Author:
Emmanuel Roucounas
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Index of Subjects

Abuse of rights 93 , 160 , 393 , 638
Actors, non-state actors, subjects, participants and users 427–433
Additional Protocol i to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 (1977) 112 , 114 , 118 , 395–401 , 403–404 , 407–408 , 468 , 494 , 594
Additional Protocol ii to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 (1977) 395–399 , 403–405 , 407–408 , 468 , 594
Aegean Sea Continental Shelf case 596
Afghanistan 74 , 344 , 394 , 398 , 486
Africa 45 , 47 , 60 , 75 , 100–101 , 113 , 122–125 , 204 , 207 , 347 , 349–350 , 430 , 439 , 449 , 477 , 486 , 488 , 492 , 511 , 589
African Charter of Human Rights and People’s Rights 465 , 626
African Union 381 , 487–488
Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (1979) 432
Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and their Families (1990) 432
Agreement on the Administration of Mostar (1995) 446
Ahmadou Sadio Diallo case 232
Al-Adsani case 455–456 , 591
Al-Jedda, Al-Dulimi cases 534
Al-Qaeda (isis) 387–388 , 405
American Convention on Human Rights 465 , 599 , 626
Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case 68
Articles on the Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities 471
Asia 45 , 47 , 60 , 75 , 100–101 , 116 , 123 , 125–132 , 204 , 207 , 349 , 364 , 439 , 449 , 477 , 647
Austria 113
Authority, authoritative decision 5 , 21 , 60 , 62 , 86 , 142187–189 , 214 , 223 , 235 , 247–248 , 306 , 336 , 343 , 436 , 446 , 449 , 529–530 , 548 , 575 , 611 , 620
Autopoietic law 210 , 247–248 , 250
Avena case 66
Balkans 73 , 344
Barcelona Traction case 23 , 273 , 592–593
Basel Accord on Capital Adequacy (1988) 578
Behrami and Behrami case 506
Belgium 45 , 111–112
Belgium/Senegal case 592
Blogs, Facebook and Twitter 13 , 253
Brazil 346 , 378
Bretton Woods 410 , 415 , 417 , 647
Brundtland Report 471
Bureaucracy 171 , 183 , 185 , 233 , 334 , 347 , 362 , 429 , 499 , 518 , 531 , 614 , 629 , 642 , 679 , 681
Canada 60 , 118 , 481
Caroline Incident 373–375
Central and Eastern Europe (former Yugoslavia, Czechia, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary) 116–117 , 134 , 186 , 347
Certain expenses case 177
Chaos theory and international law 251–254
Charter of Values and Principles of the African Union 488
China 100 , 125–128 , 136 , 216 , 346–347 , 378
Choir group xvi , 687
Chorzow Factory case 68
Code(s) of Conduct 214 , 528 , 562 , 578
Common good(s) 94 , 108 , 158 , 269 , 273 , 321 , 554 , 587 , 630 , 656
Common Heritage of Mankind, global commons 18 , 28 , 129 , 170 , 212 , 269 , 273 , 357 , 430 , 489 , 594
Comparative law, comparative international law 41 , 50 , 54 , 64 , 107 , 111 , 179 , 196 , 214 , 230 , 280 , 672
Competence(s) and jurisdiction, languages and substance, examples 336–339
Compliance, implementation and effectiveness 305–311
Abandoned rules 178
and transnational legal process 309–310
Compliance with non-binding norms 308 , 538
Functional and managerial compliance 306
Reputation, sanction, coercion and commitment 307 , 310
Rules of public interest 308–310
Concepts (definition) 6
Conflict, collision and incompatibility of norms 24 , 42 , 55 , 61 , 71 , 102 , 136 , 191 , 211 , 225 , 227 , 231–233 , 240 , 245 , 259 , 313–314 , 323 , 325–326 , 329–331 , 325 , 336 , 363 , 366–367 , 416 , 424 , 455 , 459 , 473 , 536–538 , 573 , 583 , 585 , 590 , 596–597 , 609 , 633 , 642 , 660 , 669 , 686
Congo 74
Constitutionalism 224 , 229
Approaches and comparison with globalization and fragmentation 224–227 , 229
International constitutional community 225
“New constitutional question” 227
Sociological approach 226
Constructivism 193–197
and legal obligation 197
Habitus and field 193
in a social construct 196
in international politics and law 195
in liberalism and realism 193
in positivism 196
Control (definition) 187–188
Convention on Anti-Personnel Mines (1997) 638
Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Propriety (2004) 454
Convention on the Protection of Cultural Expressions 329
Convention on the Recognition of the Legal Personality of ngos 517
Corfu Channel case 68 , 375–376 , 471–473 , 572 , 663
Cosmopolitanism 220–224
Various aspects and legal 220
Types in international law 221
Lawyers of metropolitan and cosmopolitan style 222
Sceptics about 223
and parochialism 223–224
Council of Europe 59 , 70 , 517–518 , 578 , 580 , 606
Covenant of the League of Nations 596
Crisis and international law 282–285
Critical International Legal Studies 199–203
in IR and law 200
Challenges , 201–203
and New Approaches (nail) 202
and New International Legal Process (nilp) 202
and the Reims School 203 , 255
Customary international law 542–557
Usefulness, wise and mild, identification 542–543 , 548 , 551
Opinio juris, usus 357 , 525 , 541–550 , 552–553 , 609
Codification 549
Courts and the icj 552–553
Obsolete 550–551
Persistent Objector 553–556
Cyberspace 273 , 409 , 432 , 645 , 686
Czech and Slovakian tradition 117
Czechoslovakia 160 , 436 , 484
Death of international law 43 , 74 , 558
Declaration of Bangalore 64
Declaration of Brighton 62
Declaration of Rio on Environment and Development 598
Declaration of Stockholm on Human Environment (1972) 654 , 656
Declaration of the Atlantic Allies 597
Declaration of the Millennium 351–352
Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among Nations 18 , 387 , 448 , 476 , 622
Declaration on the Responsibilities of the Present Generations towards Future Generations 371
Declaratory and programming international law 170 , 359
Deconstruction in IR and law 197–199
Democracy 625–629
and democratization 625
Legal approaches, democratic state and democratic deficit 29 , 625–628
Inter-governmental organizations 627
Democratic governance 627
Democratic deficit 629
Development, law of -, right to -, sustainable 19 , 103 , 123 , 125 , 127 , 159 , 170 , 186 , 223 , 271 , 319 , 335 , 357 , 368–370 , 412–413, 476 , 488 , 598 , 621 , 642 , 644 , 654 , 656–660 , 680
Dialectics 36 , 50 , 95 , 103 , 169 , 190 , 198 , 199–204 , 213 , 248 , 254 , 268 , 495
Diplomatic and Consular Personnel of the United States in Tehran case 321
Discontent 281–282
Distomo case 458
Document of Stockholm on Disarmament 598
Domestic and international law 22 , 24 , 37–41 , 50 , 52–67 , 84–85 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 95 , 102 , 105 , 108 , 159 , 169 , 230 , 231 , 238 , 240 , 242 , 279 , 285 , 291 , 292 , 295 , 301 , 304 , 305 , 306 , 312 , 337 , 338 , 341 , 349 , 352–354 , 366 , 378 , 411 , 412 , 413 , 415 , 422 , 432 , 462 , 478 , 402–503 , 505 , 543 , 558 , 567 , 569 , 570 , 574 , 585 , 599 , 604 , 606 , 626 , 635 , 639 , 645 , 647 , 652 , 655 , 686
Domestic jurisdiction 17 , 148 , 188 , 220 , 359
Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection 342
Draft Code of Offences against Peace and Security 468
Dualism, dualist 3 , 54–55 , 60 , 66 , 88 , 106 , 123 , 129 , 150 , 160 , 205 , 294 , 318
Due Diligence 472
East 3 , 72 , 100 , 114–116 , 130–131 , 137 , 372 , 540
Eastern Greenland case 23
Empiricism 178–180
Definition 179
Empirical turn 180
Two generations 180
Empiricism in international economic law 409 , 414–415
Encyclopédistes 133
Erga omnes obligations 18 , 23 , 225 , 270 , 272 , 289–290 , 297 , 325 , 357–359 , 373 , 445 , 463 , 467–468 , 540 , 549 , 564 , 586 , 590 , 592–596 , 615 , 654 , 656
Ethics and morality, synonymous and different 629–636
Classical perceptions and positivism 630–631
in politics and international law 631–635
and concrete rules 636EU/Kenya Agreement 507
eunavor operation Atalanta 507
Eurocentrism, European origin of international law 46 , 133 , 135
eurocontrol 508
European Convention for Democracy through Law 59
European Convention on Human Rights (echr) 59 , 62 , 249 , 465 , 475 , 599 , 606 , 626
European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) 22 , 24 , 28 , 54 , 59 , 62 , 111 , 165 , 284 , 336 , 361 , 455–456 , 506 , 534 , 564 , 572 , 603–604 , 606
European Union (EU), European Community (EC), treaties and institutions 24 , 57 , 61–62 , 65 , 102 , 108 , 110 , 136 , 169 , 225 , 246 , 332 , 334 , 337 , 446 , 492 , 507 , 529 , 645–646 , 656 , 672–673 , 680
Exceptionalism 94–95 , 97 , 119–120 , 135–136
Exclusive Economic Zone (eez) 69 , 124
Experts, expertise 41, 67–71 , 158 , 183 , 219 , 222 , 228 , 292 , 332 , 364 , 471 , 580 , 644 , 654 , 683 , 685 , 687
Failed, non-decent or rogue states 485–488
fao 215 , 416 , 529 , 562 , 578 , 580
Code of Conduct 214 , 528 , 578
Fear 285
Federal, federalism 37 , 53 , 66 , 92 , 109 , 147 , 167 , 225 , 228 , 414 , 440 , 479 , 485 , 488 , 491
Feminism 207–209 , 222 , 255 , 261 , 318 , 584
Origin and purpose 207
Public and private sphere 208
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 209
Fictions, notion, and legal technique in international law 270, 340–342 , 423
Ordinary and constituent, convenient and evolutionary 341–342
Formalism
Culture of, relation to pragmatism 45 , 95 , 162 , 181–182
a bad word 183
Structural and doctrinal 182
Lawyers 530 , 540 , 600 , 636 , 643
Fragmentation, qualified and unqualified 323–335
Work of the ilc 325–326
Organic, normative, and interpretation, conflict, subaltern classes, in international organizations, bridging with unity, de-fragmentation 326–331
France 100–104 , 109 , 190–192 , 254 , 378 , 506
Functionalism 209–212
Function 209–211
in international law and organization 210
Neo-functionalism and evolution 211–212
Furundžija case 571
Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros case 461 , 548 , 651
gatt 218 , 416–418 , 492
General Act of Renunciation of War (Briand-Kellogg Pact) 375
General principles of law 568–574
Notion , 568–570 , 573
Relation to domestic law 568–569
“Civilized nations” 46 , 574
General theory and general international law 286–288 , 288–292
Geneva Conventions on Humanitarian Law (1949) 291 , 395–396 , 398 , 403–404 , 407–408 , 468 , 594
Genocide Convention (1948) 466
Germany 24 , 66 , 96 , 100 , 107–109 , 116 , 160 , 346 , 456 , 484 , 506–507
Globalization, globalism 221–233 , 640–643
and international law 641
and theory 641 , 643
and transnational law 582–583
Governance 643 , 648
Definition and domestic law 643–644
and global administrative law (gal) 644 , 648
and economic globalization 645
and obligation of governing well 645
and international law 646
and global democracy 647
Greece 113 , 122 , 456 , 458 , 619
Grotian tradition 45 , 105 , 151 , 218 , 544
Grundnorm 88–89 , 91 , 548
Gulf of Maine case 68 , 537
Hague Codification Conference (1930) 21
Hague Conventions on the Laws of War (1899, 1907) 114
Harvard Research on International Law (1929–1939) 21 , 602
Hegemony, notion, theories, 343–347
and empire 344–345 , 347
and UN system 345–346
Globalization and global hegemonic law 346
Unilateralism, bilateralism and multilateralism 347
Helsinki Final Act 597
Hierarchy 12 , 34 , 88 , 90–91 , 162 , 221 , 225 , 237–239 , 245 , 250 , 278 , 299 , 312 , 334 , 354 , 358 , 436 , 456 , 459 , 463 , 486 , 538 , 540 , 551 , 569 , 584–586 , 588 , 602 , 627
Highly qualified publicists and doctrinal adumbrations 19–23 , 72–77
History and histories of international law 42–48
Human Rights 354–371
Approaches in domestic and international systems 354–357
Humankind and humanization of international law 357–359
Declaratory and programming aspects 359–360
in specific chapters 360
Universality and difficulties 361–362
Social rights, personal security, group rights, globalization and business 362–367
Enterprises 367–368
West and South 367–368
Right to water 370
Future generations and intergenerational rights 273 , 362 , 369–371 , 659 , 621 , 660
See also Universal Declaration, civil and political rights
icann, icheic, cites 215 , 647
Icelandic Fisheries cases 68
Idealism 47 , 51 , 93 , 128 , 169–171 , 217 , 222 , 228 , 261 , 274 , 321 , 615 , 636 , 674
Ideology, definition, debate 25–29 , 48
ilo 114 , 215 , 365 , 448 , 489 , 493 , 520 , 580
imf 218 , 301–302 , 368–369 , 416–417
Imperialism 26 , 45 , 88 , 98 , 131 , 157 , 204 , 206 , 255–256 , 314 , 318 , 341 , 344–345 , 355 , 627
Indeterminacy 32 , 34 , 47 , 69 , 143 , 152 , 185–186 , 201 , 360 , 463 , 589 , 612–613 , 651
India 125–126 , 128–130 , 216 , 346 , 378
Individuals and other private persons 511–521
Status 514
and transgovernmentalism 516
Homme situé 516
Privatization of international law 515
Private military and security contractors (pmscs) 515
Non-governmental organizations (ngos) 214 , 225–226 , 301 , 321 , 354 , 357 , 359 , 365 , 412 , 428 , 432 , 440 , 448 , 498 , 505 , 514 , 517–521 , 526–529 , 637 , 642 , 645 , 657–658 , 663
Civil society 150 , 193–194 , 221 , 227 , 257 , 300 , 302 , 313 , 357 , 367 , 377 , 399 , 402 , 409 , 418 , 432 , 440 , 487 , 517–520, 521 , 527 , 553 , 626 , 629 , 647 , 656
See also International Economic Law, multinationals
Informal normativity 154 , 168 , 181 , 435 , 535
Institut de Droit International (idi) 18 , 21 , 24 , 45 , 63 , 69 , 75 , 106 , 111–112 , 117–118 , 386 , 391 , 421 , 455 , 483 , 504 , 517 , 593 , 602
Institutionalism 212–215
Relational and institutional society 213
and “the continent of international law” 213–214
and global governance, international public authority 214–215
Instrumentalism 215 , 217
Function and limits 216–217
and formalism 216
Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) 24 , 336 , 534
Inter-judicial dialogue 61 , 63–65
International community/society 267–273
Notion and legal aspects 267–268
Historical and mythical 268
and community 269–273
International Court of Justice (icj) 20–21 , 23 , 37 , 54 , 66 , 68 , 117–119 , 123 , 129 , 132 , 176–177 , 232 , 236 , 239 , 249 , 267 , 272–273 , 275 , 283 , 290 , 321–322 , 330 , 352 , 360 , 363 , 375 , 378 , 383 , 385 , 400 , 445–446 , 449 , 456–457 , 464 , 466 , 473–476 , 480 , 491 , 534 , 537 , 542 , 548–549 , 551–552 , 555 , 562 , 564 , 572 , 574 , 583 , 588 , 590–594 , 596 , 602–604 , 633 , 635–636 , 638
Statute 19 , 21 , 23 , 113 , 291 , 320 , 460 , 525 , 537–540 , 568 , 572 , 574 , 589 , 640
International courts and tribunals 21 , 23–24 , 53 , 67 , 221 , 229 , 238 , 246 , 279 , 283 , 292 , 326 , 327 , 329 , 330–331, 352 , 371 , 404 , 427–428 , 440 , 453 , 460 , 495 , 509 , 518 , 526–527 , 534 , 548 , 553 , 563 , 571 , 573 , 584 , 602 , 607 , 609
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr) 350 , 363–364 , 403 , 465 , 475 , 514 , 626
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (icescr) 350 , 403 , 475 , 626 , 636
International Criminal Court (icc) 63 , 178 , 302 , 381 , 468 , 562 , 594 , 603 , 637 , 645
International criminal law 13 , 61 , 291 , 314 , 358 , 392 , 428–429 , 514 , 540 , 589 , 595 , 604 , 637
International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia (icty) 23 , 401 , 403 , 405 , 466 , 468 , 508 , 549 , 571 , 595
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ictr) 468 , 549 , 637
International Economic Law (iel) 19 , 409–422
Doctrinal indications 409–417
Multinational (mncs) and transnational (tncs) corporations 226 , 366 , 412 , 427 , 447 , 515
and sovereignty 414
Havana Charter (1948) 417
Investment law 418–422
International environmental law 653–660
Texts 654 , 656 , 658
Doctrinal approaches 657–659
Characteristics and limits , 653–656 , 659
Institutional aspects 655
and human rights 660
International humanitarian law (ihl) 394–409
Main doctrinal sources 394–401
Internal and external sources 398
Custom and general principles 399 , 401–402
Cold and hot law 401
ihl and human rights 403–404
Weapons 400 , 404–405
Non-international armed conflicts (Protocol ii) 387, 395–397 , 399 , 401 , 405
Rebel and insurgents, non-state actors 395 , 405–406 , 424
Total and limited war 406
Military necessity, proportionality, precaution 406–407
Belligerent reprisals 342 , 407–409
Opinio juris 409
International law and international relations (IR) theories 195 , 661–665
Differentiation and convergence 661–665
International law approached by other lawyers and political scientists 665
Place of international law in Hart’s “Concept of Law” 666–669
Analogies and differences with domestic law 668
Dworkin’s vision of international law 669–671
Twining’s “General Jurisprudence” 671–672
International aspects of Raz’s legal theory 672–673
Rawls’s theory related to international law 673–676
Sen and the idea of justice 676–678
Habermas’s international vision 679–681
International law as law 274–280
Deniers, supporters and sceptics 274–282
and epistemic communities 279–280
International Law Association (ila) 18 , 75 , 290 , 360 , 395 , 427 , 473 , 483 , 507–508 , 556 , 573
International Law Commission (ilc) 18 , 21–23 , 37 , 69–70 , 105 , 117 , 124 , 156 , 218–219 , 236 , 246 , 249 , 273 , 292 , 297 , 298 , 324 , 325 , 331–332 , 342 , 359–360 , 421 , 434 , 445 , 448 , 453 , 460–465 , 467–472 , 482 , 489 , 491 , 496 , 499–502 , 505 , 509 , 526 , 536–537 , 539 , 542 , 551 , 553 , 558–559 , 563 , 565 , 567 , 583 , 587 , 591 , 595–596 , 602–603 , 605 , 608 , 623–624 , 637
International organizations 489–510
Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (ario) 489 , 499–501 , 503 , 505
Status, organs, secretariat 489–499
Responsibility and accountability 499–510
Third World 495
Transgovernmental and transnational networks 498–499
Relations between universal and regional organizations 496
Role of domestic courts 508
International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea (itlos) 19 , 69 , 174
Internet 13 , 76 , 193 , 226 , 251 , 432 , 686
interpol 215 , 492 , 508
Interpretation, general rules 600–613
vclt 601–609
Systemic integration, interpretation 609–610
wto and nafta 603–604 , 607
ilc 608
and IR theories 611
and games 608
Fragmentation of 611
and indeterminacy 612–613
Travaux préparatoires 603
Evolutive, evolutionary dynamic, choices 606–607 , 611
SC resolutions 534
Other methods 561
Iraq 74 , 176 , 315 , 344–345 , 355 , 376 , 384 , 387 , 394 , 398 , 506 , 515 , 591
Islam, Islamic 45 , 350 , 368 , 509 , 647
Israel, Israeli 118 , 384
Italy 65–66 , 100 , 109–111 , 456
Japan 125–126 , 130–132 , 275 , 320
Jurisdictional Immunities of the State case 54 , 66 , 454 , 456 , 458
Jus cogens 18 , 26 , 83 , 91 , 116 , 126 , 159–160 , 221 , 236 , 238 , 250 , 269–270 , 272 , 290–291 , 325 , 356–357 , 359 , 378 , 380 , 382 , 428 , 437 , 455–457 , 459 , 468 , 474 , 512 , 540 , 546 , 549 , 553–556 , 560–561 , 571 , 585–592 , 594–597 , 608 , 623 , 634 , 642 , 651
Jus gentium 83 , 92 , 121 , 220 , 267 , 270 , 357 , 446 , 675
Justice and international law 637–640
Enunciation by the UN Charter, international instruments and tribunals 637
Doctrine 638–640
Kadi and Al Barakaat, and Yusuf cases 24 , 66
Kosovo 23 , 73 , 176–177 , 283–284 , 303 , 382 , 393–394 , 452 , 477–480 , 486 , 506 , 591
Kosovo, opinion 23 , 476 , 534
LaGrand cases 20 , 462
Lake Lanoux case 471 , 621
Language, argumentation 29–36 , 190
Latin America 45 , 47 , 60 , 71 , 75 , 100 , 121–122 , 191 , 207 , 320 , 364 , 439 , 477 , 637 , 656
Law and economics and rational choice applications 241–244
Law of the Sea 35 , 69 , 103–104 , 113 , 121 , 123 , 129 , 132 , 174 , 183 , 314 , 333 , 431 , 433 , 472 , 549 , 604 , 610 , 655 , 658. See also UN Convention
Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory 467 , 474 , 476 , 635
Legal obligation, basis within and outside the law 197 , 293–298
Legal Pluralism 65 , 110 , 221 , 229–234
Hybrid schemes 229
Institution and “necessary communities” 229
Ordered legal pluralism and normative flow 230
Post-national pluralism (containment, transfer and break) 231
and medieval paradigms 232
and domestic law 65–67
and resolution of conflicts 233
Legal process (theory) 51 , 95–96 , 196 , 202 , 214 , 582
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons opinion 20 , 232 , 518 , 572 , 591 , 635 , 638
Legitimacy and legality 299–304
Variable and invariable content, positive theory 301 , 303
and international organizations and institutions 301–302
a bastard term 303–304
Lex lata, lex ferenda 7 , 26 , 73 , 189 , 354 , 428 , 624 , 635
Lex mercatoria 149 , 223 , 247 , 329 , 412 , 521 , 527 , 583
Liability 470–473
Liberalism, liberal agendas 145–152
Lighthouses award 482
Limits and limitations of theory 36–42
Lockerbie case 24 , 378
Loizidou case 564
Lotus case 20 , 22–23 , 293 , 337 , 341
Managerial, managerialism 214 , 306 , 311 , 332 , 385 , 649
Marx, Marxism, Marxist, Leninist approaches 25 , 29 , 33 , 79–80 , 97–99 , 104 , 169 , 191 , 217 , 254–256 , 259 , 630 , 679
Mature or primitive law 280–281
Medellin case 66
Memorandums of Understanding (MoWs) 542
Methods, methodological issues 48–52
Michael Dominges v. US case 555
Middle East 47 , 74 , 97 , 344 , 349 , 486 , 589
Middle Road theory 256–257
Modernity, modernism, post-modernism 184–187
Monism 54–55 , 60 , 88 , 90 , 94 , 106 , 294 , 318 , 438
Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (1933) 47 , 434 , 480
Montreal Protocol on Ozone 528 , 658
Multinational, transnational corporations, enterprises 226 , 366 , 412 , 416 , 427 , 429 , 440 , 447 , 515, 520–521 , 527 , 529 , 578 , 659
Munich Agreements 160
Namibia opinion 177 , 379
National interest 16 , 56 , 64 , 84 , 103 , 162 , 169 , 208 , 212 , 215 , 274 , 299–300 , 307 , 345 , 439 , 621 , 632
Nationalism 41 , 55 , 81 , 83 , 169 , 211 , 279 , 362 , 441 , 641
Nationality Decrees in Tunisia and Morocco opinion 438
nato 73 , 176–177 , 303 , 382–383 , 396 , 400 , 477 , 492 , 544
Natural law 83–84 , 158–162
Netherlands 69 , 112–113 , 151
Neutrality (in war) 83 , 93 , 112–113 , 118 , 381 , 383 , 397 , 399
other neutrality 25–26 , 259 , 361 , 397 , 420 , 477 , 627 , 631 , 641
New Deal 95
New Haven School of Jurisprudence, policy-oriented theory 187–189
Critics 189–190 , 650
New International Economic Order 19 , 46 , 123–124 , 129 , 170 , 412 , 578
New medievalism 223 , 442 , 516 , 645
Nicaragua case 23 , 236 , 290 , 476 , 546 , 591 , 634
Nicomachean Ethics 629
Non-state actors 147 , 151–152 , 206 , 253 , 302 , 309 , 352 , 376 , 382 , 386–390 , 395 , 405 , 424 , 427–430 , 433–434 , 448 , 459 , 505–506 , 509 , 513 , 515–516 , 520–521 , 526–529 , 575–576 , 579 , 581 , 614–615 , 620 , 642 , 646 , 656–659
Non-state law and lex mercatoria 233 , 247 , 435 , 528
Nordic Countries 118
Normativism 87–91
Norms (meaning of norms, principles and rules) 536–538
Norms, binding, non-binding 16 , 237–238 , 308 , 532 , 564 , 577 , 596
North Sea Continental Shelf cases 23
Nottebohm (second phase) case 20
Objective, non-objective law 92 , 161–162 , 208 , 222 , 289 , 322
Objectivism, objectivist 16 , 51 , 79 , 84 , 92 , 102 , 153–154 , 161–162 , 193 , 200 , 234 , 545 , 561 , 567
Odyssey 476 , 511
oecd Standards for Avoiding Double Taxation 214
opec 508
Operation Desert Storm 315 , 379
Operation Iraqi Freedom 533–534
Opinio juris 243 , 301 , 357 , 391 , 409 , 525 , 541–550 , 552–553 , 576 , 609 , 659
Order and system (notion) 11–12 , 229–230 , 334
Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe (osce) 215 , 492 , 627
Pacta sunt servanda 17 , 32 , 82 , 91 , 126 , 159 , 178 , 238 , 557 , 570 , 589
Paris Framework Agreement on Climatic Change (unfcc) 216 , 658–659
Participants, see Actors
Peace Treaty between Germany and Czechoslovakia (1967) 160
Philosophy 3 , 6 , 8–10 , 25 , 31 , 42 , 43 , 51 , 75 , 78 , 80 , 83 , 90 , 116 , 122 , 123 , 141 , 142 , 145 , 166 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 179 , 184 , 186 , 188 , 190 , 193 , 199 , 219 , 244 , 248 , 251 , 259 , 271 , 276 , 287 , 289 , 303 , 314 , 319 , 340 , 354 , 360 , 447 , 461 , 590 , 633 , 634 , 640 , 643 , 652 , 669 , 670 , 673 , 675 , 677 , 678 , 679 , 684
Pinochet case 240
Poland 117
Politics and international law 648–653
Doctrine, legal factors 648–649 , 652–653
Critical approaches 650
International law and political decisions, and power 648–651
and domestic politics 651
Positivism 7 , 16 , 49 , 78–79 , 82 , 84–86 , 148 , 152–158 , 161 , 164 , 175 , 196 , 201–202 , 215 , 236 , 276 , 286 , 297 , 350 , 354 , 420 , 549 , 558 , 570 , 577 , 579 , 605 , 612 , 630 , 653 , 667 , 669–671
Poverty 206 , 352 , 364 , 369 , 431 , 487 , 675 , 677 , 678
Power politics, hegemonism, legitimacy of power 95–96 , 108 , 163 , 196 , 216 , 222 , 299 , 343–347 , 376 , 680
Practitioners 12 , 14 , 18 , 42 , 48 , 75 , 80 , 168 , 313 , 324 , 520 , 606
Pragmatism 175–178
Renaissance of 177
and rational choice 177
and formalism 182
Precommitment theory 58–59
Principles on the Allocation of Loss in the case of Transboundary Harm 471
Principles, rules and norms 536–538
Producers of international law, traditional and new 525–536
Progress 619–625
Theoretical and practical approaches 619–622
Co-progressiveness 622
Codification and progressive development 16 , 28 , 289 , 292 , 463 , 465 , 469 , 500 , 527 , 563 , 572 , 623–625
Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay case 68 , 572
Qatar/Bahrain case 542 , 597
Race 185 , 199–200 , 256
Radbruch doctrine 85
Rational choice 52 , 58–59 , 147 , 175 , 177 , 185 , 216 , 241–244 , 261 , 275 , 540 , 552 , 628 , 673–674 , 677
Rationality and rationalism , 171–175
Reasonableness 173
Reason and Will 174
Recta ratio 174
Realism 162–168
Traditional 164
Neo-realism 167
Post-realism 168
Rebus sic stantibus 17 , 32 , 560–561 , 597
Reciprocity 37 , 58 , 103 , 242 , 259 , 296 , 305 , 307 , 333 , 414 , 552 , 564 , 581 , 640 , 675 , 686
Regime (notion) 217–218
Self-contained or special subsystems 217 , 331–332 , 334–335
and constructivism 219
Pre-legal and contextual regimes 219
Relativism and relativity in international law 234–239
Identification, limitations and oppositions 235–238
Relativism and universalism 236–237
Other aspects 238–239 , 361 , 368
Religion 3 , 46–47 , 186 , 204 , 209 , 233 , 278 , 319 , 343 , 368 , 397 , 402 , 509 , 641 , 650 , 675
Reparation for Injuries opinion 445
Reservations to the Geneva Conventions 396–397
Reservations to the Genocide Convention case 176
Responsibility 459–470
Articles on State Responsibility for Internationally Wrongful Acts (arsiwa) 273 , 297 , 389 , 460–462 , 465 , 469 , 500–501 , 504–505 , 593
Countermeasures 467
Attribution 465
Damage, injury 463
Human Rights 465
Control 466
Crimes and delicts 18 , 468–469
See also Liability, Due diligence
Responsibility to protect (R2P), humanitarian intervention 18 , 74 , 226 , 351 , 375 , 379 , 382 , 390–394, 458 , 591 , 635
Role splitting 93 , 239
Current application and contest 239–240
Rule of Law 348–353
Notion in domestic and international law 348–349 , 352–353
Extensive and restrictive theories 350–352
in international organizations 352
Rules, primary and secondary 39 , 156–157 , 218 , 249–250 , 270 , 280 , 297 , 313 , 332 , 334–335 , 461 , 462 , 464–465 , 470 , 503 , 505 , 507 , 609 , 660 , 666–668
Rules, principles and other legal norms (definitions) 536–539
Russia 59 , 97 , 114–116 , 216 , 378 , 564 , 608
Rwanda 74
San Remo Manual on Armed Conflicts at Sea 398 , 528
Sanctions 86 , 93 , 108 , 215 , 241 , 249 , 276–277 , 281 , 295–296 , 306–307 , 312 , 342 , 380 , 382 , 466–467 , 503–504 , 577 , 595 , 667
Saramati case 506
School of Chicago 91
Secession, controversy 476–481
Self-defence 372–390
War, Aggression 383–384
Collective security 371 , 382
Jus ad bellum 382 , 395
Jus in bello 395
Ius contra bellum 383
Coalitions of the Willing (cows) 382
British Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House) 385–386
Institut de Droit International (Resolutions) 386–387
Self-Determination 473–475, 476, 478
People 474
International and internal 474–475
Sentenza No 238/2014 65–66
Sociology, sociological trends 91–94 , 258–260 , 419
Soft law 575–580
Acceptations 575–577
Advocates and opponents 579–580 , 623
and international economic law 411–412 , 578
and human rights 579
and the sources 536 , 540 , 557 , 562 , 564 , 623
Solange, so lange doctrine 24 , 65–67 , 508 , 585
Solidarity 93–94 , 103 , 108 , 267–269 , 271 , 307 , 341 , 346 , 361 , 413 , 442 , 463 , 559 , 573 , 628 , 632 , 647 , 652 , 681 , 686
Somalia/Kenya case 542
Sources of international law 530–531, 539–541
South Africa 555
South West Africa cases 564 , 633
Sovereignty 17 , 22 , 38–39 40 , 45–47 , 59 , 62 , 83–84 85 , 88–89 , 92–93 , 96 , 102 , 104–108 , 111–112 , 116 , 121–123 , 126–128 , 131 , 134 , 149–151 , 171 , 192 , 196 , 222 , 226 , 235 , 237 , 255 , 270 , 282 , 284 , 295–296 , 306 , 315 , 319–321 , 336–338 , 341–342 , 349–351 , 361 , 377 , 394 , 411 , 413–414 , 418 , 434–435 , 437–444 , 449–451 , 454 , 465 , 475 , 478 , 484–486 , 490 , 494–495 , 498 , 530–531 , 583–584 , 589 , 614 , 620 , 641 , 645 , 649 , 659 , 668 , 671 , 673 , 680
Soviet doctrine 97–99 , 108
Soviet Union 44 , 97–98 , 108 , 114–116 , 217 , 436 , 439 , 478 , 484 , 582
Spain, Spanish 44 , 82 , 91 , 110–111 , 122 , 220 , 275
Standards 580–581
State and statehood 434–488
Creation and recognition 435–438.
See also Sovereignty
International legal personality 445–448
Equality 448–451
Territory 451–453
Immunity/immunities 453
State Responsibility 459 . See also Responsibility
Liability 470 . See also Self-Determination; Secession
Succession 481–485
Failed, rogue 485–488
Structuralism, post-structuralism 190–193
Interest-based, conflict-oriented 191
in international law 191–193
Subsidiarity 61–63 , 225 , 284 , 303 , 361 , 408
Subsystems 218 , 226 , 244–247 , 249–250 , 318 , 331–336 , 418 , 540 , 576 , 589
Symbolon 137
Syria 382 , 387–388 , 398 , 444
Systems, systemic theories, application in international law 11–12 , 244–251
Tadić case 24 , 401 , 544
Terrorism 74 , 125 , 137 , 176 , 186 , 192 , 284–285 , 346 , 352 , 379 , 382 , 387–390 , 394 , 397 , 402 , 404–405 , 409 , 448 , 468 , 470 , 485 , 513 , 532–533 , 544 , 582 , 620 , 662
Theorists, assortment 77–81
Theory
Meanings, uses 6 , 8 , 20
and philosophy 8–10
and religion and tradition 3
and doctrine and jurisprudence 11 , 20–22
Approaches 141–144
Race for 75–77
Objectives 5 , 38 , 81 , 91 , 94 , 119 , 206 , 262 , 268 , 282 , 286 , 295 , 326 , 630 , 662 , 682 , 686
Types 7 , 32 , 50 , 97
Swinging between theories 82
Orphan and unable 32 , 170 , 187 , 277 , 388 , 492 , 495 , 651 , 677
Contemporary, new, post and meta-theory 17 , 142–144
Impact on international law 15–24
General 286–288
Third World Approaches (twail) 80 , 204–207 , 222 , 255 , 318
purpose and origin 204–206
and the study of Power 206
Trail Smelter case 471 , 621
Transgovernmental, transgovernmentalism 149 , 218 , 498 , 516 , 627
Transnational law and legal phenomena 39 , 60 , 65 , 141 , 149 , 151 , 203 , 210 , 214 , 226–227 , 230 , 233 , 280 , 287 , 291 , 309 , 319 , 329 , 351 , 366 , 412 , 427 , 429 , 444 , 447 , 499 , 509 , 515 , 528–529 , 573 , 581–583 , 615 , 634–635 , 641 , 648 , 671 , 680
Transtextuality 596 , 598–599
Treaties
Definition 557
vclt 557
Classic commentaries 558–559
International Organizations 563
Binding, non-binding agreements 541 , 557 , 563
Law-Making treaties 564
Reservations 565–566
Guide to Practice on Reservations 565
Contract theories 541 , 567
Truman Declaration (1945) 544
UN Charter 27 , 90 , 106 , 127 , 148 , 213 , 224 , 228 , 237–238 , 270 , 283–284 , 289 , 291 , 315–316 , 320 , 325 , 341 , 345 , 359 , 372–376 , 378–385 , 387 , 390–391 , 393 , 402–403 , 408 , 417 , 423 , 444 , 448–451 , 467 , 486 , 497 , 503–504 , 528 , 532 , 533–534 , 565 , 584 , 590 , 597 , 599 , 622 , 624 , 637 , 641 , 643 , 667 , 671
UN Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (1997) 548
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos) 28 , 69 , 528 , 562 , 580
UN General Assembly 69 , 236–237 , 292 , 349 , 351–352 , 363 , 369–370 , 377 , 382 , 385 , 387 , 392 , 412 , 460 , 471 , 495–496 , 499 , 547 , 576 , 598 , 623–624 , 637 , 671
UN Secretary General, Secretariat 69–70 , 125 , 170 , 349 , 351 , 364 , 377
UN Security Council, competence, action, authorization by 24 , 27 , 41 , 66 , 130 , 178 , 240 , 271 , 283 , 302–303 , 315 , 341 , 346 , 352 , 364 , 373 , 375–376 , 378–380 , 383 , 385 , 389–392 , 437 , 442 , 444 , 452–453 , 470 , 496–497 , 502 , 506 , 526 , 532–534 , 546 , 553 , 563–564 , 589 , 595 , 673
UN Sub-Commission for the Prevention of Discrimination and the Protection of Minorities 71
unesco 215 , 239 , 350 , 371 , 400 , 489 , 520
United Kingdom (UK), British, English 44 , 100 , 104–107 , 151 , 157 , 256 , 275 , 349 , 373 , 385 , 389 , 400 , 575 , 604
United States (US) 64 , 74 , 87 , 91 , 94–97 , 119–120 , 134 , 136 , 142 , 164–165 , 180 , 216 , 217 , 274–275 , 284 , 337 , 344–346 , 373 , 384 , 389 , 439 , 608
Uniting for Peace Resolution 374 , 387
Unity, formal, substantive, and material 312–313
as open structure 313
as coherence, graded and dynamic 314
other assumptions, and practical completeness 315
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (udhr) 104 , 350 , 359 , 362–363 , 365 , 402–403 , 511 , 514 , 599
Universality, broad and restrictive approaches 316–322
Challenges 318–321
Use of Force 371–394
UN Charter 372–373 , 376–378 , 381 , 383
Classical readings 373–375
New approaches 375–394
Pre-emptive, preventive, anticipatory 373 , 375–376 , 380 , 384–385
Users of International Law (notion) 141 , 253 , 272 , 432 , 427 , 429–433 , 435 , 516 , 614–615 , 644 , 685
Uti possidetis juris 121 , 124 , 479
Values (notion) 144
Vienna Convention on Succession in Respect of Debts, Propriety and Archives (1983) 481
Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties (1978) 481
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (vclt) 57 , 105 , 247 , 270 , 273 , 325 , 329 , 332 , 347 , 360 , 421 , 500 , 534 , 541 , 545 , 557–567 , 587–589 , 596–597 , 600–611
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations (vcltio) 495 , 500 , 558–560 , 563 , 565 , 596
Voluntarism 16 , 51 , 79 , 84–87 , 92 , 102 , 105 , 107 , 152 , 154 , 160–161 , 174 , 295 , 306 , 542 , 545 , 556 , 563 , 570 , 668
War, just/unjust 16–17 , 90 , 675
West 3 , 20 , 45–46 , 53 , 56 , 62 , 72 , 79 , 85 , 91 , 98 , 100–101 , 114–116 , 118 , 123 , 125 , 130–131 , 133–137 , 145 , 154 , 205 , 220 , 224 , 253 , 270 , 272 , 314 , 319–321 , 348–349 , 364 , 367 , 372 , 477 , 519 , 540 , 607 , 626 , 643 , 671 , 675
Western Sahara 452 , 478
Western Sahara opinion 473–474 , 480
Westphalia 107 , 269 , 313 , 343 , 443 , 670–671
Whaling in the Antarctic case 68
who 520 , 528 , 580
who Codex Alimentarius 528
World Bank 301 , 366 , 369 , 416–417 , 491 , 528 , 580 , 644–645
wto 125 , 127 , 211 , 216 , 225–226 , 249 , 301–302 , 328–329 , 331–332 , 335 , 365 , 368–369 , 410 , 413 , 416–418 , 489 , 492 , 496 , 528–529 , 531 , 546 , 578 , 580 , 589 , 602–604 , 607 , 614 , 643 , 645 , 647 , 658 , 664 , 673
wto Appellate Body 34 , 534 , 603–604 , 607
Yugoslavia (Former) 117 , 176 , 315 , 375 , 380 , 383 , 436 , 477–478 , 484 , 544
International Tribunal for - (icty) 23 , 401 , 403 , 405 , 468 , 508 , 549 , 595 , 637
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Cover A Landscape of Contemporary Theories of International Law
E-Book ISBN:
9789004385368
Publisher:
Brill | Nijhoff
Print Publication Date:
16 Aug 2019

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