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Index

Abel Island 315, 376
Abeløya, see Abel Island
Abuse of legal process/right 35–36, 107–108, 154, 166–167, 184, 211, 215, 341–344, 365
Admissibility 19–21, 30, 31, 33–34, 35–36, 42, 93–101, 163–188, 197–200, 205–206, 208, 211, 219–222, 224, 226–227
New claims 29, 163–181
See also exchange views, obligation to ; means of dispute settlement ; exhaustion of local remedies, statement of claim
Alexander Archipelago 269–270
Allegans contraria non audientus 342, 348, 349, 350
Amicus curiae briefs 21
Chinese (Taiwan) Society of International Law 40, 329
Amsterdam Island 376
Ancient title 139, 143, 260–281, 288–289, 291–292, 332, 333
and historic title distinguished 261–263, 291
and modern international law 263–265
Loss of 276–277
Survival of 273–276
to maritime areas 265–267
Annex of Issues the Philippines May Wish to Address 36, 115, 153, 191, 198
Applicable law 20, 55, 75–76, 83, 190, 288–290, 293, 308, 310, 323, 366
Aquino iii, Benigno 45
Arbitral Tribunal
Constitution of 6–19, 113, 226
Members of 7–9
Registry of 10–12, 34, 37, 41, 43–44
Seat of 11
Arbitration
Costs of 44–45, 187, 195, 330
Politics of 25–29
Arbitration proceedings 29–44
Delay of 177, 187, 195, 205–206
Initiation of 2–4, 25, 51, 89, 211
Rejection of, by China 4–6, 29, 31, 33, 41, 44, 47–50, 51, 99, 185
See also bifurcation of proceedings
Archipelagic baselines 2, 56, 60, 64, 69, 84, 104, 106n293, 106–107, 111, 112, 142, 168, 255, 269, 293, 294, 305–306
Straight lines distinguished 73–74, 295–296, 302–304, 306
Archipelagic State concept 74, 264, 270, 284–285, 293–294, 295, 303, 305–306, 339
Archipelagic waters 80, 133, 153, 237, 268–270, 284, 294, 304, 339
Archipelago(s) 4, 65, 69
Meaning of term 73, 239–240, 253
of mainland States 305–306
Waters of, as historic waters 231, 265–273
See also historic archipelagos, Spratly Islands
Areas of overlapping entitlements 1, 10, 39, 56, 60, 65, 68, 105–107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 140–145, 149–150, 185, 186, 187, 212–213, 373, 375
Exclusion from the Tribunal’s jurisdiction 42–43, 89–90, 106–107, 109–110, 185–186, 212–213, 227, 292, 306–307, 308, 321n444, 326, 332
Area, The 61–62, 292, 294, 305, 306, 307, 325, 328, 334, 353, 354, 357, 375
Argentina 78–79, 359
Artificial islands 2, 43, 61, 62, 72, 87–88, 91, 106n293, 109, 170, 227, 321, 322, 331
Australia 37, 177, 300, 317, 364, 372, 376, 377
Aves Island 320, 376
Ayungin Shoal, see Second Thomas Shoal
Award on jurisdiction and admissibility 35–36, 44, 48, 113–225, 226
Criticism of 222–225
Bajo de Masinloc, see Scarborough Shoal
Belgium 15–16, 298
Belize 78
Bifurcation of proceedings 19–20, 113, 163, 200–201
Decision on 32–33
Bouvet Island 376
Brunei 1, 56, 60, 90, 105, 107, 367
Carpenter, Kent 37
Ceva-i-Ra Island 318, 376
Chagos Marine Protected Area Arbitration 20, 135–136, 154, 159–160, 173, 200–201, 203, 215–216, 364–366
Chinese Society of International Law 41, 49
Chou En-lai 138, 240, 279
Clarion Islet 376
Clipperton Island 262, 276, 318, 376
Cloma, Tomas 255–256, 279, 280n264
Conciliation, compulsory 77, 112n325
Construction activities 4, 35, 39, 43, 59, 61–62, 71, 84, 87–88, 91, 109–110, 168–173, 218–219, 226–227, 321n444, 330–331
Continental shelf 13, 35, 42–43, 54, 59–67, 73, 79, 85, 87, 88, 214, 216, 227, 233, 239, 253–254, 265n191, 292, 304, 306, 307, 309–312, 314, 316, 321, 325, 368–369, 372–373, 375–377
Philippines’ claim to 4, 56, 59, 60, 66–67, 90, 104, 109–112, 168, 212, 291–292, 307–308, 326, 328, 340–341, 371, 374
Cot, Jean-Pierre 8, 10, 117, 323
Crozet Islands 376
Cuarteron Reef 65–66, 84, 110, 126, 127n78, 321, 374
Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (doc) 5–6, 83, 99–101, 161, 364
Del Rosario, Albert 25–28, 89, 182–183, 190
Default of appearance 12–24, 107, 135, 331
Consequences of 17–24, 124, 195, 222, 223, 329
Historical perspective 15–17
Informal communication from absent party 23
Precedents of 13, 15–17
Right not to appear 13–15
Diplomatic protection 322–324, 332
Dispute(s)
Aggravation of 43, 151–152, 165–167, 170, 321n444
Artificial 58, 137, 144, 223
Definition of 53–54, 116–117
Determination of 134–136, 326, 329, 340
Existence of 108, 111, 114, 115, 116–133, 189, 191–192, 194–195, 197, 223, 343
Burden and standard of proof 118–120, 195
Hypothetical 133, 162, 181–188, 224
Inference of 120–123
‘Mixed’ 76–79
Lack of 53–57
Nature of 133–154, 176
See also maritime boundary delimitation
Dispute settlement under unclos
Compulsory 2, 5, 13, 26, 35, 36, 52, 53, 58n41, 77, 78, 86–87, 92, 98, 157, 228, 289–291, 363
Means of 2–3, 52, 158, 202, 342
Commitment to other 5–6, 93, 98–101, 211, 355, 363–364
Exchange of views on 162, 223
See also jurisdiction
Documents, new 330
Production of 36–37, 38, 120, 220–222, 224, 329–330
Dongsha Islands, see Pratas Islands
Duterte, Rodrigo R 45, 46, 355n97
East Sea 106, 255
See also South China Sea
Eleven-dash line 8, 243
See also Nine-dash line, Ten-dash line
Equality of the parties, principle of 23–24, 177
Estoppel 346–347, 348–349, 351
Exchange views, obligation to 35, 93–98, 114, 157–163, 211
Exclusive economic zone 4, 35, 42–43, 54, 63–64, 66, 72–73, 84–85, 87–88, 90, 92, 304, 306, 307, 309–312, 314, 316, 321, 325, 368–369, 372–373, 375–377
China’s claim to 73, 87, 88, 92, 107, 109, 111, 119–120, 123, 129, 131, 213, 227, 233, 239, 306
Philippines’ claim to 4, 42–43, 56, 60, 90, 104, 112, 125, 145, 149–150, 161–162, 172, 185, 212–214, 216, 254, 291–292, 307–308, 321n444, 326, 328, 340–341, 371, 374
Viet Nam’s claim to 107, 216, 254–255
Exhaustion of local remedies 207–208, 322–324
Experts 16–17, 22, 32, 33, 37, 39–40, 41, 44, 315, 320, 329–331
Fact finding, judicial 329–331
Falkland Islands 78–79, 319
Faroe Islands 296–297
Fiery Cross Reef 65–66, 84, 110, 126, 321, 374
Fiji 311, 318, 376
Final Award 11, 42–44, 226–333, 335, 338, 344
Binding force between the parties 17, 42, 103, 360, 369, 370, 378
Denial by China 36, 48, 49
Criticism of 331–333
Finality of 354–378
Meaning of 355–357
Means to call into question 360–366
Parties’ position on 45–50
China’s 4-Nos 47
Third State reactions to 367–376
Final submissions, see submissions
Flat Island 62
France 135, 305, 318, 358
Claim to sovereignty over Spratly Islands 246–249
Chinese protest against 277–278
Maritime zone claims from insular features 375–376
See also Clipperton Island
Freedomland 255–256
Chinese protest against 279–280
Galápagos Islands
Historic archipelago 297–299
Waters of, as historic waters 269
Gaven Reef 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 84, 87, 90, 91, 109, 126, 168, 169, 171, 321, 374
Good faith, principle of 94, 152, 158, 167, 207, 341–344, 346, 347, 349, 350
Guatemala 78
Heard and McDonald Islands 317, 376, 377
Hearings
Jurisdiction and admissibility 33–34, 189, 191–192, 198–199, 220–221
Observers at 34, 37
Outstanding questions of jurisdiction and admissibility and merits 36–38, 192, 218–219
Transcripts of 24, 33, 34, 37
Helen Reef 374
Hernandez, Raul 27, 149, 164
Historic archipelagos 79–80, 231, 234–245, 259–260, 277–281, 284–286, 306, 332
Legal archipelagos distinguished 285, 293–295, 305–306
Maritime zones around 295–305
See also Faroe Islands, Galápagos Islands, Indonesia, Philippines, Spratly Islands, Svalbard Archipelago
Historic bays 80, 85–86, 88, 217, 228, 231, 233, 267–269, 281–283, 289–291
Sub-category of historic waters 267–269
See also Hudson Bay
Historic fishing rights, see Scarborough Shoal
Historic rights 3, 42, 47, 55, 79–86, 109, 112, 125, 153–154, 217, 227, 228–238, 300, 322, 331, 355, 368
and unclos 58, 83, 85, 108, 125–126, 231–232, 372
Meaning of term 230–231
Historic titles 55, 71–72, 79–86, 109, 112, 124, 148, 217, 227, 228–292, 266–269, 281, 289–291, 292, 299, 355
and unclos 58, 74–75, 83, 85, 108, 232–233, 332, 355
Disputes involving 85–86, 289–291
Meaning of term 80, 229, 231, 232–233, 261–263, 291
See also ancient title
Historic waters 75, 80–82, 85–86, 112, 229–231, 237, 290
Ancient title as basis of 265–267, 304, 333
and unclos 75, 83, 85–86, 281–289, 294
Governed by customary international law 75, 231–232, 284
Meaning of term 80–81, 229–230, 231, 267–268
Waters of archipelagos as 267–270, 294
Archipelagic waters distinguished 284
Legal status 271–273
See also archipelagos, Galapagos Islands, Alexander Archipelago
Hoang Sa Archipelago, see Paracel Islands
Hodgson, Robert D 314, 316, 317, 320
Howland and Baker Islands 320, 376
Huangyan Island, see Scarborough Shoal
Hudson Bay 80
Hughes Reef, see McKennan Reef
Ihlen Declaration 344–345
Ihlen, Nils Claus 344
Ilhas Selvagens 376
India 367
Indispensable third party 35, 62, 102–107, 155–157, 187, 216, 219, 224
Indonesia 1, 10, 34, 37, 56, 107, 270, 285
Claim to historic archipelagic status 269, 300–301
Endorsement of scs Arbitration Award 373–374
Installations and structures, see artificial islands
International Court of Justice 2, 10, 13, 15, 20, 22, 30, 44, 63–64, 67–68, 70, 71, 74–75, 80, 85, 94–95, 102, 103, 104, 105, 116, 117, 118–119, 121, 122, 135, 147, 148, 163, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 193, 326, 328, 343, 345–346, 347, 350, 356, 361, 366, 377–378
Lack of substantive finality of decisions of 357–359
Note on South China Sea Arbitration 11–12
President of 52
Rules of Court 19, 176, 202–210, 216, 220, 223, 225
International Seabed Authority 62
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea 2, 18, 25, 30, 95, 98, 116, 122, 176, 179, 323, 377–378
President of 7–10, 24
Rules of 19, 176, 202, 220–221
Islands
As base points 63, 74, 298n353, 302
Group of, see archipelago
Maritime entitlements of 4, 35, 42, 60, 62n63, 63–64, 65n74, 66, 88, 110, 123–128, 131–132, 144, 163, 186, 212–213, 227, 239, 308, 316
Itu Aba Island 39, 40–41, 62, 64n68, 187, 248, 250, 279, 280n264, 315, 316, 321, 371, 372
Jan Mayen 377
Japan 9, 10, 34, 37, 138, 300, 303, 316, 364
Claim to sovereignty over Spratly Islands 248, 249–251, 278–280
Reaction to Final Award 368–369
See also Oki-no-Tori-shima
Johnson Reef 57, 65–66, 84, 87, 92, 110–111, 126, 168, 321, 374
Judicial pronouncements, lack of substantive finality 357–360
See also Final Award, International Court of Justice
Jurisdiction of the Tribunal 35–36, 42, 52–92, 109, 111, 112, 114, 115, 132, 134, 149, 150, 152, 155, 156, 157, 185, 197–200, 205–206, 211–219, 222–224, 226–228, 238
China’s objections to 4–5, 31, 41, 48, 49, 214, 223–224
Conditional findings of 35, 195–197
(Optional) exceptions to 36, 61, 65, 77, 79, 88–92, 228, 235, 289–291
Ipso jure limitations on 86–88, 364–365
Ratione materiae 53–86, 114–154, 214
See also law enforcement activities, maritime boundary delimitation, military activities, mixed disputes
Jura novit curia principle 20
Kalayaan Island Group (kig) 140–145, 148, 149n186, 183, 255, 256–257, 339
See also Philippines
Kerguelen Islands 376
Kingman Reef 320, 376
Kiribati 318, 376
Koo, Wellington 16
Korea, Republic of (South Korea) 10, 319
Land dominates the sea principle 70
Land reclamation 43, 91, 227, 320
Lansing, Robert 17
Law enforcement activities 119, 171, 218
Exemption from jurisdiction of the Tribunal 88, 90, 92, 111, 195–196, 213–214, 217, 227, 355
Legitimate expectations 347
Levine, Judith 11
Libya 70, 104, 208–209, 312
Low-tide elevations 35, 43, 84, 126, 127, 170, 171, 309–310, 355, 370
Sovereignty over 60, 66, 67–72, 74–75, 97, 146–149, 312, 341, 365, 369, 374
Macclesfield Bank 74, 82, 85n180, 123, 137, 138, 144, 233, 236, 240, 243–244, 279–280, 301
Malaysia 1, 34, 37, 56, 60, 90, 105, 107, 318
Implicit endorsement of Final Award 367, 375
Maldives, claim to archipelagic historic waters 285
Malvinas, see Falkland Islands
Marcos, Ferdinand 140
Maritime boundary delimitation 42, 93, 103–104, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 159, 187, 231, 281, 288–291
Disputes over 1, 35, 63–64, 76, 78–79, 232–233, 298, 315
Exclusion from jurisdiction of Tribunal 5, 31, 48, 61, 65, 66, 77, 79, 88, 90, 114, 185, 211–213, 227, 292
Real dispute 36, 89–90, 97
Marine environment 39
Harm to 4, 35, 173, 331
Obligation to protect and preserve 43, 172–174, 180
Maro Reef 376
McKean Island 376
McKennan Reef 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 84, 87, 90, 91, 104, 105, 109–110, 126, 168, 169, 170, 374
Memorial of the Philippines 29–30, 31, 32, 34, 190, 219
Mensah, Thomas A 9
Merir Island 374
Mexico 317, 319, 362, 376
Military activities, meaning of 90–91
Exclusion from jurisdiction of the Tribunal 61, 79n141, 88, 91, 110, 217–219, 227n7, 355
Mischief Reef 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 84, 87, 90, 91, 104, 105, 109, 110, 119, 126, 128, 129, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 156, 157, 161, 163, 170, 172, 173, 174, 180, 185, 186, 187, 217–219, 254, 291–292, 321n444, 325, 327–328, 374n205
Misrepresentative of China’s claims/position 119–120, 124, 128–132, 136, 223, 225, 233–238
Mongolia 10
Motta, Giuseppe 17
Namyit Island 62, 171
Nanshan Island 62
Nansha Islands, see Spratly Islands
Natuna Islands 10
Navidad Bank 229
New Zealand 310–312, 319, 364, 372
Nine-Dash Line 2, 3, 35, 42, 84, 97, 108, 161, 228, 235–238, 331
Area enclosed by 10, 79, 81, 84–85, 87, 243–245, 258–259
See also Eleven-dash line, Ten-dash line
Non ultra petita principle 324–328
North Borneo 80
Norway 263–264, 268, 273, 277, 295, 297, 299, 344–345, 376, 377
Notification and Statement of Claim 4, 5, 6, 8, 25, 51, 53, 57–60, 88, 89, 96, 97, 115, 118, 166, 174, 180, 181, 187, 224
Objections not possessing an exclusively preliminary character 32–33, 35, 113, 194, 196, 197–220, 226
Jurisprudence of the icj on 202–211
Objections possessing an exclusively preliminary character 154, 211–212, 214–215, 219, 224
Objections of a preliminary character, see admissibility, jurisdiction, indispensable third party, abuse of legal process/right
Oki-no-Tori-shima 315, 316, 317, 368–369
Palau 274, 319, 373–374
Palmyra Atoll 320, 376
Palawan 81, 249, 256
Panatag Shoal, see Scarborough Shoal
Paracel Islands 1, 73, 74, 82, 105–106, 123, 137–140, 233–234, 236, 240, 243–244, 251–254, 280, 301, 302, 303, 357
Assumption of Chinese sovereignty over insular features in 169, 341
China’s claim to territorial sovereignty over 138–139
Viet Nam’s claim to territorial sovereignty over 105–106, 139–140
Pawlak, Stanisław 8
Penghu Islands, see Pescadores
Permanent Court of Arbitration 10–12, 29, 31, 33, 34, 37, 103, 176, 356
Optional Rules for Arbitrating Disputes between Two States 19–20
Permanent Court of International Justice 15, 53, 104, 116, 175, 277, 344
Pescadores 74
Philippines
Archipelagic baselines of 1–2, 56, 60, 64, 84
Claim to archipelagic historic waters 80–81, 285, 300
Claim to sovereignty over Kalayaan Island Group 140–145, 148, 256–257
Chinese protest against 143
Pinto, Chris 8–9
Politis, Nicolas 17
Portugal 376
Position Paper of the prc Government 30–31, 32–33, 113–114, 129–130, 137, 156, 162, 181–182, 185, 194, 223, 233–234, 239
Position Paper on roc South China Sea Policy 40
Post-hearing proceedings 39–41, 45, 330
Pratas Islands 74, 82, 123, 137, 138, 233, 236, 240, 243–244, 279, 280, 301
Preclusion of inconsistent positions 348–352
Preliminary objections 18, 21, 23, 51
Determination of character of 33, 35–36, 200–211
Options to deal with 19–20, 198–200
Treatment of 211–220
See also admissibility, jurisdiction, objections not possessing an exclusively preliminary character
Procedural Orders
Order No 1 30, 190
Order No 2 30
Order No 3 31–32, 148, 190–191
Order No 4 33, 194, 198
Proceedings
Oral 33–34, 36–38, 114, 127, 137n126, 143, 155, 173, 175, 188–189, 191–192, 199, 220–221
Written 29–32, 39–41, 190–191, 194, 220–221
Quitasueño 315, 317
Regime of islands 294, 309–313
Jurisprudence on 63, 376–377
State practice 88, 315–320, 375–376
Relief sought 30, 51, 53, 54, 58, 60, 84, 85, 108, 112, 167–169, 175, 190
Ren’ai Reef, see Second Thomas Shoal
Res judicata 184, 344, 350, 356
Roca Portida Islet 376
Rock(s) 1, 4, 35, 60, 63, 65–66, 67, 68, 97, 110, 123–124, 227, 296, 299, 307, 357, 365, 368–369, 371, 372, 374–376
Meaning of term 124, 308–321, 355, 370
Rockall 314, 315, 317
Romania 63, 312, 313
Rule of law 6, 26–28, 29, 47, 49
Rules of Procedure of the Arbitral Tribunal 29, 167, 206, 214, 329, 356
Article 10 187, 195, 205–206
Article 19 163, 176
Article 20 33, 194, 196, 198–200, 202, 205, 218
Article 22 39, 220
Article 25 31–32, 190
Rules of Procedure in other cases distinguished from 196, 200–201
Russia, see Soviet Union
San Andrés Archipelago 131
Scarborough Shoal
Assumption of Chinese sovereignty over 125, 133, 162, 169, 182–184, 197, 223, 334–341
China’ claims to sovereignty over 2, 25, 59n42, 125, 132–133, 182–184
Philippines’ claim to sovereignty over 2, 132–133, 142, 182–184, 338–339
Chinese protest against 143
Status and maritime entitlements of 4, 35, 84, 87, 110, 123–126, 334
Traditional fishing rights at 43, 92, 111, 132–133, 152–153, 162, 171, 182, 184, 195, 215–216, 219, 322, 323, 324, 334–341, 352–354
Historic rights of States distinguished 322
See also tactical admissions
Schofield, Clive 37
Schücking, Walter 17
Sea boundary delimitation, see maritime boundary delimitation
Second Thomas Shoal 29, 126, 127, 128–129, 137, 145, 146–148, 150, 156, 157, 163, 170, 172, 173, 174, 180, 185, 186, 187, 217–219, 291–292, 325, 327–328
Philippines’s personnel stationed at 119, 150–152, 164–167, 170, 218–219
Serpents’ Island 63–64, 309n409, 319
Silence 121–122, 131, 223, 368, 371
Sin Cowe Island 62, 170
Singapore 10, 37, 317, 367
Sinnan Gunto, see Japan, Spratly Islands
Soons, Alfred 8
South China Sea
Economic importance of 1
Geography of 1, 60, 243–245, 258–259, 292, 303, 304, 315
Littoral States of 1, 368, 374
Map of xxxviii
Size of 1
South China Sea Islands 260, 301
Meaning of term 233, 236, 240
South Korea, see Korea, Republic of
Sovereign equality, principle of 52
Soviet Union 279, 287, 314
Spitsbergen, see Svalbard
Spratly Islands
Ancient title to 139, 260–281, 291–292
Assumption of Chinese sovereignty over all islands in 169, 185–188, 340
China’s claim to territorial sovereignty over 31, 59, 72, 82, 105, 123, 128, 130, 137–139, 150, 161, 186, 187, 233–238, 239–242, 259–260, 278–281, 286, 291–292
China’s understanding of the term 119, 129–130, 136–137, 233–236, 239–242
Competing claims to 105–106, 150, 186
Geography of 60, 72, 81, 187, 242–245, 272–273
Historic archipelago 301–304
Maritime zones based on Spratly islands as a whole
China’s practice 123, 131, 140, 233–234, 239, 292–304
Viet Nam’s practice 224, 251–254, 304–305
Status of high-tide features in 62n63, 227, 307, 320–321, 324–325
Treatment as a unit/as a whole 31, 42, 68, 69, 73, 119, 123, 128, 129–130, 131, 136–137, 140, 156, 223–224, 233–236, 239–242, 246–259, 301
Viet Nam’s claim to sovereignty over 1, 68n91, 105–106, 138, 139–140, 156–157, 216, 224, 251–255, 286, 304–305
Chinese protest against 138, 280–281
See also ancient title, France, Japan, Kalayaan Island Group
Sri Lanka 8, 10
Statement of Claim 3, 51
Amendment/modification of 29, 163–167, 174–176
Introduction of new claims 167–181, 224
See also Notification and Statement of Claim
Subi Reef 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 84, 87, 90, 91, 109, 126, 128–129, 146–148, 157, 168, 169, 171, 321n444, 374n205
Submission(s) 3, 30, 31–32, 38, 42, 113
Amendments/changes to 38, 166–181
Definition of term 188
Final 34–35, 118, 135, 168, 169, 171–172, 174, 188, 193, 195, 227, 325–326
Subject-matter of dispute, defined by 53, 326
Submission No 1 35, 36, 113, 125, 128, 197, 217, 226–228, 332
Submission No 2 35, 36, 113, 125, 128, 197, 217, 226–228, 332
Submission No 3 35, 113, 123, 197, 223, 226
Submission No 4 35, 113, 126, 128, 145, 146, 157, 197, 216, 223, 226
Submission No 5 35, 36, 113, 145, 149, 157, 185–188, 197, 212–213, 216, 226–227, 291–292, 307, 321, 325–327, 332
Submission No 6 35, 113, 126, 128, 197, 223, 226
Submission No 7 35, 113, 126, 128, 197, 223, 226
Submission No 8 35, 36, 113, 119, 161, 185–188, 197, 212–213, 226–227, 292–293, 307, 321, 325–328, 332
Submission No 9 35, 36, 113, 119, 161, 185–188, 197, 212–213, 226–227, 291–292, 307, 321, 325–328, 332
Submission No 10 35, 113, 119, 132, 152, 154, 161, 162, 182, 184, 195, 196, 197, 213–215, 223, 226, 322, 324, 332, 334–336, 343–344, 352–354
Submission No 11 35, 38, 39, 113, 119, 161, 180, 197, 224, 226, 336
Submission No 12 35, 36, 39, 113, 119, 161, 180, 197, 217–218, 224, 226–227, 325–327, 332
Submission No 13 35, 39, 113, 119, 161, 195, 197, 213–214, 226
Submission No 14 35, 36, 38, 42, 113, 119, 151, 161, 166–167, 197, 217–219, 224, 226–227, 321n444, 332
Submission No 15 35, 36, 38, 42, 113, 188–195, 197, 224, 226–227
Unclear or defective 188–195
See also non ultra petita principle
Supplemental Written Submissions of the Philippines 31, 32, 175–176, 191
Svalbard Archipelago 299–300
Tactical admissions 133, 169, 182, 223, 334–354
Legal and other effects of 340–341, 344–354
See also estoppel, good faith, Paracel Islands, Scarborough Shoal, Spratly Islands
Taiwan authorities 1, 39, 82, 105–107, 155n215, 329
Reaction to Final Award 372–373
Ten-dash line 243–244
Territorial sovereignty over insular land territory 58, 62, 68–69, 80, 109, 110, 111, 112, 133–135, 157, 224, 234, 332, 353, 365
As real dispute 134–145, 224
Removed from jurisdiction of Tribunal 75, 134, 145, 214, 321–322, 340
Thailand 34, 37
Thitu Island 62, 187, 315–316, 371
Tobi Island 319, 374
Tonga 313
Claim to archipelagic historic waters 285
Truong Sa Archipelago, see Spratly Islands
Tunisia 70, 312
Turkey, see Türkiye
Türkiye 13, 313, 361
unclos, see United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Unilateral declaration, binding 344–345
United Kingdom 1, 20, 40, 78, 201, 208–209, 229, 264, 268, 285, 293, 295, 297, 298–299, 300, 314–315, 317, 319, 349, 358
Reaction to Final Award 369–371
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 293–294, 303–306, 307, 323, 332–333, 335, 360, 361
Annex vii 2–3, 10, 13, 20, 51, 53, 78–79, 94, 101, 328, 357, 364
Article 1 3, 52, 176
Article 3 8, 24, 51
Article 5 21, 167
Article 6 14
Article 9 14, 17–20, 22, 23, 26, 156, 216
Article 10 282, 326
Article 11 42, 354
Article 2 153–154, 159–160, 270, 272, 336, 338
Meaning of ‘other rules of international law’ in 153–154, 215–216, 365–366
Article 3 58, 125, 146
Article 7 58, 69, 295
Article 10 58
Article 13 58, 126, 144, 145, 156, 341
Article 15 76, 85, 227, 282, 289–290, 332
Article 46 239–240, 281, 284
Article 47 69, 74, 296
Article 49 270, 284
Article 51 133, 153, 339
Article 55 58
Article 56 156, 159–160
Article 57 58, 125, 156
Article 60 156
Article 62 153
Article 74 76, 227, 289, 332
Article 76 58, 125, 156
Article 77 156
Article 80 156
Article 83 76, 227, 289, 332
Article 121 58, 62–63, 65–66, 68, 88, 110, 123, 125, 126, 128, 141, 142, 144, 145, 146, 148n184, 156, 185, 212–213, 227, 255, 308, 316, 332, 341, 355, 357, 367–377
Drafting history of 309–315
See also Regime of islands
Article 192 173
Article 194 156, 173
Article 206 156
Article 226 179
Article 281 35, 93, 98, 211, 363–364
Agreement, meaning of, in 99–101
Article 282 35, 211
Article 283 35, 93–98, 114, 157–163, 211
Article 286 55, 57, 86
Article 287 3, 51, 52, 202
Article 293 75, 156, 288, 290
Article 294 101, 107, 344
Article 295 321–322
Article 296 42, 103, 354
Article 297 36, 86, 88, 92, 107, 109, 111, 113, 211, 344
Conflicting interpretations of 364–365
Article 298 68, 77, 85, 88, 90, 92, 110, 111, 113, 114, 185, 195, 197, 211, 213, 217, 219, 227–228, 232–233, 235, 238, 289–291, 292, 306–307, 332
China’s 2006 declaration pursuant to 5, 31, 36, 61, 65, 79, 88, 89, 91–92, 185, 212, 228, 291, 332
Article 299 92
Article 300 58, 152, 156, 167, 179, 211, 341–342
Article 310 286
Article 311 288–289
Inapplicability to historic waters 288–289
Compulsory dispute settlement under 2, 13, 35, 52, 77–78, 86–87, 92, 115
Interpretation of 55, 76, 90–91
Preamble 75, 143n155, 284–285, 332–333
United States 37n187, 44, 47, 121–122, 208–210, 230, 243, 252, 263–267, 269–270, 274–275, 279, 285, 288, 295, 297, 298, 300, 314, 320, 349, 362
Maritime zone claims from insular features 376
Reaction to Final Award 367–368, 371–372
U-shaped line, see Nine-dash line
Venezuela 320, 376
Venire contra factum proprium 348
Viet Nam 34, 37, 56, 60, 65, 66, 69, 90, 92, 137, 144, 155–157, 186, 302n378, 357
Access to documents of arbitration 30, 155
Reaction to Final Award 374
See also Exclusive Economic Zone, Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands
West Philippines Sea 3, 28, 89, 161, 174, 182
See also South China Sea
West York Island 62
Wolfrum, Rüdiger 8, 10, 117, 149, 202n448, 366n161
Xisha Islands, see Paracel Islands
Zhongsha Islands, see Macclesfield Bank
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The South China Sea Arbitration

Jurisdiction, Admissibility, Procedure

Series:  Publications on Ocean Development, Volume: 99
Cover The South China Sea Arbitration
E-Book ISBN:
9789004381193
Publisher:
Brill | Nijhoff
Print Publication Date:
29 Jul 2022

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