Samuel 191, 200, 269, 273, 282, 285, 288, 294, 297–8, 301, 304, 309, 312n, 423
analysis of Kim Chŏng-p’il 274–6
Bernard, Mitchell 504–5
Bernstein, Joel 320
beyond consumption stage (Rostow) 548
Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) 421, 436
concerns about foreign press coverage 554–5
gifts 531
music during state visits 538–40
parallels with Hirohito and US campaign to promote 544
big man theory of history 64–5, 68, 69–74, 105, 346
Big Push campaign (South Korea) 302, 356, 372, 388, 416
Birla, B.M. 152
Bissell, Richard 565
Black, Dorothy (Dorothy Bonny) 138–40
Black, Eugene 407
Blair, William 461, 464, 466, 467, 469, 517
and planning of Manila Conference 514
assumptions about Filipinos 465
communication with President-elect Marcos 466
criticisms of Philippine press 553–4
discontent with Macapagal 465
discontent with Philippines 468
on Philippine contract worker opportunities 472–3
support for Philippine OSP opportunities 471–2
waning support for in Washington 473
Blasius, George F. 281
Blaw-Knox 281, 339
Block, Fred 119–20, 391–2
boarding schools 118–9, 121
Bode, Ries 16, 54
Bonny, John Bruce (Jack) 127–8, 135, 138–49, 151, 155, 159–62, 331, 333
on construction inspectors 146
on government contracts 140
on workers 145
relationship with LBJ 361
suggestions for Vietnamese development 333–4
Boonsanong Pudyodyasa 419
Booth, Anne 413
booty capitalism 447, 455–7
Borden, William 180, 194
Bourdieu, Pierre 6, 16, 18, 30–1, 110–3, 128, 601
Bourne, Randolph 76
Bowen Mission 432
Bowles, Chester 207
Boyce, James 458
Boyes, Jon L. 321, 323
Bradley, Omar 130
Braim, Paul 129, 135
Brand, Vance 281–2
Brazinsky, Gregg 579, 608
Brenner, Neil 52
Brenner, Robert 53–4n
Bretton Woods system 66, 387–8
briefing material for state visits 512
and usable essentialisms 540–7
British military, contribution to Singapore’s GDP 486
Brown & Root 332, 361, 435
Brown memorandum 328, 333, 437n
and class-fractional “average” 337
and Hyundai OSP contracts 376
effects on procurement by South Korean firms 352, 361
US secrecy about in the Philippines 470, 472
Brown, George 332, 361
Brown, Harold 200
Brown, Herman 332, 361
Brown, Irving 152
Brown, Winthrop 313–4, 318, 323, 376, 524
and LBJ letter to Park Chung Hee 330
gift for Park Chung Hee 531, 533n
on corruption in South Korea 473n
recommendation for Korean special procurement 318–320
recommendation of MAP transfer suspension 318
support for “brain-washing” Korean opposition and press 329
support for Korean OSP 315
Brubeck, William 275
Brzezinski, Zbigniew 155, 200
Bukharin, Nikolai 78
Bunchana Atthakor 433
Bundy, McGeorge 69, 109, 122, 148, 152–4, 211, 213, 224–5, 275, 280–2, 285–6, 290–99 passim, 305, 309, 312–3, 315, 325, 327, 403–4, 408
as academic and planner 563–4
opposition to Jiang’s maneuvering 399
Orientalism and Northeast Asia-Centrism of 235–6
Bundy, William 109, 122, 153, 213, 230, 274, 297, 319–20, 323, 329, 404, 428, 433, 464, 473n
and planning of Manila Conference 514
discussion of OSP with Marcos 470
on Singaporean repair program 490
opposition to special procurement 320
promotion of normalization treaty 309–10
rejection of decorations for LBJ 534
rejection of helicopter gift for Park 533n
Burawoy, Michael 119, 122–3, 351
Burbank, Jane 42
bureaucratic norms, impersonal 528
Burma 164, 293
Bush, George H.W. 200
Butterworth, W. Walton 205–6
Buy America campaign 359
California Special Training Institute (CSTI) 87–88
Calley, William 133
Caltex, OSP 437
Canton Trade Fair 440
Capital (Marx) 77, 79–81, 125–6, 373
Korean translations of 581
capital accumulation 9, 43, 78
capital-intensive industry 97–9
capital 2–3
as a whole, perspective of 83
as a totality 83, 85–6, 89
composition of 31, 111–3, 128, 392
convertability of different forms of 112, 128
cultural 112, 117
economic 112, 117
expansive drive of 118–9
forms of (see capital, composition of)
fractions of 9, 53–4, 85–7, 89
general interests of 47–8
power of 255
capitalism 3, 13, 16, 56, 160–1
alternatives to 627
differing forms of 528
tendencies toward polarization and violence 606, 626–7
variegated development of 55
capitalist class 16, 28, 112–6, 121
power of 120
Rostow’s account of 577
capitalist class structures 161–2
capitalist development 4, 52, 80
war and 78
capitalist interests 83–4, 121
capitalist logic 43
capitalist mode of production 77–80, 126
capitalist property relations 48
capitalist states 42
violence as internal to 606
capitalists 47–8, 80–1, 83, 118, 120, 128
as “bearers” of economic relations 126
Asian 127
general interest of 81–2
Japanese 280
Korean 254–5, 272, 280
limits placed on state policies by 287
South Korean, entry into Pacific ruling class 253
carcereal state 81–2
Carey Chemical 281
Carpenter, Liz 536
Carter Administration 157
military support for Philippines 482
Carter, Jimmy 200
Cary report 295
cattle, Korean market 135
ranching 135, 144
causation 29, 69–74
Central Intelligence Agency, US (CIA) 132, 148–9, 152, 178, 190–2, 213, 200, 268–9
1966 analysis of China trade 237
and Lotus project 424
and Thai elections 550
assessment of 1954 Korean troop offer 311
assessment of Korean elections 277
assessment of Philippine parties 466
on cooperative ventures with Taiwan against China 523
on Philippine land tenure system 459
opposition to attack on China 398
Orientalism of 422
report on Lee Kuan Yew 487–8;
centralization of capital 374
chaebol (South Korea) 252–3, 336, 373
and “classically” Marxist route to development 373
development of 302
entry into Middle East with US military 442
impact of Brown memorandum on 331
international competition for 375
offshore procurement 257
subsidies to 447
Chang Myôn goverment 261–2, 264, 272, 304
Chang To-yŏng (Chang Do Young) 266, 268
explanation for 1961 coup 265
Chang Woo-Joo 316n, 319n, 336
as President of Hyundai 363–4
conversation with Rostow about take-off 580
support for Korean reunification 622
Chang, Dae-Oup 73–4, 258
Charoen Pokphand (CP) Group 446, 483
expansion into PRC 444
Chatichai Choonhavan 441
Cheil Synthetic Textiles 350, 531
Cheju Island 135
Chen, Cheng 408
Chia Thai 444
Chiang Ching-Kuo 403
presentation of Great Torch 5 398
Chiang Kai-shek (see Jiang Jieshi)
Chiang Mai province 537
Chibber, Vivek 10–11, 253–8, 261, 280, 348
on political form of capitalism 548–9
Chin Sophonpanich 443
China (see also China, People’s Republic) 163, 169–70, 176
and US policies in the Philippines 456
differences between US and Japanese leaders on trade with 238–9
individualism in 209
military threat to South Korea 295
Nationalists 164, 202–233 passim
nuclear weapons 398
China Airlines 411
China Lobby 133–4, 202–3
Komer on 211
China watchers (see US State Department, China specialists)
China, People’s Republic (PRC) 1–3, 5, 133–4, 142, 156, 172, 179, 202–233 passim, 342, 385–6
and Vietnam 396–7
conservative reforms of 624
contemporary struggles of 623–4
detonation of atomic bomb 210–1
French recognition of 210, 215
recognition at the United Nations 224
relations with Vietnam 244
uneven development of 624
US efforts to block advances 561
US normalization of relations with 246
China, Republic of (ROC) 202–233 passim (see also Taiwan)
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) 202–233 passim, 243, 620
heavy industry focus 349
in the Korean War 243
Korean members in 242
Chinese Petroleum Company 412
Chinese revolution 163–4, 177
Chinese-Filipinos 483
Cho Chung-hun 353–4
entry into the Pacific ruling class 355
Chŏng Chu-yŏng 356, 358, 423
antagonism to unions 365
as “illicit accumulator” 359
as “illicit accumulator” 359
connections with the US military 377
entry into Pacific ruling class 361
internationalization strategy 359
Chŏng Il-gwŏn (Chung Il-kwon) 270, 326, 329, 525
Chou En-lai 439–40
on Singapore 493
Christianity 35
Chungang University 290
circulation 42
civil society 123
Clark Airfield 456, 476, 479
class 55, 62, 110–25
cultural dimensions of 111
expansive and geographically-historically conjunctural sense of 609
Gramscian conceptions of 27
racialization and gendering of 32, 62
class analysis 61
class consciousness 110–1
class formation, in Pacific Asia 602
transnational 257
class fractions 27, 40, 55, 62, 89–94, 111–2 (see, also, capital, fractions of)
class identity 110–1
class position, articulation with national position 509
class process 2, 126
transnational 4, 257
class relations 16, 35, 50–1, 126
as foundations of capitalist violence 606
class stasis, in Philippines 482
in Thailand 419–39, 444–5
class structural differences, between Atlantic and Pacific 549
class structure 35
differences between Atlantic and Pacific 549
differences between post-World War II Atlantic and Pacific 163–4
in rural Philippines 452–3
class struggle 9, 15, 52, 54–6, 68, 72, 81, 160
absence of in US China specialists’ analyses 222–3
in China 215
in South Korea 258
in the Philippines 458–9
class transformation, limits of in Thailand 419
of Japanese agriculture 181–3
class-for-itself vs. class-in-itself 110
class-relevant social relations 51
and social struggles 15, 52, 55–6, 68, 72
Clausewitz 35
conception of war 156
Clifford-Taylor mission 556–7
Clifford-Taylor report 554
Clifford, Clark 104, 474, 554, 557
Cline, Ray 399–400
Coe, Neil 347
coercion 49–50
Cold War 2–3, 5, 7, 48, 139
alliance, US 337, 376
and US South Korean relations 376
synthesis 105
termination of in Asia 386
Coleman, Mat 45, 48
Collins, J. Lawton 246
Collins, Robert 107
colonial legacies 413–4
in Asia 164–5
colonial paternalism 577–8
colonialism, US 95
Commercial Import Program (Vietnam) 395
Committee for Promotion of Export Industry 280
Committee of One Million Against Admission of Communist China to the United Nations 133–4, 207
Committee on the Present Danger 193, 200–1
commons, enclosure of 79–80
communism 65
Acheson on 205
in South Korea 259
in South Korea 259
international 204
Communist China (see China, People’s Republic)
Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels) 567
Rostow on 571–2
communist parties, emphasis on social change 560
in Asia 165–6
of China 234
of France 161
of Italy 161
of Japan 184, 190
of Thailand (CPT) 426, 429
of Vietnam 205–6
theoreticians 77–8;
comparative advantage, static 511
competition 9, 42, 86–7, 145
inter-capitalist 27
complexity reduction 71–2, 74
comprehensive concept of control 16, 18, 58, 106, 161
concentration of capital 374
concept of control 54, 55, 86, 89
conceptions of the world, Komer’s and Rostow’s 154
Confucianism 6, 528
conjunctural analysis 34
conjuncture 69–74
conservative nationalism 98–109 passim
conservatives, US 175
construction firms, Philippine 374, 469, 476
South Korean 258, 366–77, 435
Thai 374, 433, 435, 436
US 433
construction industry, backward linkages to other industries in South Korea 368
in South Korea 253, 353, 366, 412
in the Philippines 475–6
in Taiwan 410
in Thailand 417–8
construction sectors, national comparisons 495–6
construction state 353, 384
Japanese 199
Marcos’ desire for in the Philippines 475
South Korean 17, 254, 366–76, 618
consumerism 31, 123
containment 106–8, 172–4, 181, 99–102
in Korea 243
contingency 71–2
contract workers, Filipinos and Koreans 472
contradictions, and industrial capitalist development 373
of capital as a totality 83
social 116
Cooper, Chester 213, 313
Cooper, Frederick 42
Corbridge, Stuart 24–6
core-periphery differences, between Atlantic and Pacific 549
corporate liberalism (corporate liberal synthesis) 54–5, 90, 91–93, 96, 99, 106, 107, 174
corruption, difficulty of analyzing 447
in the colonial Philippines 454–5
cosmopolitanism 56–7
Cosmos Club of Washington, DC 151
cost-plus-fixed fee contracts 146
Council for International Economic Cooperation and Development, Taiwan 408
Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), War and Peace studies 180
counterinsurgency (CI) 130, 153
doctrines 132
in the Philippines 453, 482
Cowen, Deborah 25–6, 45–7
Cox, Robert 40, 53, 55–9
critical geopolitics 47
Critical Path Method (CPM) 360, 363
critical realist approach 605
Critique of the Gotha Program (Marx and Engels) 571
Croce, Bendetto, Gramsci on 562
on Marx 571
cultural essentialisms 221, 594
cultural political economy 110, 610
Cultural Revolution 207, 216, 218–9, 223, 229, 235, 238
Cumings, Bruce 73, 94–5, 99–102, 108, 133, 162, 181, 199, 242–4, 260, 340, 353, 391, 503
on Korean democratization 372–3
Daelim Corporation 366, 496
Daewoo Corporation 353, 375, 446
Dalby, Simon 47
dams 140, 149, 560
Davis, James B. 202
Dawee Chullasapya 434
de Angelis, Massimo 80–1
decolonization 5, 155
defense 32, 87
Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA, US) 397
deficit spending 93
democracy, development and limits in the Philippines 453–4
in Europe and North America 549
limited meaning of under Pacific Ruling class 551
Democrat Party (Thailand) 426, 428, 613–5
Democratic Party (US) 97–8, 133, 141–2, 148, 155, 202–3, 285
democratic-authoritarian distinction 549
democratization, and labor uprising in South Korea 365
and struggles for in Japan 188–9
antagonism of Asian elites toward 551–2
in South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the Philippines 610
limits of in Thailand 423
demography 158
demonstration elections, in South Korea (1963) 430, 550
in Thailand (1969) 423, 430
dependent development, in Thailand 446
Deputy Officer in Charge of Construction, US (DOICC) 332
derivation debate 30
Desai, Radhika 25–6, 53, 53–4n
despotic labor regime 351, 365
détente, US-PRC 387
determinate (determined) market 30, 37, 61, 63
developed-developing distinction 549
development 2–3, 5, 7, 12
as child of anticommunism 557
as justification for US war in Vietnam 558
as justification of authoritarianism in Asia 558
as technological change 560
definition of 13
dynamics of 62
national 63 (see also capitalism, industrial development)
politics of on Taiwan 390
development economics 548
development planners, and Rostow’s schema 578
developmental bureaucratic state (DBS) 391
in Singapore 485
developmental dictatorship 259
developmental network state (DNS) 391
on Taiwan 395
developmental state 4, 6–8, 10, 12, 50, 91, 92, 247, 336
absence of in the Philippines 447
absence of in Thailand 418
and EPB 337
and POSCO 345
as honorific category 447
conceptions of 7
definition of 10–11
disciplinary capacity 348
in relation to GPN s 350
Japanese 197–8
limits of power (in South Korea) 287
neo-Weberian descriptions 391
opposition to democracy (in South Korea) 372–3
Singaporean 414, 492, 494
South Korean 252–9, 289, 300–2, 372, 373, 375–7, 394, 413
Taiwanese 390, 391, 394, 408, 413
developmentalism 125, 160–1, 166, 259
and Pacific ruling class 548, 556–561
Dhanin Chearavanont 444
Dicken, Peter 347
Diem, Ngo Dinh, assassination of 69–70
diplomatic history 69–74
diplomatic rituals 547
disarticulated development, in Philippines 483
disarticulation, sectoral and social 505
discipline 85–7
of capital 254–8, 280, 350, 375, 485
of financial capital 90–3, 272, 448
of labor 91, 350–1, 418
disinterested observation 72–3
display, of technological power and wealth 535
dispossession, racialized 86
of Natives 95–6
Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line 141
diversity within unity, of Pacific ruling class 389
division of labor 115
Dodge, Joseph 193–4, 196, 200
Dodge Plan 193–4
dollar gap 108, 181, 194
domestic vs. foreign affairs 337
Domhoff, G. Wiliiam 97, 114, 116, 121
dominant class 16, 31, 111–121 passim, 127, 512
domino theory 246, 568, 607
Rostow and Lee on 582
Don Meuang airport (Thailand), fuel pipeline project 434
Donald, Richard H., on Lee Kuan Yew 487
Doner, Richard 413–4, 445
on structural change vs. upgrading in Thailand 418, 438
Doronilo, Amando 553
Dower, John 180, 183, 186–8, 194, 197, 199
Draper, William 194, 200
on trade between Japan and China 234
Dress, Abby 341, 343, 346
Du Bois, W.E.B. 78
Dulles, Alan 109, 190, 200
Dulles, John Foster 109, 191, 200
Dungan, Ralph 292
DuPont 93, 96
Dutch East Indies 164
dyadic comparisons, method of 502
East Asia, development 605–9 passim
regional integration process 503–4
East Asian massacres 3, 603, 606, 610
East Asian miracle (World Bank) 3, 5, 9, 247, 511, 606, 610
East Coast elite (US) 122, 129
East of Suez policy (Great Britain) 486, 488
East-West distinctions, as basis of class bonding 547
economic activities, spatial forms of 41
economic character masks 126
economic crisis, of 1997–98 375
of 2008 9, 44, 68
economic historians, critiques of Rostow 571
Economic Planning Board (EPB), South Korea 267, 285, 287, 288
economic reductionism 32
of US China specialists 221
economic transactions, as arms-length 528
economy, the 30–2
economy/security nexus 45, 48
effective demand 83, 98
Eisenhower Administration 148, 191, 234, 303
Eisenhower, Dwight D. 76, 130, 132, 133, 137
acceptance of royal decorations 534
Eisenhower, Milton 134
Elden, Stuart 25–6
electronics industry 256, 349–52
Singaporean 492
South Korean 258
Taiwanese 407–10
Thai 445
transnationalization of in South Korea 377
embedded autonomy 62
emergent properties 29
eMKayan 142
empire of bases (US) 96
engineers 145
US 376
entertainment 512, 513
rituals 535–547
equilibrium 159–60
Ernst, Roger 319n
Escobar, Arturo 12
Essex, Jamey 45–6
Esso 437
Estrada regime 611
European Recovery Program (ERP) 108
Evans, Peter 62
expanded reproduction 80–1
expansiveness of capital, intensive vs. extensive 161
export commodities, in colonial Asia 164–5
export targets 255, 280
export-led industrialization (ELI) 255–6, 348
export-oriented industrialization (EOI) 256, 278, 300, 381, 447
in South Korea 377, 504–5
in Taiwan 409
export promotion 62
expropriation, of capitalist property 83
extended case method 71
Fairbank, John King, on Vietnamese Communists 221–2
Fall, Bernard 155–6
family structures, and industrialization 594
Far Eastern Marine Company 280
Far Eastern Shipbuilding Limited (FESL) 493–4
Far-Eastern Shipping, union struggle at 355
Farjoun, Emmanuel 159
Farley, Hugh, paper on Korea 262–3
Faust, David 570
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI, US) 453
Federation of Korean Industries (FKI) 272, 287, 307, 346, 359
Master Plan 278
Federation of Malaya 383
Fellers, Bonner 133
Ferguson, Thomas 96–9, 102, 113, 116, 123, 124
Fetzer, James 207
financial capital 9, 54, 55, 89–91, 98, 120
absence of discipline in Thailand and the Philippines 460
disciplining of 9, 10–1, 255, 300, 391
Japanese 186
financial repression (see financial capital, disciplining of discipline, of financial capital)
fishing rights controversy, Japan and South Korea 306–7
five-year plan, South Korea 285, 339
Thailand 432
Fleck, Benjamin 323
Fluor Corporation 135, 136, 284–5, 374
flying geese 503
For America 133
force (coercion) 36, 81
Ford Administration, reduction of military spending in Thailand 442–3
Ford Foundation 153–4, 224
Ford, Gerald 133, 386
Ford, Henry, paternalism of 343
Fordism 31, 99, 106, 108, 109, 161, 351, 391, 505
in South Korea 365, 375
Fordist-Keynesian policies, and Atlantic capitalism 549
Foreign Area Research Group 221–2n
foreign direct investment (FDI) 257
on Taiwan 408–9
forms of capital (see capital, composition of)
Forrestal, James 274n
Forrestal, Michael 69–70, 274, 286, 298, 408
Foucauldian analyses, of war 78–9
of power 119
Foucault, Michel 64
Fox, 20th Century Company 135
Foxconn Corporation 412–3
Foy, Fred C. 340
fractions of capital 9, 53–4, 85–7, 89
free markets 90
Free Masonry 125, 166
free trade 30, 90
Fujiyama, Aiichiro 190, 200
Fukuyama, Francis 548
Fulbright, J. William 477–8
functionalism 3, 33, 78, 86–9, 95–6
für ewig project (Gramsci) 573
Galbraith, Francis J. 489
Galbraith, John Kenneth 556
Gaud, Bill 143
General Construction 140
General Electric (GE) 340
General Instruments company 409
generative dynamics 15
Geneva Accords (1954) 229, 246
Rostow’s misinterpretation of 568
geo-political economy (GPE) 7, 12, 15, 24–6, 33, 44, 51, 56, 60, 63, 102–3
as approach to Asian industrial development 494–501
as approach to chaebol development 375–8
as approach to Philippine development 484–5
as approach to Samsung’s development 348–52
geographical imaginary of 377
transnational dimensions of 34
geoeconomics 24–5, 33, 44–6, 48, 51
geographic imaginary, of neo-Weberianism 353
of GPE 377
geographic mobility, of firms 143–4
geographical-historical analysis 71–2
geopolitical neo-realism 47, 48, 51, 53, 59, 87
geopolitical social 45, 47
geopolitics 4, 12, 24, 25, 32, 33, 40, 44–6, 48, 50, 55, 56, 64, 111, 384
critical 24
influence of on East Asian industrial dynamism 603
geostrategic discourse 24, 26, 45–6
Germany 90
and fascism 549
investors’ interest in Korean market 280
military 76
recovery of capital in 263
role in US postwar plans 181
wages and productivity of labor in steel industry 343
Getz, Stan 540
Gibson, Harold 281
Gidwani, Vinay 12
gift giving 512, 528–35
functions of 547
gendering of 530–1
Gilpatrick, Roswell (Memorandum) 352
Ginsburgh, Robert N. 400
Global North 58, 156
global production networks (GPN s) 257, 347–8
and US Cold War state 351
Japanese 349, 351, 504–5, 507, 511
Taiwanese 385, 409
Global South 5, 6, 58, 80, 130, 156
globalism 206
visionary 173–5
globalization 43, 56, 64, 108, 172
Komer on 157
neoliberal 1, 24–5, 44–5, 47, 52, 58
glocalization 52
Goh Keng Swee 584–5
gold, China’s accumulation of 237
Goldstein, Gordon 69, 74
Good, Paul 544–5
Goodman, Benny 531, 539
governing class 16, 114–5, 117
transnational 512
Gramsci, Antonio 6, 16, 18, 33–4, 48–51, 56–7, 61–2, 78–9, 110–2, 119n, 156
on American Fordism 625–6
on organic intellectuals 562
Poulantzas’ debt to 32
Gramscian geo-political economy 124
challenges to other theories 608–9
Marxist, Gramscian, and Bourdieusien moorings 605
of Pacific ruling class formation 375–8
Gramscian IR/IPE 53
Grand Area 180
Great Britain 37, 95, 203–4
1946 US loan 103
US claims of difference from 450
withdrawal of troops Singapore 485
Great Depression 91
Great Leap Forward 207, 215
Great Torch 5 398–9
Greece 104–5, 127, 162
Communist Party of 105
fascist-royalist forces 130–1
MAP levels and spending 292, 299
war (1948–49) 130, 131
Green, Marshall 264–5, 315
Gregg, Donald, support for Korean reunification 622
Gregory, Derek 44
Grew, Joseph 190, 200
Griswold, Dwight 136
gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), South Korea, Thailand, Philippines 368–9
Grundrisse (Marx) 77
Guam (see Hyundai)
guănxi, definition 527
in the West 528
Gulf Oil 136, 281–4
Guomindang (GMD) 17, 214, 238, 619–20, 623
228 massacre 390
control over banks 417
desire to retake mainland 218
effects of US-PRC normalization 388
forces in Thailand 439
interest in regional institute of science and technology 407
marginalization of 525
participation in Vietnam War 395, 402
retreat from mainland to Taiwan 260, 390
support for at UN 406 (see also China, Nationalists)
Guro industrial complex 280
habitus 111–2
Halberstam, David 563
Halliburton 361
Haney, Al 178–9
Hanjin Corporation 253, 338, 353–6, 377, 439
Hanjin Shipping 355
capital-intensity of operations 355
labor relations 355
OSP contracts 353
Hardt, Michael 64
Harriman, Averell 122, 155, 207, 274, 408
on Rostow 564
Hartz, Louis 100
Harvey, David 25, 41, 43, 52, 74, 81
Hay, John 169
Hearst newspapers 96
heavy industry 256, 353, 392
backing for Kishi in Japan 191
in South Korea 366, 412
in Thailand 417–8
hegemonic labor regime 553
absence of in Thailand 421
at Hanjin 355
in 1990s South Korea 365, 374
vs. despotic labor regime in South Korea 356
hegemonic bloc, trans-Pacific 125
hegemony 26, 28, 35, 36, 40, 47, 49–50, 53, 54, 57, 86, 106–8, 113, 117–8, 123–4, 163
Komer on 156–7
transnational 58–9
US 24
US strategy of in the Philippines 455
US strategy of in South Korea 423
Heinrich, Michael 126
Helms, Richard 428
Henderson, Jeffrey 347
Hess, Martin 347
Hewison, Kevin 415, 419
hierarchy, Asia Pacific regional 499, 503–11
of US loyalty and trust in Asia 474
high mass consumption stage (Rostow) 548
high technology industries, and wage to MVA ratios 508–9
Taiwanese 412
Thai 418
high wage regime 98, 99, 161
Hillsman, Roger 69–70, 224, 268
on China 208–9
“Open Door” speech 215, 221
Hinton, William 229
Hirohito, Emperor 186–8, 222
historical capitalism 126
historical regularities (laws) 61
Hitachi 201
Ho Chi Minh 205–6, 396–7
Acheson on 178
Hobbesian contender states 76, 117
Hobsbawm, Eric, critique of Rostow 570
Holbrooke, Richard Holbrooke 200
Hong Kong 354
Hoover Dam (Boulder Dam) 140
Hoover, Herbert 140
Hornig, Donald, mission to South Korea 347, 531
mission to Taiwan 407
hours worked, in Asia Pacific 509–10
Howze, Hamilton 298, 310, 316
Hu Jintao 1–3, 624
Huang Hua 439
Hughes, Thomas 155, 238
Hummel, Arthur W. 213–4, 230
on Taiwanese development and modernization 394
Humphrey, Hubert 326, 330
Hunt, H.L. 132
Huntington, Samuel 595–6
on military men as modernizers 569
Hutchcroft, Paul 447, 455, 460
Hyundai Corporation 251, 253, 334, 338, 353, 356–66, 374, 412, 436, 439, 476
1980s labor uprising at 365
Alaska bridge project 363
and OSP 496
anti-union tactics 351
Australia dredging project 363
Automotive 363
Construction 358, 360, 363
contracting history 364, 375–6
development of engineering capacity 362–4
difference between Vietnam and Thailand experiences 361
dredging of Cam Ranh Bay 360
electronics ventures 350
engineering and management skills upgrading 360
expansion and Thailand, Vietnam, and Guam ventures 363
expansion into shipbuilding 357, 360
Guam projects 357, 362, 366
Heavy Industries 363
in Vietnam 360–2
Korean War contracts 356
labor organizing at 365
labor problems in Thailand 358
Middle East projects 363
militarization of development 365
military housing construction in Vietnam 362
Osan, airstrip project 362
Pattani-Narathiwat Highway project (Thailand) 359, 434–5
precast concrete (PCa) production 362–3
prefabricated building construction 362–3
projects from Guam projects 357
profits from Vietnam War 362
Ramu underground hydro plant (Papua New Guinea) project 363
rejection of integrated steel mill bid 345
Shipbuilding 363
support for sunshine policy 622
technological upgrading 362–4
I.G. Farben 93
ideal types (Weberian) 15, 127, 159
Ikeda, Hayato 170–1, 305
illicit accumulators incident (South Korea) 255, 272, 280, 283, 287
imperialism 26, 41, 77–8
Soviet 204–6
US 43–4, 47, 336
import-substitution industrialization (ISI) 62, 254, 256, 261, 278, 300, 381, 447
in the Philippines 457
Inayama, Yoshihiro 201, 341, 345–6
Inchon 354
India 38, 293
Komer on state-funded integrated steel mill in 155
Indonesia 293, 502
1965–66 violence 177
industrial capacity, in Japan 195–6
in the Philippines compared to South Korea and Thailand 458
industrial capital 89–90
Japanese 186
Industrial Development Corporation 288
industrial growth, different patterns of in Asia 383
industrial policy 7–8, 10–11, 92, 381
and different kinds of industries 392
in India 254
in South Korea 254–5, 278–86, 300, 416
in Thailand 414
in the Philippines 447, 457–8
industrial transformation 2, 3, 4–6, 8, 11, 12, 163, 165
characterization of 13–14
in Asia 4
in South Korea 366
in Thailand 438
regional variegation 389
industrialization (see industrial transformation)
industrial development (see industrial transformation)
industrialists, and ISI in the Philippines 457
Japanese 190
US 191
inflation 93, 302
in Vietnam 333
information and communication technology (ICT) 392
on Taiwan 410
infrastructural development 161
in Thailand 417, 431–2
Ingersoll, Robert 200
Innace, Joseph 341, 343, 346
intellectuals 56–7, 112, 117, 127
Interdepartmental Group for East Asia and Pacific Affairs 386–7
interest rates 9
differences, between Thailand, South Korea and Taiwan 416
in Thailand 415
in the Philippines 460
Interest Restriction Act (South Korea) 416
intermediate goods sector 505
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (see World Bank)
International Club of Washington 151
International Cooperation Administration (ICA) 262
International Monetary Fund (IMF) 58, 449, 507
Marcos’ cooperation with 478
structural adjustment program in Thailand 613
structural adjustment program in South Korea 617
international political economy (IPE) 25, 40
international relations (IR) 25, 34, 40, 55–6
internationalization, of capital 53, 56, 97–9
of the state 52–3, 327
interpretations of development outcomes 67
Investment Commission, Taiwan Ministry of Economic Affairs 409
investor confidence 83
Ireland 391
Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries (IHI) 350, 493
isolationism, US 175
Italy 37, 57
J.A. Jones Construction 332
J.F. Shea 140
J.P. Morgan 591
Janvry, Alain de 449
Japan 91, 95, 163, 172, 245, 250, 354, 503–4
1955 system 189
1957 security treaty with US 191–2
1960 security treaty 192
and US-PRC normalization 389
as construction state 368
as developmental success story 558–9
as regional sub-hegemon 371
business elite’s opposition to economic de-concentration 185
business leaders in 198
capital share of output in 184
Cold War trade with China 503
colonial legacies in China, Korea, and Taiwan 177, 242, 243, 257
colonial rule, in China 164–5
colonial rule, in Korea 164–5
constitution and Article 9 621
control of key technologies and production processes 505
economic competition with US 239–40, 304
economic de-concentration 185–6
effects of Korean War on 259–60
effects of Nixon shocks on 388
electoral system 183
exports 196
FDI 385, 445
feudal landlords in 181–2
financial interests and backing for Yoshida 191
high yen endaka 385
induction of industry into the US MIC 199
industrial relations system 184–5
industrial transformation 198–9
investment in Philippines 483
labor 192
labor, hours worked 184
labor market segmentation and gendering 184–5
labor militancy in 183
labor reform 183–185
land reform 181–183
landed elites 181
LDP hegemony 551
military 76, 190
leftist political activities 183
military plants 193–4
occupation of Vietnam 244
offshore expansion of firms 620–1
organized labor 192
political reform 186–199
popular movements 182
post-World War II growth and links with US 504–5
postwar recovery 176, 198–9, 263
production of bombs 197
production of military aircraft guidance systems 196–7
rearmament 192–3
reform of emperor system 186–8
reform of military 186, 192–9
reform of parties and parliament 186, 189–192
relations with China and Southeast Asia 181, 240
relations with South Korea 240
relations with Taiwan 240
role in chaebol expansion 253
reverse course 185, 194, 243
role in US postwar plans 180
Socialist Party 189, 191
socially disarticulated growth in 184
structural corruption 191
support for POSCO from steel and trading companies 342
tension with US over trade deficits 245
trade with China 196, 233–40
trade with US 196
trading companies 185, 256–7
union leaders 190
union membership 184
US occupation of 179–202
wages 184
wages and productivity of steel workers 343
Japan Airlines 201
Japan Federation of Economic Organizations (JFEO) 278–9
Japan Group, assistance to POSCO 342
Japan-Korea Normalization Treaty 253, 280, 286, 307–8
Japan/Korea-West Canada Freight Conference 355
Japanese Iron and Steel Federation 341
Jenkins, Alfred 209–10, 216
analysis of China 220–229
on Taiwanese development 394
opposition to Jiang’s proposals to retake mainland 400
Jessop, Bob 15, 43, 71–3, 110
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) 133–4, 202, 207, 213–4, 232, 238, 243, 260, 372
absence from Manila conference 523
attempts to re-insert ROC forces in regional anticommunist alliance 523
decline of influence 407
desire to retake mainland 211, 390, 395–403
desire to support US war effort 395–403
effects on of US-PRC normalization 388
Johnson administration 127, 307
and Singapore 486
China-watcher’s analyses 208–233
on Japanese trade with China 239
planning for Manila Conference 514
policies toward China 209–10, 232
political project in Thailand 424
promotion of Japan-Korea normalization 305–6
request for Korean combat troops 322–3
Johnson, Chalmers 8, 120, 196–7, 229, 620
Johnson, Lady Bird 536
gifts from (gendering of) 530, 532
luncheon for in Seoul 537–8
Johnson, Lyndon B. (LBJ) 141–2, 152, 170–2, 177, 213, 231–2, 274, 305, 316n, 428, 512
and Brown brothers 361
criticisms of Philippines journalists 520
funding of Philippines forces 463
gifts for Park Chung Hee 531–2, 535
gift for Yi Tong-wŏn and wife 532
negotiations with Marcos over OSP 470
on opening statement for Manila Conference 517
request for Thai troops in Vietnam 436
statement about Asia at Manila Conference 517–8
trust in southerners 122, 224
understanding of Vietnam as like central Texas 560
use of height (Johnson treatment) 520
Johnson, Robert 269
Johnson, U. Alexis 245, 294
support for Sarit dictatorship 420–1
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), US 266, 268, 271, 298, 399
Komer’s criticisms of 405
report on Great Torch 5 400–1
support for bombing 556
Joint Presidential Task Force 298
Joint State-Defense Study Group 400
Jones, Frank Leith 149, 156
Jorden, William 197, 530–1
rejection of Marcos’ request 476
journalists, cultivation by government officials 554
Jurong Shipyard 490n
relationship with Japanese firms 493
Kahin, George McT. 475n
Kaiser 140
Kaldor, Nicholas 71
Kaname Akamatsu 503
Kansai Electric Power 201
Kaohsiung Export Processing Zone (KEPZ) 409
Katzenbach, Nicholas, instructions on gift inventory 533–4
on Rostow 567
Kautsky, Karl 78
Kaya, Okinori 200
Kaysen, Carl 153, 207, 292
Keidanren 201
keiretsu networks 8–9, 186
Kennan, George 200
on China 177–8
on Latin America 450–1
Kennedy administration 122, 127, 277
intellectuals in 563–4
policies toward China 209
promotion of Japan-Korea normalization 304
Rostow and economic aid programs of 569
Kennedy, John F. (JFK) 132–4, 148, 156, 265, 269–70, 274, 277, 281–2, 289, 293, 295, 296
and new frontier 579
anticommunism of 207
funeral 461
refusal of royal decorations 534
Keppel FESL, investment in building and repair of oil rigs 493–4
Keppel Shipyards 486, 492n
transformation of 489–90
Kern, Harry 190
Keynes, John Maynard 90
Keynesian National Welfare State (KNWS) 8, 11, 47, 109, 162
Keynesian-Fordist projects, as anticommunist 548
Keynesianism 99, 107
influence of policies on Rostow 565
military 107–8, 143–4
warfare-welfare state 96
Kim Chŏng-p’il (Kim Jong-pil) 274–7, 282, 294, 336, 423, 447
and normalization negotiations 305, 308
role in 1963 elections 277
role in stock market scandal 288
Kim Dae-jung 617–9
criticisms of AV arguments 598
Kim Hyun-chul 312n, 313, 321, 323, 329, 332, 335, 336
on South Korea’s development plans 524
Kim Il Sung 242–3
Kim, In-Young 367–8
Kim, Junki 344
Kim, Shee Poon 442
Kim, Soohaeng 258, 581
Kishi Nobusuke 190–1, 193, 200, 304
views on Park Chung Hee regime 308
Kissinger, Henry 1, 155, 200, 228–9, 247, 279, 386, 388–9, 490
and US-PRC normalization 439–40
on Singapore 493
on the Philippines 451, 477–9
support for 1971 Thai coup 430
Knudsen, Morris Hans 140
Kodama, Yoshio 190, 200
Koje Island 131n
Kolko, Gabriel 113, 116, 118–9, 121–2, 157
on Rostow and Kennedy intellectuals 568
Kollek, Teddy 152
Komer, Robert 122, 127–8, 135, 137–8, 142–3, 147–58, 159–62, 207n, 213–4, 216, 225, 230, 285, 305, 326, 361, 388–9, 473
class politics of 154–5, 158
comments on Philippines 464
criticisms of Rostow 562, 567
desire for reduced military spending in Korea 263–4, 286
heading up of Vietnam pacification campaign 333
Focus piece 156
mix studies and ROC 405
on arms control 211
on possibilities for allies’ civil support 518
promotion of normalization treaty 315
proposed gift for Macapagal 533
support for oil companies 151
views on African-American groups 152
views on recognition of PRC and Vietnam War 210–1
views on South Korean student demonstrations 309
views on South Korean troops and MAP 289–99
writings for Rand Corporation 562
Kondratieff, Nikolai 572
Koppers Company 340
Korea 127
under Japanese colonialism 504
US occupation of 242 (see also South Korea)
Korea, Republic of (ROK) (see South Korea)
Korea Fertilizer Co. 283
Korea International Steel Associates (KISA) 340
Korea Oil Corporation 284
Korea Shipbuilding and Engineering Company (KSEC) shipyard, union struggle at 356
Korea Shipping Corporation 355
Korea Society 134
Korea University 317
Korean Airlines 354
Korean armistice (1953) 132
Korean Broadcasting Company 358
Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) 288, 356
stock market manipulation 273
Korean Communist Party 243–4
Korean Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) 347, 350–1, 407, 531
LBJ visit to 525
Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff 330
Korean Military Academy 131
Korean Seaman’s Union 355
Korean War (1951–53) 18, 108, 130, 131, 163–4, 177, 194–5, 204, 206
class and nationalist foundations of 607
effect on US OSP in Japan 196
effects on shaping of Cold War anticommunist alliance 242–4
effects on social transformation in East Asia 259–60
impact on Japanese reindustrialization 251
impact on Taiwan’s growth 393
impact on trade between Japan and China 234–5
Monument (Washington, DC) 131
Koryŏ 355
Kramer, Paul 449–50
Krugman, Paul 510
Krulak, Victor 153
Kung Kuan airfield (Taiwan) 404–5
kusadae 351
and repression of Hyundai workers 365
Kuznets, Simon 572
Kwa Geok Choo, gifts from LBJ and Lady Bird to 530
Kwangju Massacre (1980) 372, 617, 622
labor 9, 47
labor accord 90, 97, 99, 106
labor productivity, in Japan 184
Philippine-South Korean contrasts 499
labor unions 55, 98, 140, 550
banning of in Thailand 423
growth of in postwar Japan 183
legalization of in Thailand 424
repression of in Asia 553
US 106
labor-intensive industries 98–9, 256
and Japan’s postwar growth 184
in Thailand 418
Lacey, John A. 222, 230
analysis of China 215–6
Lamarckianism 589
Lamsam family 415
land reform 161
effects of in Japan 181–3
failure of in the Philippines 449, 458–9
in Asia 165
in China 182, 225–9
in North Korea 182
Komer on 157–8
on Taiwan 260, 393
opposition to by Thai elites 431
peasant desire for 243
racial dimension in Japan 182
Lansdale, Edward G. 458
on “demonstration effect” 246
Laos, 1962 crisis 217
Laotian War 163
Latham, Michael, on Rostow 564
Latin America 95
and land reform 449
leaders’ conversations with Rostow about take-off 580
Laurel/Langley Agreement (1955) 478, 480
law of large numbers 39, 61
Lawson, Tony 71
leadership conferences 121
choreography of 512
functions of 547
Ledesma, Oscar, promise of support for US war in Vietnam 461
request for expanded sugar exports to US 463
Lee Kuan Yew 18, 493
affinities with Western neo-liberals and neo-conservatives 584, 592
and conversion of colonial project to class project 597–8
and invocation of political crisis 587
and military modernizers 595–6
and modernization-theoretic developmentalism 595–6
and reproduction of colonial thought 589–90
and reproduction of colonial tutelage period through AV 598
anti-union policies 591
as critic of welfare spending 584, 592
as organic intellectual of Pacific Ruling Class 487, 563, 582–600
as problem for US policy-makers 583
as proponent of authoritarian anticommunist developmentalism 586–7
attitudes toward US 487–8
AV claims 592–3
background and upbringing 585–6
class component of elitism 590
criticism of Philippines and press freedom 598
differences from Marcos 583
differences from Rostow 583–9
discontent with Nixon administration 588
dislike of US counter-culture and anti-war movement 588–9, 594–6
doubts about the utility of US bombing 583
elitism and authoritarianism 588–9
enrolment in Cambridge 613
enrolment in Japanese school 585
food during state visit 536
geneticism and environmental determinism 589
gifts from LBJ and Lady Bird to 530
head of state visit to US 487–8
involvement in Sembcorp and Keppel 494
meritocratic outlook 613
misinterpretation of Korean and Vietnam Wars 607
on capitalists and state managers 591
on chaebol leaders 599
on class racialization, gendering, and eugenic rationalization 591
on conditions necessary for societal development 597
on Confucian basis for developmental success 592, 594
on deep sense of property 592
on democracy 595
on importance of Vietnam War to East Asian dynamism 607
on Kim Dae Jung and Korea 598–9
on labor leaders 591
on leadership and the herd 597
on Mahathir Mohamad’s book 590–1
on need for societal discipline and authoritarianism 595
on press freedom 598
on students as elite leaders 586
on trials of Chun Doo Hwan and Roh Tae Woo 599
on US bankers 591
on White House dinners 535–6
opposition to egalitarian social order 593
performative assets of AV discourse 593–600
praise for Margaret Thatcher 592
relationship with British leaders 587
relationship with US leaders 587–8
request for US forces to use British naval and air facilities 584
Rostowian sensibilities 593, 595
self-identification as socialist 586
sense of racial hierarchy 593
shift from AV to Confucian values 593
similarities to and differences from Mills’ thought 595
similarity to views of Samuel Huntington 595
support for Reaganism 592
support for US war in Vietnam 488, 582, 588
uniqueness of 487
US attitudes toward 486–9
work in Japanese Propaganda Department 585–6
worries about British withdrawal 486
Lee Myung Bak 618
and Pattani-Narathiwat Highway project 360
Lee, Byeong-Cheon 259
Lee, Seung-Ook 34
Leffler, Melvin 48, 74
Legislative Reference Service, US 361
Lehman Brothers 489
Lemnitzer, Lyman 266, 298
Lenin, Vladamir 40, 78
Li, K.T. 408, 412
Liao-Takasaki trade agreement 236
liberal capitalism, and interpersonal relations 528
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) (Japan) 183, 188, 190
big business financing of 189
liberal internationalism 54, 97–109 passim, 130, 162, 173–5, 180
Liberal Party (Japan) 190–1
Liberal Party (Philippines) 481
support for US 465
liberal social theory 29, 31, 60–1
Lie, John 250–1
Linder, Marc 373–4, 499
linkages, between wages and productivity 505
between industries 505
Linnen, James III, gifts to and from King of Thailand 531
Lippmann, Walter 155–6
Little, Ian 381
Lockean heartland 76, 117, 125, 162
Lockean liberalism 166
Lockheed aircraft company 191–2, 200
Lodge, Henry Cabot 147, 396–7
attack on Yun Posŏn 316–7
Lottery Bureau (Thailand) 424
Lotus project 424–31
low intensity conflict 38
Lucky Goldstar (LG) 353, 377, 439
Luttwak, Edward 44
Luxemburg, Rosa 40, 78–80
Macapagal, Diosdado 461, 464, 465
defeat in 1965 elections 466
gift to LBJ 532–3
liberalization under 458
Vietnam assistance bill 469
visit to JFK’s grave 534–5
MacArthur Line 306–7
MacArthur, Douglas 180–200 passim, 270
crossing of the Yalu River 243
on trade between Japan and China 234
Orientalism of 187
Machiavelli, Nicolai 34, 36, 154–5
Machover, Moshe 159
Magruder, Carter 264–5, 267
Magsaysay, Ramon 458
Malaysia 164, 502
Manchuria, Japanese occupation of 242, 504
Manila Conference (1966) 513–27, 553, 556
and reconfirmation of regional hierarchy 525–7
and unity around the Vietnam War effort 521
hawk vs. dove line at 517
images from 518–522
Manila Procurement Information Office 470
manufacturing capital 9, 54, 55
Many Flags program (More Flags program) 311–2, 436, 461–2, 475n, 513
limited support for in Philippines 460–1
Mao Zedong 78, 208, 228–9
and US-PRC normalization 439
Maoism 179, 214–233
MAP assistance, South Korea, Thailand, Philippines 368–9
MAP transfer 289, 296, 310, 313
suspension of for South Korea 323, 325, 327
Marcos dictatorship 476–85
attacks on popular organizations 556
dependence on US support 480–2
protest against 480
Marcos-Johnson joint communiqué 471–3
Marcos, Ferdinand, and planning of Manila Conference 514–6
as Philippine Senate President 465
at Manila Conference 517, 519
aggravation at Symington Committee report 477–8
attempted theft of 1985 Presidential Elections 483
attempts to obtain OSP for Philippines 469–73
competition for San Miguel brewing company 476
consideration of left-leaning nationalists for cabinet 468
declaration of martial law 479, 551
desire for development assistance 557
gift to LBJ 530
head of state visit to US 467, 514, 536–8
ouster of 611
promotion of construction industry 499
re-election 477
reliance on technocrats 482
support for bombing pause in Vietnam 474, 524
support for Philippine troop commitments to Vietnam 467
US attempt to woo 466
victory in 1965 elections 466
withdrawal of PHILCAG mission 471
Marcos, Imelda 530
state dinner 537
US diplomats’ characterizations of 546–7
marine industrial cluster, importance of in Singapore 494
market discipline 68
market relations, impersonal 528
marketing networks, importance of 256, 348
Marks, Leonard 554–5
Marshall Plan 94, 103, 108
Marshall, George 105
on “phony nationalism” 205
Martin, Graham 428, 434, 528–9
and Lotus project 425
reflections on Thai government 425–6
response to criticisms of Queen’s wardrobe expenses 555
Marx, Karl 9, 29, 77, 79–82, 89, 111–2, 125–6, 373
analysis of capitalist contradictions 373
journalism of 77
observations about British colonialism in India 206, 574
on equal rights and force 81
on social movements and poetry of the future 627
value theory 159
Marxism 2, 6, 16, 27, 29, 33, 73–87 passim
approaches to class 110–125
core-periphery versions 80
on violence 79–89
state theory 43, 52
Marxism-Leninism, US planners’ perceptions of 208
Mashbir, Sidney 187
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 565
McAvoy, Clyde 191
McCarthyism 175
McConaughy, Walter P. 230, 270, 397
McCormick, Gavan 184
McCoy, Alfred 95, 451, 453–4
McDonald & Kahn 140
McMahon, Robert J. 382
McNamara, Robert 122, 224, 298–9, 326, 398, 400
distress over Vietnam War 567
Komer’s assessment of 154
on Thai MAP levels 523
reticence about bombing 556
media, repression by Thai state 420
role in securing hegemony of Japanese emperor system 187–8
Melby, John F. 229
Meloy, Guy S. 297
merchant capital 9
methodological nationalism 4, 34, 52, 53–4n
methodology 60–69
middle class, in South Korea vs. Philippines and Thailand 373
Rostow’s account of 577
Middle East 4–5, 43–4, 67, 141, 248, 252
and US Orientalism 451
Hanjin’s expansion to 354
Hyundai projects in 357
Miliband, Ralph 40
militarism 2–3, 5, 77, 128
militarization, as path-dependent process in Korean society 372
gender, racial, and class basis 95
Military Assistance Program (MAP) 289–301, 305, 310
for Philippines 461
for ROC 405
Military Bases Agreement (1946), in Philippines 456, 478–9
military capital 11
military capitalism 366–76
military contracting 143
effects on technological development 241
use of by US planners 252
military dictatorship, and post-Vietnam War Asia 552
in Philippines 550–1
in Thailand 550–1
military elites 118, 120–2
Korean 132
military industrial capital 92, 96, 160
military industrialists 127, 130, 159
military institutions 121
military interests 119, 120
military Keynesianism 92–3, 155, 194, 241
in Japan 193
military leaders 4
Komer’s assessment of 156
request for Thai troops in Vietnam 435
military men 127, 128, 159
military personnel 84–5
military policy 289–301
in South Korea 300
military procurement 146–7, 352
by Taiwan 402 (see, also, OSP)
military spending 87
Komer’s plans to reduce 153
military-industrial complex (MIC), US 4, 10–12, 16, 37, 76–9, 88, 92–109, 118, 120, 122, 126–7, 165, 177, 179, 193, 241, 253, 258, 285, 353
and Middle East connections 248
and military industries in Vietnam 65
expansion of in South Korea 251
Hyundai participation in 361
Korean induction into 331
opposition to democracy in South Korea 372–3
opposition to Taiwan ammunition OSP 404
South Korean MIC 388
military-industrial-university-entertainment complex 76
Mill, John Stuart, comparison with Rostow 564
on colonial tutelage 597
on race, work, and development 595
Millikan, Max 565, 569
work with Rostow at MIT 567
Mills, C. Wright 16, 79, 118–28 passim, 609
methodology 122
Milne, David, on Rostow 564–5, 571
Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Japan 190
Ministry of Finance, South Korea 287
Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan (MITI) 193, 198, 201
Ministry of National Development (Thailand) 432–3
Minolta 350
missionaries 230
Mitchell, Tim 30
Mitsubishi 185, 201, 346
Mitsui 185, 283, 350
mix studies 292–9 passim
Miyazawa, Kiichi 201
modernization 18, 171
modernization theory 154
and authoritarian anticommunist developmental broad front 580
and Korean intellectuals 552
and language for shared class agenda 582
and support for military dictatorship 372
as fungible language of geo-political economic diplomacy 580
as trans-Pacific project 581–2
on ruling classes of the post-colonial countries 578
popularity of in Global South 579
Rostow’s approach as class project 562
molecular/capitalist processes 44 (see also territorial processes)
Mondale, Walter 200
money-capital concept 89–90
monopoly 41
monopoly capital 78
Monsanto 135
Morrison Knudsen (MK) company 127, 1407, 331, 361, 374, 434
Morrison, Harry W. 140
Morton, Adam David 34, 56
Motorola Corporation 135–7, 137n, 285
OSP on Taiwan 410
mottled colonialism, in Southeast Asia 164–5
Moyers, Bill 516
My Lai massacre 133
Nacionalista Party (Philippines) 463
support for US 465
victory in 1965 elections 466
opposition to Liberal Party troop bill 465
Nagano, Shigeo 201
Nagar, Richa 570
Nam, Hwasook 355–6
Namgung Yŏn 272, 280, 284–5
antagonism to unions 355
Nathan and Associates 278
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), US 251–2, 353
database 368–9
national culture essentialisms 528
National Intelligence Estimates (NIE s) 148
on ROC 211
national interest 46–8, 56, 62, 336
National Reclamation Act of 1902 (US) 140
national security 87–8, 93, 336
National Security Action Memorandum (NSAM) 106 386–7
151 305
2447 292
298 299, 310
National Security Advisor 148
National Security Decision Memorandum (NSDM) 105 387
155 387
17 386
170 387
national security state, South Korean 259, 356, 372
National Security Study Memorandum (NSSM) 124, 387
14 386
141 387
155 479
national welfare 47
nationalism 36, 85
and communism 206
in Asia 165, 204
in Vietnam 65, 178, 230–1
radical 165–6
US leaders’ opposition to 205
nationalization of banks 9
of South Korean banks 272, 287–8
Native Americans, and European settler colonialism 79–80
Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NFEC), US 332
Navy Bureau of Yards and Docks, US 332
Naya, Seiji 370, 438, 476
Ne Win coup, in Burma 293
nébuleuse 59
NEC 350
necessary illusions 174
Negri, Antonio 64
Nehru, Jawaharlal 203–6
neo-classical economics 62–3
neo-Gramscian IR scholarship 34, 40
neo-Weberian analyses 4, 6–7, 10–2, 50, 60, 62–4, 254–8, 280, 302, 338–9
developmental state model 373
of East Asian development 447, 604–8
of developmental states and GPN s 350
of Taiwanese development 408
of the Korean developmental state 338
of the Philippines 447
limits of geographical imaginary 368, 376, 384
neoclassical economics 77, 201
neoconservatives 201
neoliberal accounts, of East Asian development 604–8
neoliberal economists 381
neoliberal globalization (see globalization, neoliberal)
neoliberalism 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 53, 55, 62, 67, 301
Neptune Orient Lines (NOL) 490n, 493
New Austrian Tunneling Method 363
New Deal 96–9, 106, 109, 139, 174
New Deal synthesis 90, 92, 96, 99, 102–3
New Frontier 155, 578–9
New York Times, praise for Marcos 482
Newcomen Society 143
newly industrializing countries (NIC s) 5
Asian 14–5
Nippon Steel Corporation 201, 342
nirvana, and Marxist thought 572n
Nissan 201
Nitze, Paul 107, 428
Nixon administration 203, 246
and Singapore 486
antagonism toward Japan over trade deficit 445
efforts to split PRC from USSR 445
expansion of Singaporean OSP 490
normalization of relations with PRC 232, 233, 247, 386–8
on Japanese trade with China 239
political project in Thailand 424
reduction of military spending in Thailand 442–3
relations with the Philippines 477–8
Nixon doctrine 479
Nixon shocks 240, 387–8, 439
challenges to US Vietnam War allies 442, 476
Nixon, Richard M. 133, 386–8
and US-PRC normalization 439
gift for Thai monarchy 529
support for 1971 Thai coup 430
visit to China 342, 440
Nomura Corporation 362
non-developmental state 11
in Thailand 460
normalization of Japan-South Korea relations 269, 271, 279, 280, 301–310, 315–6, 377
1965 protests against treaty ratification 317
reparations to be paid to South Korea by Japan 306
treaty and class-fractional “average” 337
treaty and Japanese funding for integrated Korean steel mill 339–46
treaty approval by Korean parliament 330
treaty consequences for Samsung 347
normalization of relations between the US and China 231, 388
North Atlantic Fordism 175
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 94
North Korea 349
North Vietnam 397
NSC 41 234
NSC 48 108, 186
NSC 6018 262, 271
NSC 68 106, 108
nuclear power plant, Kim’s request for 524
nuclear weapons 132
US storage of in Japan 192
O’Conner, James 40
OECD countries 367
offshore procurement (OSP) 10–11, 251
and development of engineering skills 370
and South Korea manufactured exports, GDP 370
and technological upgrading 370
by South Korean firms 286, 296, 318–28, 352
by Taiwan 394
effects on Korean industrial transformation 356, 368
for ROC seamen 405
importance to Japan’s growth 327
in Japan 193–9
in the Philippines 469
revenue of Korean construction firms from 367
South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand comparisons 437–8
South Korea, Thailand, Philippines comparisons 368–9
Taiwan-South Korea comparisons 410
unique benefits 382
offshoring of production, effects on Korean wages 374
Ogle, George 351, 365
Ohmae, Keniche 44
oil prices 302
Okamoto, Yoichi 519
Okinori, Kaya 191
Okita, Saburo 201
oligopoly 41
Onaran, Özlem 418n
ontology 15, 29–31, 44, 51, 55
Open Door notes 169
Operation Vanguard 405–6
organic intellectuals 18, 28, 33–4, 36, 48–51, 56–8, 64, 113, 128
as integral to Pacific ruling class formation 558, 561
transnational 59
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 248
Orientalism 177, 186, 189, 451
among US diplomats 543
in European colonies 453
of US elites in Thailand 422, 543–4
overaccumulation crises 87
overdetermination 86
of differing industrial patterns 384
overproduction 96
overproduction/underconsumption crises 179
overseas Chinese business networks 527
and Pacific ruling class formation 407
Owen, Henry 568
Pacific Declaration 517
Pacific ruling class 4, 12, 15–6, 18–9, 60, 68, 79, 94, 113–4, 122, 124–5, 161, 165–6, 172–3, 336, 353, 378, 518
and authoritarian anticommunist developmentalism 561, 563
and deferral of democracy 549
and hierarchical social and industrial relations 602
and regional developmental dynamism 610
authoritarian tendencies of 625–6
differences from Atlantic ruling class 601–3
enrollment of Japan into 180, 193, 199–200
expansion of in South Korea 251
formation 162, 166, 179, 199–202, 234, 327, 502, 583
Hyundai owners’ participation in 361
incorporation of South Korean and Taiwanese elites 243, 346
organic intellectuals of 561
privilege, and press censorship 547, 556
racialization of transnational cultural interchange 540, 546
success of and undermining of Atlantic Fordism 626
Pacific Westbound Conference 355
pacification campaign (Vietnam) 127, 148, 333, 388
Pacificist perspective 94–5
Pak T’ae-choon (Park Tae-joon) 339, 345–6
opposition to labor unions and paternalism 343
Pakistan 142
and Many Flags program 312
Park Chung Hee 17, 136, 275, 280–1, 283, 289, 295–6, 305, 307, 329, 336, 372, 430, 516, 519–20, 618
1961 coup 261, 264, 356
1963 elections 294
1965 head of state visit 134, 316
and AV arguments 599
and demonstration elections 550
and LBJ Seoul visit 524
character of 535
conversation with Rostow about take-off 580n
demand of death sentence for Chang 267
desire for national steel industry 339
dictatorship and US acceptance of 551
disappointment at venue for Manila Conference 515
exhortation of Hyundai 357
favorable attitude toward normalization 303
involvement with Communist Party after World War II 268–9
meeting with LBJ before Manila Conference 517
music for state visit 538
promise of elections 277
repression of normalization treaty protests 308
request for increased OSP opportunities 318, 327–9
response to Nixon shocks 442
Park Chung Hee, state dinner 537
suggestion for meeting of troop providing countries 514
support for US bombing in Vietnam 474
Park Chung Hee regime 255, 271–3, 278, 284, 287–8, 290–1, 300, 302, 337, 346, 371, 423
acceptance of by the US 268
anti-democratic proclivities 309
assault on demonstrators against normalization 556
effects of Nixon shocks on 388
offer of troops for Vietnam War 311–3
repression of domestic opposition and labor 258
stalling on normalization treaty 309
Park, Bae-Gyoon 43
on “construction-oriented state” in South Korea 368
Park, Seung-Ho 258
paternalism, and imperial planning 573
and US views of Filippinos 450–2
and labor regimes in South Korean chaebol 365
path-dependence 5, 95
in East Asian development 391
neo-Weberian accounts of 391
patriarchal sensibility (sexism) 135
Pattani-Narathiwat Highway 376
Hyundai’s construction of 357–9 (see, also, Thailand)
peace dividend 2–3
Peace Line (see Rhee Line)
Pearce, Kimber Charles 569
on Rostow 564
peasant struggles, in Asia 165
Rostow’s account of 577
Peck, James 173–179, 203–6, 209
Pentagon (see US Department of Defense)
People’s Action Party (PAP), Singapore 485
ability to suppress labor activism 487
and anticommunist leadership 597
and strategy of hegemony 487
Lee Kuan Yew as head of 587
opposition to liberal reform 593
People’s Republic of China (see China, People’s Republic of)
Peralta, Macario 466
support for sending Philippine troops to Vietnam 465
Perelman, Michael 77
performance criteria, absence of in Thailand 418
permanent revolution 37–38
personification, of classes and fractions 74
of economic categories 126
of tendencies 159
petrochemical industry, in Japan 196
in Singapore 492
on Taiwan 408
Phao Sriyanon 420
trip to PRC 440
Phibul regime 423
subordination of monarchy 421
Phibul Songkhram 420
relations with PRC 440
Philippine Central Bank, import and exchange controls 457
domination of by cronies 460
Philippine Civic Action Group (PHILCAG) 472, 479
Philippine Communist Party (Hukbalahap) 458
Philippine Daily Mirror 553
Philippine Labor Department 459
Philippines, the 8, 95, 164, 165, 245, 383, 447–485
1972 coup 552
1985 Presidential elections 483
agricultural development in 482
and US-PRC normalization 389
balance of payments 478
changing relations with the PRC 483
class stratification 455, 612
coconut exports from 452
constabulary 454
construction firms’ internationalization 499
contract workers in Vietnam 332–3
contrasts with South Korean construction firms in Middle East 499
contrasts with Thai infrastructure 499
development prospects compared to South Korea and Thailand 551
differences in socio-spatial position from South Korea 384
economic growth 477, 482
engineering battalion for Vietnam 461, 463, 466
immigration 450, 459
journalists’ criticisms of Manila Conference 520
labor organizations and repression 552
labor relations in 478, 481
landed oligarchy in 452, 455, 457, 478
landholding structure 452–3, 455
leaders’ concerns about Brown memorandum 335–6
leaders’ concerns about Manila Conference 517
liberalization in 449
limits of OSP opportunities 471
low productivity of agro-exports 482
maldevelopment in 447–8
manufactured exports to Vietnam 476
manufacturing growth 457
manufacturing output in 1960s 475
medical platoons 461
military budget 482
military, US military’s role in development of 456–7
nationalist politicians 453–4
neoliberalization of 478
oligarchy’s dominance of political economy 459–60
overflight of territory by US B-52s 469
patronage politics in 454, 458
politics of scandal 454, 458
Presidential election (1965) 465
press freedoms in 1960s 553
press opposition to US policies in Vietnam 465
race, and racial formation in 450–2
relationship to US-Japan-China triangle 483–4
secrecy in negotiations with US 463
Senate, debate over Task Force 465
special forces 461
state policies favoring extended ISI 447
state, and bureaucratic polity argument 419
sugar and tobacco exports 455–6
sugar barons and EOI 452, 457
sugar quota (US) 452, 478
Supreme Court, decision in Philippines vs. Quasha 480–1
taipans 483–4
technological upgrading, limits of 483
troops for Vietnam 312, 461–3, 469
US land ownership rights in 480
wages 481–2, 499
withdrawal of forces from Vietnam 477
Pijl, Kees van der 15–6, 53–4n, 54–6, 58–9, 60, 76, 79, 89–90, 99, 102, 116–7, 124–5, 250, 600–1, 609
pilferage, of US Vietnam War materials 361
ping pong diplomacy 441
PL-480, US, foodstuffs sent to South Korea under 313
plan rational bureaucracy 63
planners 153
Korean 285
US 241, 419–20
Plaza Accords, and Japanese economic slowdown 620
and yen appreciation 445
effects on Asia Pacific development 511
effects on Thailand 483
Poats, Rutherford 143
Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO) 253, 338–46, 351, 353–5, 377
as state enterprise 345
class and labor relations in 343–5
domination of domestic market 345
paternalistic model of labor relations 345
pay and working conditions 343
profitability 345
rate of exploitation 344
reparations from Japan diverted to 340–1
state support for 345
wages and productivity of labor 343
polarization, social 2
Polgar, Tom 179
police 35, 82, 88, 94–5
production of goods for 84–5
policing 48, 81–4
in the Philippines 451
Policy Planning Council (US), opposition to attacking Chinese nuclear facilities 401
political blocs 28, 40, 45–6, 54–6, 62, 114, 120
political economy 24–5, 27, 32, 44, 50, 55–6
of warfare 37 (see, also geo-political economy)
political struggle 35, 38, 55
population control 161
Port Authority of Singapore, transformation of 489
Porter, Philip 570
post-Cold War globalization (see globalization, neoliberal)
post-developmentalism 12
Pote Sarasin 431–2n, 433
on 1969 Thai elections 429
on 1971 coup and democracy in Thailand 430
Poulantzas, Nicos 31–32, 40, 52–3, 115
power 64–9
power elite 16, 118, 121, 124
power elite approach, differences from Gramscian geo-political economy 609–10
Prados, John, on Rostow 564
Praphat Charusathien, and PRC table tennis team visit to Thailand 441
hesitance about Thai-PRC normalization 442
opposition to elections 425
Prasert Sapsunthorn 429
Prasit Kanchanawat, and Canton Trade Fair 441
and expansion of Bankok Bank into PRC 444
and US-PRC normalization 439–40
trip to Beijing 440
pre-capitalist class formations 86
practices 117
Pridi Banomyang 427
and Thai reform agenda 420
Prime Contracts 369
primitive accumulation 77–81
as ontological condition of capitalist production 81
ongoing 80–2
Prison Notebooks (Gramsci) 29, 33–5
prison-industrial complex 81–2
private security forces 82
pro-capitalist approaches, to the study of development 6
to East Asian development 605
procurement, military 84–5
production 32, 51, 55
production goods sector 505
production vs. nonproduction labor 82–5
productive-capital concept 89–90, 92–3
productivity, Thai manufacturing contrasted to South Korea and Taiwan 418
professionals 113, 151
profit 48, 83, 118
rates in Thai manufacturing 418, 421
distribution of between fractions of capital 91
proletarianization 80
property relations 83
protectionism 381
US 302
psychological analysis of leaders 158
among US China specialists 221
public intellectuals 146–7
Pueblo incident (Korea) 599
Queen Frederika 131
Quezon, Manuel 454
Race, Jeffrey, study of communist recruitment in South Vietnam 568
racism, among US elites 177–8
and militarism 247
by US leaders toward Filipinos 464
Radford, Arthur 133
Ramos, Fidel 483
and Philippine troop commitments 467
RAND Corporation 157
Ravenhill, John 504–5
Raymond International 332
Raymond, Morrison, Knudsen-Brown, Root, and Jones (RMK-BRJ) 332, 376
and Critical Path Method 360
civilian projects in Vietnam 334
contract workers 472
Hyundai subcontracts with 361
Reagan administration 201
Reagan, Ronald 67
Reaganism 124
realism, critical 71
realism, geopolitical 215–6
among US China specialists 221 (see, also, geopolitical neo-realism)
Red Bull (energy drink) 439
regional hierarchy, and US intervention in East and Southeast Asia 602–3
of sectoral disarticulation 505
US MIC role in 371
regional industrial development 63
regionalism, in East and Southeast Asia 502
regulation 30, 41–42
regulationist approach 54, 161
Reischauer, Edwin 200, 213, 304, 309, 315, 386
relative autonomy 337
rentier class, euthanasia of (Keynes) 90
repression, of left and labor unions 95
reproduction, of capitalism 116–8, 137
Republic of China (see Taiwan)
Republican Party (US) 98, 133, 141, 193
research and development (R & D) 10, 392
in electronics 350–1
revolutionary nationalism 161
Reynolds metal 135
Rhee Line (Peace Line) 306–7
Rhee regime 416
Rhee Syngman 136, 243–4, 256, 263, 278, 283, 303
1954 offer of troops for Vietnam 311
coup against 303
student-led demonstrations against 261
threats to invade North Korea 303
Riain, Seán Ó 391–3, 395
Rice, Edward 207, 224, 230
analysis of China 217–20
Rich, Buddy 539
Ridgway, Matthew B. 281
rituals, of Vietnam War diplomacy 511–547
Robertson, Walter 133
Robinson, Joan 569
Rockefeller, David 134, 151–2, 200
Rodan, Garry 492
on challenges to AV arguments 598
on class basis of Singaporean state 485
on Lee and AV arguments 587, 590, 592
rollback 100–2, 106, 108, 132, 206, 99–102, 177
Romualdez, Benjamin 530
Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) 97–8
Root, Elihu 138
Ropa, D.W. 585
Rorschach blot 604, 610
Rostow, Eugene Victor 565
Rostow, Walt W. 18, 148, 172, 218, 220, 224, 225, 245, 290–99 passim 326, 400, 428
abstract generalizations 567–8
and authoritarian anticommunist developmentalism 564
and consolidation of elite opposition to Marxism 581–2
and Lee Kuan Yew 488, 582–3
background and upbringing 564–5
and planning of Manila Conference 514
approach to economic development in Latin America 570
as backroom bombing analyst 565–6
as Cold War liberal 584
as critic of Reagan and neoliberal reforms 584
as organic intellectual of Pacific ruling class 562–582
as progressive on domestic issues 584
as rock star among US officials 579
assessment of capitalist success and communist failure 568–9
callousness of 567
commitment to countering Marx’s historical materialism 567
consideration of use of nuclear weapons 556
disinclination to attend to discordant opinions 556
disparagement of Atlanticists for racism 575–6
Eurocentrism of diffusionist paradigm 576
gifts from Marcos 531
impact of anti-Semitism on 565
interpretation of colonialism 573–5
Komer’s assessment of 154
mechanistic and teleological conception of economics 570
military and class moments of anticommunist project 569
misinterpretation of Korean and Vietnam Wars 607
on Arab politicians 576
on Black Africa 576
on civil rights projects in the US 576
on class transformation 576–7
on colonialism and nationalist movements 574
on communism as “disease of the transition” 569
on economics as realm of necessity, politics as realm of freedom 570
on importance of Vietnam War to East Asian dynamism 607
on Korean OSP bids 525
on land reform 577
on Lenin and anti-colonial struggle 568
on Marx’s nirvana of Communism 572
on Manila Conference 521
on military men as modernizers 569
on non-Communist literate élites in transitional societies 575
on parallels between Vietnam and US civil war 568
on race issues in US 584
on racism 576
on social welfare expenditures 584
on stages of economic growth 548
on state planning 524
on state support for infant industries 584
on Taiwan 394n
on technological change in agriculture 577
on US anti-Vietnam War movement 568
on White House visitors discussing take-off 580
performative virtues of slanders against Marx 581
PhD study at Oxford 565
professorship at MIT 567
reading of intelligence on destruction of civilian populations 556–7
rejection of grounded analyses 567
selective editing of intelligence 564
stages of economic growth as stages of human development 578
support for bombing campaigns 556
technological determinism of 573–5, 578
undergraduate study at Yale 565
weaknesses in critique of Marxism 571–2
rotten apple theory (see, also, domino theory) 105
Royal Navy, Great Britain 37, 76
Royall, Kenneth, on trade between Japan and China 234
rule, conception of 116
ruling class 15, 16, 31, 79, 110–28, 160
alliance between US and Philippines 482
Asian 388
conceptions of 609
definition 117
formation and internal conflict 601–2
formation as the crystallization of “averages” 337
functional lines of specialization within 146
Korean 257
in Global South 575–6
personifications of 127
transnational 2
US 118 (see, also, Atlantic ruling class, Pacific ruling class)
Rupert, Mark 123
rural electrification 560
in the Philippines 464
Rusk, Dean 122, 132, 214, 225, 232, 266, 274–5, 293, 298–9, 305, 312, 329, 407, 428, 461–2, 466, 490, 559
gift suggestions 528
cable to Brown on USAID procurement concessions for South Korea 327
concessions on troop allowances for Philippines 464
on contract workers 472
on Pueblo incident 599
on purposes as Manila Conference 514
opposition Great Torch 5 399
opposition to ROC troops in Vietnam 395–6, 403
Saha Pracha Thai (SPT) party 427–30
Said, Edward 451, 453
on internal consistency of Orientalist literature 543
Samsung Corporation 253, 278, 338, 346–55, 412, 439, 476
Samsung divisions 350
anti-union tactics 351, 365
contrasts with Hyundai 376–7
OSP contracts 353
Samwhan Corporation 374
construction contracts 367
OSP 496
San Miguel brewing company 476
Sandstrom, Susanna 202
Sangley Point Naval Station 456
return to Philippine control 479
Sanyo Corporation 349–50
Sarit regime 423
support for monarchy 421–2
Sarit Thannarat, 1957 and 1958 coups 420, 554
1959 martial law constitution 424
and adoption of modernization language in Thailand 581
and relations with PRC 440
backing by US 420–1
coups and labor union repression 552
death and aftermath 424
dictatorship of 422–3
“politics of despotic paternalism” 420
relations with CIA 420
satellite communications 171–2
Satenstein, Leon, mission to South Korea 320–1n, 326–7
Sato, Eisaku, US briefing book for 1965 visit 238
Saudi Arabia, and Asian contract workers 499
scales (geographical) 43, 52, 80
SCAPanese model 197
scapegoating, of foreign “Others” 87
Schaller, Michael 180, 189, 191, 196, 234, 386
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., participation in USSBS 556
Sea-Land Service, Inc. 354
security 32, 45, 47–8, 56
private industry 84
Sembawang Shipyards 492n
transformation and British assistance 489–92
British naval and air bases 486
semi-conductor industry 350
Seoul-Pusan Highway, Hyundai’s completion of 360
Seoul, LBJ visit 524–5
Service, John S. 229
settler colonialism 88
Seven-Nation Conference (see Manila Conference)
sexual violence 86
Shaikh, Anwar 82–3
Shanghai gang 624
Shea, L.C. 153
Shell (oil company) 585
Shenzen Special Economic Zone (SEZ) 412
CP Group expansion to 444
Sheppard, Eric 570
Shinzō Abe, and hardline military and foreign policies 621
shipping industry, in Singapore 492
in South Korea 356–7, 360
Shoesmith, Tom 224
Shorrocks, Anthony 202
Shultz, George 591
Shuzō, Teruoka 181–3
siege warfare 38
Singapore 164, 245, 383
aircraft repair in 490, 492
and China 493
and US-PRC normalization 389, 493
British colonial legacies and Cold War influence 485
censorship board 596
class structure 494
developmental state in 485
differences from South Korea 384–5
food industry 492
government-linked companies 494
health care 591–2
independence of 587
induction of ruling elites into the US MIC 485
influence of US Cold War geopolitics 485
investment in US stocks and bonds 489
involvement in Vietnam War and US military OSP 485
Japanese industrial investment in 493
Japanese Occupation of 585–6
labor relations system 591–2
manufacturing growth 492
petroleum industry 492, 507
political conflicts with Indonesia and Malaysia 486
power struggles 485
public housing 591–2
relation to US-Japan-PRC triangle 493
ruling class practices and press freedom 598
separation from Federation of Malaya 485
shipbuilding and repair 507
subordination of workers 592
timber industry 492
transport equipment industry 492
US commercial sale of M-16 rifles to 488
US encouragement of FDI in 489
US investment in electronics production in 492
Vietnam War OSP 489, 492
Sino-Soviet split 386
Sino-Thais, business elites 443
as potential funders of Thanom’s party 425
historical discrimination against 483
Sinotrans 493
Sirikit (Queen of Thailand) 555
Sklair, Leslie 114
small-scale manufacturing 98
Smith, Adam 82
Smith, Lawrence 538
Smith, Neil 45–7
Snow, Edgar 228–9
social articulation 507
social bonding, among elites 118–9
social democracy 162
social disarticulation 507
at POSCO 344
social division of labor 31–32, 55, 84
social movements
in South Korea 372–3
in US 124
social realms 31, 41, 60
social relations of production 29–31
social reproduction 30–32, 51, 55, 82, 84
social reproductive labor 85
social space, Bourdieu’s conception of 112
social struggle 61, 110–1, 118
and criticisms of AV arguments in Asia 598
in China 225–6
in Thailand 420, 544–5
against authoritarianism 602
by subaltern social groups 549
differences between post-World War II Atlantic and Pacific 165–6
social welfare 62–3
socialist development 65
socialization 87
into violence 95
of foreign policy elites 121
socially necessary labor time 159
Song Yoch’an (Song Yo-chan) 267, 273, 288
Sony 201
Sophonpanich family 415
investment in PRC and Hong Kong 443
South Asia, Komer’s interest in 155
South Korea, Republic of Korea (ROK) 5, 91–2, 124, 131, 245
1972 authoritarian measures 552
and US-PRC normalization 389
as “mendicant state” 473
as development model 73, 559
as Korea, Inc. 272
Capital Division (in Vietnam War) 318, 321
capitalists entry into Pacific ruling class 368, 374
capitalists’ alliance with Japanese capital 255–6
chaebol induction into the US MIC 366, 368, 372
Christian groups in 308
class basis of state actions 336
combat troops for Vietnam 316, 328–9
competitiveness in steel production 343–4
construction firms, internationalization of 499
construction revenue in 367–8
contract workers in Vietnam 333
currency reform in 273, 287, 300
Dove Unit (in Vietnam War) 311, 313
effects of Korean War on 260–1
electronics firms 350
financial crisis in 280
financial policy in 286–9, 300
firms’ connections with US 504
firms’ subcontracts with RMK-BRJ 333
firms’ tie-ups with international investors 300
firms’ tie-ups with Japanese firms 504–5
forces in Vietnam, per diem 327
industrial complexes in 278
industrial labor force 423
industrial shipyards in 355
industrialization boom and democratic culture 372
industry 136
intellectuals’ AV reframing of modernization theory 599–600
international industrial mission to 273
labor union activism and repression 372, 552–3
leaders’ enthusiasm for Vietnam War 516
leaders’ complaints about Manila Conference 516–7
loan assistance to 334–5
MAP levels 292
MASH unit 311
modernization theory in 579
OSP and development of national industrial capacity 495–6
precarious workers 374
press freedoms in 1960s 553
rebellions South Korea 372
remittances from contract workers in Vietnam 333
stock market manipulation 273, 288
struggles against authoritarian state 373
student protests, against normalization treaty 308
transportation industry 353–6, 367
troop commitments to Vietnam 324, 330, 337
troop reductions in 310
troops, remittances from Vietnam 313
unions 374
universal military training 351
workers’ wages in Middle East 499
workers’ struggles 373 (see, also, Korea, Korean War)
South Vietnam, government request for South Korean troops 312
South Korean institute for training in construction techniques 525
leaders, at Manila Conference 519–20 (see, also, Vietnam, Vietnam War)
Southeast Asia 124
contrasts with Northeast Asia 413–4
differences between states in 413–4
effects of US-China relations on 387
Japanese trade with 234
natural resource endowments 413–4
Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) 94
Graduate School 433
sovereignty 42
space-times of development 384–389
Spain 95
Spanish colonialism, in the Philippines 449, 452
Sparke, Matthew 44–5
spatial fix 87, 96, 98
spatio-temporal fix 52
Special Act on the Disposal of Illicit Fortune Accumulators 272
special procurement 194–5
specialists in violence 82–3, 89–94, 117, 120, 163, 177
Spence, Jonathan 228n
Stages of Economic Growth, The (Rostow) 563, 569–82
performative strengths of 572–9
reception of in Global South 572–3
state development policy, Komer’s views on 155
state dinners 513, 536
and display of wealth and power 535–6
state managers 58, 114, 115, 117 (see, also, state planners)
state planners 4, 56, 127, 149, 159, 406, 416, 435, 440, 474
as organic intellectuals 561
Rostow’s account of 577
state planning, in Southeast Asia 413
state power 33, 53, 62–3
and corporations 42
as networked 43
state theory 40
state visits 513
choreography of 512
musical entertainment during 538–40
US gift giving protocol 528
state-centrism 25
state-monopoly capitalism 54, 90
state/society complex 55, 56, 68, 102, 113
South Korean 254
transnationalized 64
US 252
states 51–2, 55
and promotion of industry 92
and the division of mental from manual labor 32
as “power containers” 41
autonomy of 50
classed, racialized, and gendered character of 47
re-scaling of 52
structures 54
status 31
steel, galvanized, restrictions on imports of 322, 331
Stevenson, Adlai 207
Stilwell, Joseph W. 202, 229
Stone, Oliver 70n
strategic coupling, between capital and the state 258
strategic nodes 68
strategic-relational approach 43, 69–74, 72–3, 118
strategy of hegemony, and Atlantic capitalism 549
toward press 555
structural change, in Thailand 445
in the Philippines 483
structural explanation, of power 119
structuralist Marxism 126
structure 73–4
of production 112
Stuart, John Leighton 209
Stubbs, Richard 251, 259
stylized facts 70–1
Subic Bay Naval Base 456, 479
US handover to Philippines 491
subsidies 10
to export industries 255
Suehiro, Akira 419
Sum, Ngai-Ling 71, 110
Sumitomo, Bank 201
Chemicals 201
Sun Yat Sen 408
Sundaram, Jomo Kwame 413
Sunkel, Osvaldo 58
Suppiah, K. 591
Supreme Command Allied Powers (SCAP) 181–198 passim
Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, South Korea 339, 341
surplus 55
surplus value 29, 56, 82–3, 116
appropriation of 81
distribution of between capital and labor 91
surveillance state 453–5
Swan & Hunter, management of Sembawang and Keppel Shipyards 491
Sweezy, Paul 78–9, 84
Symington Subcommittee (US Congress) 477
Symington, Stuart 477–8
Tabb, William Tabb 183
Taft-Hartley Act of 1948 106
Taft, Robert 103, 175
Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC) 5, 164, 202, 210–1, 213, 214, 238, 245, 256, 383, 390–413
absence from Manila conference 523
agriculture 393, 405
aircraft maintenance on 410
ammunition production 403
and US-PRC normalization 389
as developmental success story 559
Republic of China (ROC), at the UN 386, 390
business expectations for Vietnam War 404
business and political leaders’ emphasis on economic growth 408
capitalists’ integration into the Pacific ruling class 412
Central Trust OSP efforts 404
colonial differences from South Korea 391
contrasts with South Korea 384–5, 395
developmental state 393
economic growth in 1950s 390, 393
effects of Korean War on 259–60
exports to Vietnam 395
fuels industry 410
industrial policies 392
light industry 405
medical services 410
MAP spending 299
military construction 404–5
OSP contracts 403–13
planners’ control over banks 408
planning bureaucracy 408
political leaders’ attitudes toward retaking mainland 408
relations with PRC 387
relationship of native groups to GMD 390
repair work on 410
technicians working in Vietnam 395
training of scientists and engineers 407
US and multinational firms on 407
USAID assistance 395
White Terror 390
take-off, as concept for shared class agenda 582
performative power of Rostow’s conception 578
Rostow’s conception of 335, 571, 575–6
Takeuchi, Ryuji 201
Tan, Lucio 483
Tatung Corporation 409, 413
Taylor, Frederick, Gramsci on 562
Taylor, Maxwell 270, 293, 297, 474, 554, 557
Taylor, Peter 40, 56
technological fetishism 535
technological innovation 92
technological upgrading, in Japan 195–6
of Korean capital 347, 376
of Taiwanese industries 407
tendencies 127
analysis of 71
of class fractions 159–60
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) 140
terms of trade, for agricultural products in Philippines 482
for national economies in Asia Pacific region 507
territorial logic 43
territorial nation-states 42
territorial processes (vs. molecular/capitalist processes) 41–42
territoriality 44–7, 52
and political power 34
Tet offensive (1968) 231
textile industry, in Singapore 489
in Thailand 418
Thai Airways, new route to Shanghai 441
Thai Highway Department 434
Thailand 8, 124, 245, 383, 414–46
1971 and 1976 coups 552
1973 student demonstrations and ouster of dictatorship 430–1
1976 military coup 431
absence of developmental state 414–8
Accelerated Rural Development (ARD) program 435
agrarian incomes in 421
air bases in 436
and respect for King and Queen 543–4
and US-PRC normalization 389
Bangkok-centrism of economy 415–7
bureaucratic polity 419
class dynamics, contrasts with South Korea 384–5, 420
class structure 385, 415
contrasts with South Korean industrialization 445–6
contrasts with Taiwan and South Korea 414
development issues in Northeast 557
diplomatic relations with PRC 439
dominance of Sino-Thai financial capital 287
economic and regional inequality in 427–8
elections of 1969 427–31
elections, for lower house 424
elites’ attitudes toward class structure 419–20
elites’ concern about press coverage abroad 554
GDP growth 438
government, assaults on protestors 556
growth of trade with Japan 445
highway development in 429–437 passim
Hyundai projects in 357
importance to US Vietnam War effort 423
in relation to United States, PRC, Japan triangle 439–46
institutional development in 432
investments in PRC 444
involuted growth in 421
labor organizations in 420
land rent control act and elite opposition 431
leaders’ desire for development assistance 557
leaders’ gifts to LBJ during Manila Conference 528–9, 534
leaders’ support for US bombing in Vietnam 474
ledtist political activities 420
limits of export-oriented growth model 482
low wage labor 418
military capitalists 443
military coup (1971) 430
military dictatorship 431
military elites 550
military leaders’ AV assertions 600
minimum wage 418
MVA and wage share 418
monarchy 419, 421–2, 537
negotiations on MAP levels 523–4
non-disciplinary industrial policies 417
normalization of relations with PRC 441, 445
political opposition and repression 420
power of bankers 415
proposed royal decorations for LBJ 534
protests against trade and investment with Japan 445
repression of press 554
repressive force, use of 421
restrictions on bank lending 415
rice exports from 438
rice policies in 418
road-building companies 434
road-building effects 435–7
royalist development campaigns 422
rural-to-urban migration 421, 445
security roads 434
social polarization in 421
state protection of Thai banks 416
state-controlled trade with PRC 439–40
tax breaks 417
troops in Vietnam War 312, 435–6, 461
urban food prices 418
US counterinsurgency 544–5
US military bases 431
US-built transportation infrastructure 499
Thanat Khoman 433
and Thai-PRC normalization 441
response to US troop request 436
support for bombing North Vietnamese dykes 516
Thanom Kittakachorn 426, 428, 430, 444, 512, 550
1973 ouster 441
and PRC 440, 442
political party created for 424
state visit to US 437n
visit to US 535, 554–5
dictatorship of 422–3
labor union repression under 552
thematic account 70–2
Thomson, James C. 224, 213, 230, 583
analysis of China 216–7
Orientalism and Northeast Asia-Centrism of 217, 235–6
Tiger Division (see Capital Division)
Tilly, Charles 82
Time, Inc. 531
soiree for King Bhumibol 536, 539
Tojo, Hideki 189–90
Tonak, Ahmet 82–3
Tory 350
Toshiba 350
Toshio Iue 349, 351
totality, capitalism as 9
Toynbee, Arnold 589
Toyota Corporation 195, 200–1
investment in Thailand 446
trade deficit, US 263
Trade Promotion Section, South Korea 327
training, military 85–7
Trans-Pacific Freight Conference of Japan/Korea 355
trans-Pacific submarine telephone cable 170–1
transformation problem 159
transnational capitalist class 114, 377–8
transnational corporations (TNC s) 42
opportunities for under Marcos 481, 483
transnational geo-political economy 51
transnational kernels (Sunkel) 58
transnational leading group 59
transnational phenomena 51–2
alliances 56
business networking 412
class processes 12, 40, 52, 56, 58, 60, 535
political alliances 57–8
projects of accumulation 54
transnational ruling class 59, 601
coherence 175–6
formation of 79
Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and South Korea (see normalization treaty)
Tremewan, Christopher, on Lee Kuan Yew’s class agenda 590
Trilateral Commission 200–1
Huntington’s report for 596–7
troop providing countries 383, 477, 513
and OSP 496
as hierarchy 474
leaders’ support for Manila Conference 514
Trotsky, Leon 25, 37–8, 53–4n, 78
Truman administration 193, 202–3
Truman Doctrine 103, 181, 194
speech 104
Truman, Harry 48, 104–5, 121
gift for Thai monarchy 529
Tuathail, Gearóid Ó 24, 44, 47
tungsten 136, 190
Turkey 104–5
Komer as Ambassador to 388
MAP levels 292, 299
two-China policy 213, 224
Ulsan 278, 280–7, 337, 418
Ulsan Fertilizer Company 283
uneven and combined development (UCD) 25–6
uneven development 28, 32, 371
Unger, Leonard 427, 429, 431–2n
support for 1971 Thai coup 430
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) 48, 105, 182, 386
break with China 243
heavy industry focus 349
imperialism of 165
repairs for vessels at Sembawang 490
support for Vietnamese revolution 244
unions 97, 146
United Nations (UN) 133, 139
forces 130
General Assembly 401
recognition of PRC 215, 397
representation of China at 203–233 passim
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) 418
United States (US) 37
and authoritarianism 549
agricultural surplus 96
agrarian populists 96
aid programs 104–5, 381–2, 393, 459
business in the Philippines 455–7
business community 107
civilian planners’ opposition to Jiang’s proposals to retake mainland 400
Cold War state 368, 371
colonialism 164–5, 449–61
construction firms in Thailand 436
dollar, link to gold 387–8
elite collaboration with Thai royalist elites 422
foreign policy in Africa 152
imperialism, effects on Korean development 335
labor politics 553
leaders’ views on trade between Japan and China 234
military bases in Japan 192
military contracts for Vietnam War 313–4
military 362
military planners’ attitudes toward Jiang’s proposals to retake mainland 400
military procurement 194
military reserves 132
military, bases in the Philippines 469
military, effects on US policies in the Philippines 456
military, relationship with Hyundai 357
national security state 70
ruling class 70
security policies and Taiwanese growth 409–10
standing army 94
steel producers, wages and productivity of labor 343
trade with China 232–3
troop expenditures in Japan 196
West 108–9
US-PRC normalization 439–441
US Air Force 354, 490
US Army Corp of Engineers 140, 146, 357
US Army Special Forces 132
US Agency for International Development (AID) 45–6, 142–3, 262, 290, 292, 319–20, 409, 433, 463, 467, 518
in Thailand 431, 434
procurement contracts for Vietnam War 313, 314, 318, 323
opposition to POSCO 340
US Bureau of the Budget 428
US Council for Japan 190
US Department of Defense (DOD) 94, 153, 293, 326
and special procurement for South Korea 321–5 passim
East Asia procurement office 470
R & D 352
US Eighth Army 130
US General Accounting Office (GAO) 433
US Information Agency (USIA) 554–5
US Information Service (USIS), translation of Rostow’s work 579
distribution of King’s photographs in Northeast Thailand 544–5
US Joint Chiefs of Staff 192–3
US Military Academy (West Point) 129
US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 468
US National Security Council (NSC) 153, 158, 205, 207, 269
China policies 173–179
Senior Review Group (SRG), NSC, on Philippines bases 479
Steering Group 291–3
support for Marcos’ martial law regime 480–1
US Navy, use Sembawang Shipyard 490
US Office of Strategic Services (OSS), Rostow’s work for 565–6
US Operations Coordination Board 190
US Operations Mission (USOM) 333, 432–3
and road-building in Thailand 434
Hyundai contracts in Thailand 357–8
in Korea 263
US Presidential Task Force on Korea 270–271
US Senate Foreign Relations Committee 103–5
US Seventh Fleet, patrolling of Taiwan Straits 390
US Special Forces 134, 153
US State Department 94, 207, 264–5, 269
1968 intelligence report on Japan-China trade 238–9
China specialists 214–233
country team, South Korea, views on special procurement 324–5
endorsement of special procurement for South Korea 323
rejection of Jiang’s bid to visit US 401
State Department-Defense Department Long Range Study of Communist China 222–3
State Department, history of PRC-US relations 230
US Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS), conclusions of 556
US Supreme Command Allied Powers (SCAP) 180
US-Japan Security Subcommittee 245
unity-in-diversity 137–8
of ruling class 79, 156, 159–62, 548
of troop providing countries 527
urban-industrial development, in the Philippines 459, 482
success of in Northeast Asia 449
usable essentialisms 513n, 535–47
regarding Australians 545–6
regarding Filippinos 540–1
regarding Koreans 541–2
regarding New Zealanders 545
regarding Thais 542–5
Usher, Richard 469
Ushiba, Nobukio 201
Utah Construction Company 140
Valenti, Jack 216, 221
value 82–3
Van Fleet industrial mission 280–7, 339
Van Fleet, James Alward 127–138, 152, 155, 159–62, 263, 265–8, 270, 272–4, 280–7, 289, 294, 355, 410, 473
football career 129–30
lobbying for Park regime 269–270
recommendation for use of Korean troops in Vietnam 296
statue of 131
support for Korean procurement 314
views on South Korean troops and MAP 290, 295–6
Vandenberg, Arthur 102–5, 109, 130
Vann, John Paul, analysis of Vietnam 568
Vargas, Jesus, support for sending Philippine troops to Vietnam 465
variegated capitalism 548
varieties of capitalism 55
Vernon, Raymond, product-cycle model 503
Vietnam syndrome 67, 248
Vietnam War 3–4, 18, 64–70, 66n, 123–4, 132, 141, 149, 152, 157, 163, 172, 177, 202–233 passim, 250, 368–9, 387, 475–6, 479, 552, 556–7
aerial bombardment 387, 474, 556
and incorporation of Asian leaders into Pacific ruling class 244
as containment of China 208, 215, 218, 219–21, 224–5, 232
as peasant-based uprising 610
as quid pro quo for US recognition of PRC at UN 212–3
class and nationalist foundations 607
effect on US OSP in Japan 196
effects of rising oil prices 248
effects on shaping of Cold War anticommunist alliance 244
effects on South Korean MAP 289
effects on Taiwan’s development 393
effects on trade between Japan and China 234
impact on China 230
influence on Singapore’s industrial development 485–94
Korean involvement in 253
Mao’s position on 228–9
US divisions over 337
Vietnam 122
agrarian class struggle in 560
agricultural development 143
effects of French colonialism 244
French War in 164
Hyundai projects in 357
infrastructure development 142
nationalism 158
US influence 244
war with China 231
Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP) 64–7, 278, 231, 244
Vinnell Corporation 411
violence (see also war) 16, 19, 33, 116–7, 177
gendered and racialized 87
means of 81–5
state monopoly on 42
tendencies toward 2–3
Vorhees, Tracey 193–4, 200–1, 286
Wade, Robert 417
conception of developmental state 447
criticisms of geopolitical economic perspectives 381
on Vietnam War and Taiwan 409
wage labor 80–1, 114
wages 83
and productivity 365, 507–9;
Wagner Labor Relations Act (of 1935) 97, 106
Wainwright, Joel 12, 34
Wake Island 141
Wall Street 103–4
financial firms 68
war (see also violence) 2, 63, 86–7, 116–7
Gramscian analysis of 34–37
influence of on East Asian industrial dynamism 603
war crimes tribunals 188–9
war of maneuver (war of movement) 35–8
war of position 35–9, 84
Warburg, James 97
warfare-welfare state, US 11, 99, 175
wars of national liberation 130
Warsaw talks 227
Washington Group International 374
Watanabe, Takeshi 201
wealth, global concentration of 201–2
Weber, Max 6
Weberian analysis 33, 50, 52, 78–9, 111, 447
differences from geopolitical economy approach 601
of Thailand 419
Wedemeyer, Albert 133
Weiner, Tim 191–192
Weininger, Elliott 112
welfare state (see Keynesian National Welfare State)
west-facing, “frontier” expansiveness 161
US policies 162
Westmoreland, William 131, 131n, 148–9, 152, 388
Wheeler, Earle G. 399
White House dinners, choreography of 536
Whitlam, Gough 493
Wilbur, Lyman 332
Wilbur, Lyman Dwight 140–1
Wilbur, Ray Lyman 138, 140–1
Willis, Charles F. 281
Wilson, Woodrow, liberalism 98
Wolf, Joseph 292
Wolff, Edward N. 202
Wong, Martin 394
Woo, Jung-en 9, 250, 253, 261–2, 283, 287–8, 340
working class 112
Rostow’s account of 577
World Bank 3, 5, 9, 449
1957–1958 mission to Thailand 432
and Philippines 482
failure to fund POSCO 340
Hyundai projects 357–8
Marcos’ cooperation with 478
World War I 76, 95, 130
anti-war activism in US 96
World War II 8–9, 39, 42, 54–5, 96, 130, 504
impacts on US of war spending 91
world-systems approaches 41, 393
Wright, Jeraud 237, 397, 536
Wright, Marshall 512
suggestions for talking with Lee Kuan Yew 583–4
Yen Chia-Kan (C.K. Yen) 403, 412
attitude toward retaking mainland 408
complaints about US favoritism toward South Korea 406
state luncheon 537–8
yen, revaluation of 511
Yeung, Henry Wai-Chung 347
Yi Pyŏng-ch’ŏl 272, 280, 283, 287, 346–7, 349, 359, 423
antagonism to unions 351, 365
connections with Japanese business 377
entry into Pacific ruling class 351
gifts to Van Fleet and LBJ 531
Yi Tong-wŏn (Dong Won Lee) 315, 322, 327–9, 336
Yonsei University, demonstrations against normalization treaty at 317
Yoshida government 193
Yoshida, Shigeru 189, 192, 194, 200, 237
Yoshida school 189
Yu Ch’angsoon (Yoo Chang Soon) 284
Yugoslavia 105
Yun Posŏn (Yun Po Sun) 308
attacked by Henry Cabot Lodge 316–7
Yunnan, and Guomindang irregular forces 440
Yushin constitution 372, 599
Zagoria, Donald S. 221
zaibatsu 190, 192
reform of 185–6
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Series:  Historical Materialism Book Series, Volume: 166
Cover Drums of War, Drums of Development: The Formation of a Pacific Ruling Class and Industrial Transformation in East and Southeast Asia, 1945-1980
E-Book ISBN:
9789004377523
Publisher:
Brill
Print Publication Date:
06 Aug 2018

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