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Index

African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (acp) 197
  See also Economic Partnership Agreement (epa)
Agreement
Cooperation Agreement on Partnership and Development (capd) 590
Cooperation Agreement 42nn71 , 73 , 67 , 419 , 587 , 589 , 590
Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (cepa) 590
Initialling 580
Investment Protection Agreement (ipa) 10 , 79 , 82 , 93 , 99 , 260n5 , 264n29 , 398 , 476n60 , 488 , 494 , 534 , 569 , 613n68 , 614nn69 , 70
Partnership and Cooperation (pca) 42nn71 , 73 , 67 , 67n77 , 419 , 587 , 589 , 592 , 593n6
Suspension 34 , 58 , 77 , 137 , 139 , 257 , 377 , 388 , 393 , 429 , 438 , 445 , 454 , 454n94 , 502n96 , 518 , 519
Trade and Cooperation Agreement (tca) 41 , 443n48
See also Anti-Counterfeiting Agreement (acta) ; Association Agreement ; Cotonou Agreement ; Direct effect ; Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement (emaa) ; EU-only Agreement ; EU-only Free Trade Agreement (fta) ; Free Trade Agreement (fta) ; Legal basis ; Mixed agreement ; Negotiation (s) ; Provisional Application ; Stabilisation and Association Agreement (saa) ; World Trade Organisation (wto)
Anti-Dumping 13 , 17 , 118 , 118n110 , 198 , 307n1 , 308 , 309nn10 , 13 , 311 , 311n20 , 323n73 , 336n5 , 337n9 , 338 , 340n13 , 342 , 343n19 , 351n27 , 354 , 355 , 356 , 356nn4 , 5 , 357 , 358 , 358n8 , 359 , 359nn9 , 12 , 360 , 360n13 , 16 , 361366 , 366n28 , 366371 , 371n37 , 371375 , 375n43 , 376 , 376nn46 , 47 , 377n49 , 379 , 436 n11 , 12 , 437 , 439 , 439nn24 , 27 , 440 , 440n31 , 449 , 450 , 450n73 , 451 , 506 , 506n108 , 110 , 512 , 515 , 517 , 517n19 , 518521 , 521n30 , 522 , 522n34 , 523 , 523nn38 , 41 , 524 , 526 , 526n58 , 528 , 529 , 544 , 571 , 579 , 580 , 584
Anti-Dumping legislation 17 , 356n4 , 369 , 378 , 436n11
Anti-Dumping methodology 13 , 338 , 343n19 , 356n5 , 368 , 506n110
Anti-Dumping duties 198 , 365 , 369374 , 436n12 , 439 , 440 , 440n31 , 451 , 506 , 520 , 521 , 523 , 523nn38 , 41 , 526 , 526n58 , 528 , 529
See also Trade defence instruments (tdis)
Anti-subsidy 17 , 307 , 309 , 309n11 , 313 , 315 , 317 , 319 , 321 , 323 , 325 , 327 , 329 , 330 , 331 , 333 , 347 , 376 , 439 , 439n24 , 440 , 515 , 521n30
See also Countervailing duties ; Trade defence instruments (tdis)
Appellate Body 12 , 12n40 , 18 , 19 , 22 , 118 , 155n106 , 218 , 260 , 271 , 272 , 277 , 311 , 320n59 , 323n73 , 363 , 366 , 367 , 374 , 375 , 378 , 434437 , 437n14 , 438440 , 440n33 , 441443 , 447450 , 451n78 , 452 , 454 , 456 , 457 , 504 , 510 , 510n122 , 544
Association 4n6 , 27n3 , 29 , 29n13 , 42n71 , 93 , 106nn45 , 46 , 107n46 , 114 , 127 , 134 , 134n25 , 159n115 , 193 , 206 , 209 , 209nn11 , 26 , 212 , 21n27 , 213 , 213n28 , 217 , 218nn50 , 53 , 219 , 219n57 , 220nn58 , 59 , 224 , 224nn79 , 80 , 225nn81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 251nn84 , 85 , 86 , 226 , 232n11 , 233 , 288 , 288nn10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 340 , 387 , 388 , 396 , 422 , 423 , 424 , 428 , 429n62 , 430 , 443 , 455n103 , 477 , 477n63 , 484 , 492n42 , 494 , 494n55 , 495 , 495n58 , 534 , 536 , 536n10 , 541 , 557n42 , 563 , 566n1 , 588 , 592 , 593n5 , 605
See also Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement (emaa); Stabilisation and Association Agreement (saa)
Bilateral Investment Treaty (bit) 77 , 93
Bundesverfassungsgericht 128n3 , 489n19 , 536 , 552
Chapeau 263 , 272 , 272n60 , 273 , 274 , 277 , 277n87 , 278 , 279
Charter of Fundamental Rights 19 , 98 , 99n7 , 129n4 , 133n20 , 173 , 417 , 418 , 420 , 421 , 421n19 , 422 , 423nn29 , 30 , 424 , 425 , 428
China 505 , 509
Circumvention 12 , 16 , 171 , 174 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 183 , 333 , 334 , 352
  See also Trade Defence Instruments (tdis)
Civil society 2 , 6 , 7 , 189 , 192 , 194 , 199 , 200 , 200nn54 , 56 , 57 , 201 , 202 , 204 , 339 , 339n12 , 384 , 390 , 394 , 430 , 540 , 541 , 582
Coherence 18 , 34 , 214 , 283 , 285 , 286 , 287 , 288n14 , 399 , 401 , 402n1 , 2 , 404n10 , 410 , 480n72 , 551
Comitology 20 , 512 , 512n1 , 513 , 515 , 515n7 , 10 , 516520 , 520n23 , 521 , 522 , 522n36 , 523 , 524 , 526 , 526n57 , 527 , 529 , 532 , 543 , 534n30 , 544 , 544n32 , 549n6 , 565n82
Common Agricultural Policy (cap) 389 , 452 , 452n85 , 453 , 524
Common Foreign and Security Policy (cfsp) 3 , 18 , 30 , 32 , 67 , 402 , 402n4 , 602 , 604 , 606
Competence
Exclusive competence 6 , 10 , 27 , 27n1 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33n28 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 44 , 45 , 63 , 64n62 , 74 , 78 , 78n11 , 83 , 86 , 108 , 169 , 386 , 386n7 , 401 , 402 , 405 , 407 , 430 , 463 , 464471 473 , 476 , 482 , 488 , 492 , 492n42 , 493 , 493n45 , 496 , 497 , 532 , 533 , 545n35 , 558 , 560562 , 569 , 584 , 605 , 606 , 613
Regulatory competence 48 , 54 , 62 , 68 , 69
Shared competence 27 , 28 , 28n7 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 31nn18 , 19 , 32 , 33n29 , 37 , 4447 , 53 , 64 , 64n62 , 75 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 94 , 464n11 , 467 , 468 , 469 , 471 , 476 , 477n63 , 487 , 489 , 492 , 493 , 496 , 509 , 531 , 532 , 557 , 559 , 561 , 569 , 613 , 614n70
Competition 4 , 12 , 15 , 27 , 33 , 58 , 111 , 112 , 131 , 133 , 142 , 146 , 147 , 158 , 161n3 , 175 , 175n67 , 188 , 204 , 238n11 , 239 , 247 , 248 , 250252 , 253 , 255 , 346 , 347 , 383 , 390 , 407 , 453n88 , 469 , 505 , 545n35 , 558 , 559 , 559n52 , 560
Consent 5 , 20 , 29 , 37 , 60n46 , 79 , 8284 , 92 , 128n2 , 199 , 260n5 , 299 , 301n76 , 417 , 425 , 428 , 471 , 476 , 479 , 480n72 , 481 , 490 , 496n65 , 497n68 , 499 , 547 , 561 , 562 , 563 , 566 , 567 , 570 , 573 , 574 , 577 , 580 , 581 , 583 , 584 , 594 , 594n11
Cooperation
Development cooperation 31 , 43 , 65n65 , 67 , 176n78 , 383 , 386 , 390n21 , 412 , 601
See also African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (acp) ; Agreement ; Economic Partnership Agreement (epa) ; Cotonou Agreement ; Sustainable development
Cotonou Agreement 9 , 387 , 388 , 388n15 , 389 , 390 , 391n22 , 393 , 443nn48 , 49
Council Conclusions 77 , 84 , 477 , 477n62 , 488n13 , 494n52 , 562n65
Countervailing duties 308 , 309n13 , 311 , 311n20 , 323n73 , 329n108 , 347 , 376 , 437 , 438
Court of Justice of the European Union (ecj) 3 , 98 , 128 , 167 , 226 , 434 487 , 514 , 533 , 565
erta doctrine 31n17 , 470
Opinion 2/15 6 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 19 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 32n24 , 34n31 , 3537 , 37n44 , 3740 , 40n64 , 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49n4 , 50 , 51 , 51n12 , 64n62 , 66 , 66n75 , 68 , 69 , 69n83 , 101n13 , 192 , 430n64 , 568n6 , 569 , 569n7 , 583 , 583 , 584 , 584n52 , 605n42 , 607n53 , 613
Opinion 1/17 11 , 11n37 , 15 , 74 , 79n12 , 81n20 , 82 , 97 , 98n1 , 99 , 100 , 101n2 , 107n49 , 108 , 109 , 110n62 , 111n68 , 115 , 116 , 116n100 , 118 , 119n113 , 121n121 , 152 , 152nn93 , 94 , 95 , 154n98 , 155n103 , 157 , 159n118 , 160 , 425 , 425n44 , 426 , 427n52 , 428n55456n106 , 491nn35 , 38 , 509 , 583
Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (dcfta) 4n6 , 106n45 , 134n25
Delegated Act 353 , 354 , 396 , 413 , 513 , 516 , 517 , 576 , 577 , 579
Development
African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (acp) 197
Sustainable Development Goals (sdgs) 384
Trade-development nexus 18 , 383385 , 387 , 389 , 391 , 393 , 395 , 397 , 399 , 400 , 401
See also Cooperation ; Least Developed Countries (ldc), Sustainable development
Digital
Digital Trade 6 , 17 , 285 , 286 , 286n2 , 287289 , 290 , 291 , 293 , 294 , 295 , 296 , 297 , 298n66 , 299 , 300303
See also e-commerce:General Data Protection Regulation (gdpr)
Direct effect 19 , 34 , 57 , 114 , 147 , 148 , 235 , 435 , 436 , 436n9 , 443 , 469 , 584
Dispute Settlement
Dispute Settlement Mechanism (dsm) 6 , 15 , 23 , 88 , 99 , 101 , 102 , 126 , 128 , 129 , 131 , 133 , 134 , 153 , 199 , 201 , 202 , 216 , 218 , 219 , 294 , 427 , 431 , 471 , 585
See also Autonomy ; Bilateral Investment Treaty (bit), Investor-State Dispute Settlement (isds), Investment Court System (ics), Multilateral Investment Court (mic)
Dual pricing 345 , 371 , 373 , 378
Dual-use items 18 , 403 , 404 , 404n8 , 406 , 406n24 , 408
Duties 7 , 7n20 , 13 , 114 , 143n62 , 161 , 161n2 , 198 , 286 , 290292 , 308 , 309n13 , 311 , 311n20 , 319 , 320n60 , 323n73 , 324 , 325 , 328 , 329n208 , 336 , 344 , 347 , 349 , 350 , 351 , 357 , 361 , 368 , 369 , 372 , 373 , 374 , 376 , 378 , 432 , 436n12 , 437 , 438 , 439 , 440 , 440n31 , 526n58 , 528 , 529
Export 371373
Import 319 , 440
See also Trade defence instruments (tdis) ; Countervailing duties ; Anti-Dumping duties
Dumping 335382
  See also Anti-Dumping
Eastern Partnership 288 , 295
E-commerce 13 , 17 , 23 , 285 , 286 , 286n1 , 287 , 289 , 290 , 291 , 291n29 , 292 , 293 , 293n38 , 294 , 295 , 302 , 303 , 469
Economic Partnership Agreement (epa) 383401
  See also African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (acp)
Enforcement 23 , 23n50 , 35 , 55 , 58 , 89 , 90 , 193n30 , 196 , 196n39 , 198 , 203n68 , 212 , 227 , 229 , 231 , 233 , 238 , 253 , 266n34 , 299 , 301 , 343 , 345 , 357 , 393 , 394n32 , 418 , 428 , 430 , 431 , 431n74 , 438 , 438n18 , 476 , 544n33 , 581 , 608
  See also Free Trade Agreement (fta), Dispute Settlement
Environment
Environmental standards 13 , 198 , 232 , 347 , 348 , 349 , 355 , 358 , 359 , 369 , 370 , 372 , 386 , 390 , 394n31 , 417n6 , 429 , 560 , 580
Environmental protection 38 , 57 , 61 , 64 , 64n62 , 65 , 66 , 66n75 , 187 , 188 , 191 , 193 , 195 , 199 , 204 , 230 , 241 , 358 , 363 , 376 , 394 , 430 , 469 , 470 , 559
See also Sustainable development
Everything But Arms Initiative (eba) 191 , 389
  See also General System of Preferences (gsp); Least Developed Countries (ldc)
EU-only 10 , 19 , 45n84 , 461 , 463 , 464 , 464n11 , 465 , 467 , 469 , 471 , 473 , 475 , 476 , 477 , 477n63 , 478 , 479 , 481 , 482 , 483 , 485 , 487 , 489 , 491 , 493 , 493n48 , 494 , 494n49 , 495 , 495n62 , 509 , 510 , 532 , 535
Free Trade Agreement (fta) 419
See also Agreement ; Competence ; Facultative mixity
European Council 1 , 101n19 , 236n6 , 284m 284n4 , 402 , 402n2 , 461 , 461nn1 , 2 , 495n59 , 511 , 511n125
European Economic Area (eea) 99 , 131n14 , 178
European External Action Service (eeas) 387 , 387n11
European Parliament 2 , 4 , 5n7 , 11n38 , 13nn43 , 44 , 14n46 , 20 , 23 , 23n50 , 65n71 , 75n3 , 77n7 , 84n22 , 85 , 89n33 , 90 , 91 , 100 , 100n10 , 163n14 , 166n37 , 175nn73 , 74 , 191n19 , 199 , 199n50 , 250n20 , 260n5 , 297nn63 , 64 , 299n71 , 307 , 307n4 , 310nn14 , 15 , 335nn2 , 3 , 336 , 336n6 , 369 , 373n40 , 376n48 , 386 , 387n12 , 391n25 , 395n35 , 397 , 401 , 408 , 408n34 , 35 , 409 , 412n60 , 417 , 417nn5 , 6 , 445n57 , 447nn62 , 66 , 461n2 , 463 , 466n19 , 472 , 475 , 476478 , 479n71 , 480 , 480nn73 , 74 , 481484 , 490 , 90n30 , 493 , 497 , 499 , 503n100 , 505n107 , 506nn108 , 110 , 507n113 , 509 , 516 , 517 , 530 , 531 , 531n1 , 533n8 , 535 , 540 , 540n19 , 543 , 544n33 , 545 , 546n36 , 547 , 549n7 , 554n29 , 562 , 563 , 564 , 565n81 , 567 , 567nn1 , 2 , 568 , 569 , 570 , 571 , 571nn12 , 13 , 572n15 , 573 , 573n18 , 574n22 , 577n34 , 578 , 579n37 , 580n43 , 581 , 581n45 , 582n46 , 583 , 585 , 592n4 , 593 , 594nn9 , 11
  See also Consent ; inta Committee ; Transparency
Facultative mixity 464 , 477n63 , 484 , 492
Fair and Equitable Treatment (fet) 37 , 56 , 82 , 110n61
Financial Cooperation 393394
Forced Technology Transfer 23 , 503 , 505
Free Trade Agreement (fta)
EU-Canada Comprehensive and Economic Trade Agreement (ceta) 637 , 79123 , 128156 , 187244 , 261295 , 425499 , 537611
EU-Central America fta 4 , 199n52 , 588 , 594n11 , 599 , 605608
EU-Colombia/Peru fta 199n52 , 254258
EU-Chile fta 477 , 534
EU-Japan fta (jefta) 493
EU-Korea fta 192 , 244 , 290n25 , 292n35 , 295n49 , 296n57 , 430 , 474 , 491n33 , 587 , 584n11 , 596n16 , 605610
EU-Mexico fta 122n127 , 293296
EU-Singapore fta 10 , 55 , 57 , 7983 , 86 , 167 , 194 , 206295 , 430n64 , 433n79 , 468 , 487 , 551561
EU-Switzerland fta 211n23 , 261n11
EU-US Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (ttip) 210 , 79109 , 187195 , 480n73 , 482n76 , 483582
EU-Vietnam fta 17 , 194n35 , 199n53 , 245n18 , 260280 , 289 , 291n32 , 292n34
See also Agreement ; Competence ; Dispute Settlement ; Direct effect ; Enforcement ; Impact Assessment ; Investment Protection Agreement (ipa) ; Preference erosion ; Provisional application ; Ratification ; Transparency ; World Trade Organisation (wto)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (gatt) 503 n101 , 595
Chapeau 263280
Article xx 109 , 189 , 189nn7 , 8 , 190 , 263 , 267n42 , 276n79 , 277n87 , 278 , 438 , 502n96 , 503 , 503n101 , 543
General Agreement on Trade in Services (gats) 28 , 259 , 259n2 , 302
General Data Protection Regulation (gdpr) 17 , 285 , 296 , 297
General System of Preferences (gsp) 3 , 5
  See also African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (acp), Everything But Arms Initiative (eba)
Geographical Indications (gis) 35 , 65 , 295 , 497 , 574 , 582 , 607n51
Government Procurement Agreement (gpa) 236n4 , 237
Graduation 395 , 396 , 398
  See also General System of Preferences (gsp), Special and Differential Treatment (sdt)
Harmonisation 39 , 40 , 54n22 , 55n23 , 56 , 6264 , 174 , 194 , 207 , 209 , 210 , 217 , 221 , 223 , 228 , 229 , 234 , 560
Homogeneity 35 , 129 , 135 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 142 , 144 , 159
Impact Assessment 7 , 19 , 94 , 94n43 , 197 , 197n43 , 215 , 220 , 250n20 , 337 , 357n6 , 417 , 417n7 , 418 , 419 , 419n12 , 420 , 420n15 , 421n18 , 422 , 422n27 , 424 , 428 , 431
Investment
Foreign Direct Investment (fdi) 47 , 52 , 162 , 384 , 466
Investment liberalisation 193
Investment protection 10 , 10n34 , 11 , 15 , 23 , 55 , 56 , 73 , 74 , 79 , 82 , 83 , 85n24 , 88n30 , 92n38 , 93 , 99 , 101 , 107 , 109 , 111 , 113n84 , 119 , 121 , 124 , 125n134 , 126 , 260n5 , 264n29 , 398 , 471 , 476 , 476n60 , 485 , 488 , 493 , 494 , 534 , 561 , 563 , 569 , 575 , 582 , 583 , 613n68 , 614 , 614n70
Investment screening 15 , 23 , 129n5 , 161 , 163 , 164n21 , 165 , 167 , 168n47 , 169 , 171 , 172n62 , 173183 , 506 , 507 , 507n115
Portfolio investment 6 , 10 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 44 , 52 , 53 , 74 , 77 , 79 , 8083 , 162 , 167 , 168 , 469 , 470 , 471 , 476 , 487 , 532 , 607
See also Bilateral Investment Treaty (bit) ; Fair and Equitable Treatment (fet) ; Investor-State Dispute Settlement (isds) ; Investment Court System (ics) ; Multilateral Investment Court(mic) ; uncitral
Institution
Institutional balance 20 , 417 , 489n23 , 512 , 512n1 , 515n10 , 547 , 548 , 549 , 554 , 555 , 557 , 563 , 565 , 566 , 570 , 594n10
  See also European Council, European Parliament, Court of Justice of the European Union (ecj) ; Council of the European Union
inta Committee 480 , 481 , 503n100 , 571 , 573 , 574 , 575 , 580
Interinstitutional Agreement 127 , 552 , 565 , 565n81 , 576 , 576n29
Intellectual Property Rights (ipr) 4 , 28 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 295 , 390 , 466 , 472 , 486 , 557 , 560 , 569 , 581 , 600 , 608
  See also General Data Protection Regulation (gdpr), trips
Internal Market 4 , 5n11 , 13n45 , 24 , 33 , 33n29 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 59 , 59n39 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 105 , 169n54 , 170 , 175 , 175nn73 , 74 , 183 , 250n2 , 301 , 407 , 434 , 499 , 514 , 571n13 , 574
  See also Single Market
International Labour Organization (ilo) 190203 , 235n2 , 339397 , 429 , 559
Judicial redress 173 , 299n70
Least Developed Countries (ldc) 6 , 191 , 198 , 384 , 395 , 453
Legal basis 21 , 28n5 , 33 , 41 , 41n66 , 42 , 42n73 , 43 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 59 , 59nn39 , 40 , 60 , 60n49 , 6163 , 66 , 67 , 67nn77 , 80 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 192 , 230 , 238 , 351 , 404 , 409 , 412 , 471 , 513 , 515 , 516 , 538 , 543 , 550 , 554 , 560 , 561 , 564 , 587 , 588 , 589 , 590 , 591 , 595
  See also Agreement ; Treaty
Legitimacy 19 , 20 , 94 , 237 , 461 , 461n2 , 463 , 464 , 465 , 467 , 469 , 471 , 473 , 475 , 477 , 478 , 479 , 481 , 483 , 484 , 485 , 531 , 535 , 536 , 537 , 567 , 567n1 , 572 , 576 , 582
Lesser Duty Rule 13 , 309 , 310 , 337 , 338 , 345 , 346 , 349 , 354 , 355 , 370
  See also Anti-dumping
Market Economy Status(mes) 361 , 506 , 579 , 579n39
Mixed agreement 10 , 10n31 , 1921 , 27 , 27n3 , 29 , 29nn9 , 13 , 3235 , 46 , 46n88 , 109 , 136 , 464 , 465 , 474 , 475n55 , 477 , 477n63 , 488 , 489 , 492 , 492n41 , 493 , 493n48 , 496 , 496n63 , 509 , 510 , 533 , 534 , 537 , 549 , 550 , 551 , 580 , 586 , 586n1 , 592 , 597n19 , 598 , 609n56 , 611 , 613
  See also Competence ; Facultative mixity
Most-Favoured-Nation (mfn) 279
Multilateral Investment Court (mic) 11 , 73 , 75 , 83 , 9093 , 9597 , 100 , 115 , 118n108 , 123n129 , 582
Mutual recognition 55 , 59 , 206 , 207 , 210 , 210n18 , 211 , 211nn20 , 22 , 23 , 26 , 212 , 216 , 217 , 226 , 227 , 229
National Treatment 33n29 , 55 , 56 , 209 , 226 , 237 , 245 , 252 , 253 , 255 , 258 , 279 , 281
Negotiation
Negotiating directive 7 , 8 , 11n36 , 24 , 85 , 85n24 , 86n25 , 87 , 88 , 88n28 , 94 , 94n44 , 95 , 121 , 121n123 , 122n128 , 123 , 125 , 125n133 , 126 , 126n139 , 296n59 , 393n26 , 476 , 476n59 , 482 , 498nn73 , 75 , 538 , 547 , 550 , 555 , 556 , 557 , 557n42 , 562 , 564 , 566 , 572 , 573 , 576
See also Agreement ; Transparency
Normal value 337 , 338 , 340 , 342 , 345 , 355359 , 359n10 , 360362 , 364 , 368 , 369 , 371 , 377 , 449
  See also Countervailing duties
Ordinary Legislative Procedure 2 , 47 , 386 , 395 , 409 , 417 , 479 , 531n1 , 544 , 565 , 570
Preference erosion 394 , 398 , 401
Preferential trade agreements 237 , 285 , 286 , 287nn4 , 7 , 288 , 302 , 461 , 463 , 465 , 467 , 469 , 471473 , 475 , 477 , 479 , 481 , 483 , 484 , 485
Preliminary ruling 39 , 102 , 103 , 106 , 107 , 127 , 143 , 14 , 153 , 156 , 159 , 173 , 520
Prudential carve-out 16 , 17 , 259262 , 262n16 , 263265 , 265n33 , 266 , 267 , 268270 , 272275 , 275n74 , 276 , 276n82 , 277 , 278 , 279282 , 282n100 , 283
Prudential reasons 261 , 262 , 262n16 , 264 , 265 , 265nn32 , 33 , 266 , 266n35 , 268 , 269 , 272 , 273 , 274 , 274n68 , 275 , 276 , 277 , 277n85 , 279 , 281 , 282 , 282n99
Public Procurement 4 , 5n11 , 13 , 13n45 , 161n3 , 235 , 235n3 , 236 , 236nn5 , 6 , 7 , 237 , 237nn8 , 10 , 238 , 239 , 241 , 243 , 245 , 245n19 , 246250 , 250n20 , 251 , 253 , 255 , 257 , 390 , 572 , 574
Public security 36 , 56 , 109 , 150n88 , 169 , 178 , 183 , 299n70 , 405 , 406
Qualified majority(qmv) 42 , 43 , 402 , 409 , 446 , 464n11 , 472 , 475 , 483 , 514 , 528 , 535 , 543 , 544 , 551 , 552 , 562 , 592 , 593
Ratification 10 , 10n31 , 19 , 29n13 , 80 , 86 , 87 , 96 , 97 , 99 , 113 , 129 , 199 , 203 , 427 , 464n11 , 474 , 475n55 , 476 , 477 , 483 , 484 , 487 , 488 , 488n14 , 490 , 491n34 , 492n42 , 493496 , 496nn63 , 65 , 496498 , 509 , 510 , 535 , 551 , 562 , 569 , 580 , 581 , 584 , 586 , 587 , 592 , 593 , 593n7 , 596 , 597n19 , 598n23 , 601n4 , 610 , 611n62 , 613 , 614
Regional Trade Agreements 223n74 , 264n29 , 286nn1 , 2 , 287 , 287n6 , 434
  See also Free Trade Agreements
Regulatory cooperation 55 , 59 , 60 , 206 , 206n4 , 207 , 211 , 213 , 214 , 216 , 226 , 227 , 229 , 286 , 292 , 486 , 504 , 504n103 , 582
Reimbursement of duties 336 , 354 , 523
Restrictive measures 18 , 271n52 , 403 , 408 , 408n36 , 409 , 410 , 410n47 , 411n57 , 413 , 414 , 415
  See also Sanctions
Rules-based trading system 235
Safeguard Measure 8 , 8n22 , 139 , 228 , 395 , 438 , 520n23 , 543 , 544
Sanction 34 , 65n67 , 66 , 198 , 202 , 204 , 299 , 393 , 399 , 404 , 408 , 408nn33 , 36 , 38 , 409410 , 410n50 , 411 , 412n59 , 413 , 413n69 , 414 , 441 , 456 , 600
Sanitary and Phytosanitary (sps) 201 , 445
sps Measures 213
sps Agreement 63 , 213 , 441n38 , 445
See also wto
Separation of Powers 130 , 443 , 548
Single Market 134 , 135 , 140 , 141 , 148 , 221 , 245 n19 , 298 , 545
Small and medium sized Enterprises (sme) 6 , 113 , 117 , 426
Social and Environmental Standards 13 , 348 , 349 , 355 , 358 , 369 , 370 , 372 , 417n6 , 580
Sovereignty 122 , 161 , 161nn1 , 3 , 489n22
Special and Differential Treatment (sdt) 23 , 239 , 258
  See also General System of Preferences (gsp) ; Everything But Arms(eba) ; wto
Splitting 10 , 21 , 74 , 477 , 613 , 614
  See also Free Trade Agreement (fta)
Stabilisation and Association Agreement (saa) 42n71 , 288 , 288n13
Standards 2 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 48n2 , 55 , 5659 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 66n75 , 103 , 107 , 119 , 121 , 135 , 135n29 , 141 , 158 , 161 , 161n5 , 187 , 187n1 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 193 , 195 , 196 , 197n 44 , 198 , 205 , 206208 , 210 , 212 , 216 , 217 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222225 , 227229 , 232 , 233 , 235n2 , 253 , 254 , 256 , 263n25 , 268 , 272n59 , 277 , 291 , 295 , 300 , 300n74 , 301 , 328 , 339 , 341 , 347 , 348 , 349 , 355 , 358 , 359 , 369 , 370 , 372 , 386 , 390 , 391 , 394 , 394n31 , 398 , 417n6 , 418 , 429 , 430 , 431 , 490 , 503 , 504 , 559 , 560 , 561 , 580581
  See also Technical Barriers to Trade
Sustainable Development 3 , 4 , 6 , 6n16 , 16 , 37 , 38 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 63 , 66 , 6670 , 132n18 , 187 , 187n1 , 188 , 188nn4 , 6 , 189 , 190 , 190nn13 , 14 , 191193 , 193n30 , 194196 , 196n39 , 197n40 , 198n46 , 199 , 199n49 , 200n54 , 201 , 201nn62 , 63 , 202n64 , 203205 , 207 , 213 , 224 , 232 , 233 , 237 , 284 , 284n3 , 286 , 297 , 290 , 291 , 294 , 394 , 394nn30 , 31 , 32 , 395 , 396 , 399nn40 , 419 , 421 , 429 , 430 , 430n63 , 431n74 , 469 , 486 , 532m 557 , 558 , 559 , 559n52 , 560 , 569 , 574 , 603n38
See also African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (acp) ; General System of Preferences (gsp) ; Everything But Arms Initiative (eba)
Subsidy 17 , 307 , 308 , 308n5 , 309 , 309n17 , 310 , 311 , 313 , 314321 , 321n64 , 322324 , 324n80 , 325 , 327333 , 337 , 344 , 347 , 376 , 439 , 439n24 , 440 , 453 , 515 , 521n30 , 524
  See also Trade defence instruments
Technical Barriers to Trade (tbt) 206 , 208n7
tbt Agreement 206208 , 208nn7 , 8 , 9 , 209 , 209nn13 , 14 , 210 , 210nn15 , 16 , 17 , 211 , 211n19 , 213 , 217 , 218 , 218n54 , 219224 , 227 , 233 , 270 , 270n49 , 271nn54 , 55
See also wto
Trade DefenceInstruments (tdis)
Circumvention 12 , 16 , 171 , 174 , 176180 , 183 , 333 , 334 , 352
Methodology 13 , 17 , 197n43 , 324 , 325 , 335 , 337 , 338 , 339 , 340 , 343 , 343n19 , 351 , 353 , 355 , 356 , 356n5 , 357 , 357n6 , 360 , 361 , 364 , 369 , 373 , 375377 , 377n49 , 378 , 419 , 449 , 450n77 , 451 , 506n110 , 523n38 , 579
Modernisation 5n12 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 17 , 126 , 126n139 , 335 , 336 , 337 , 338 , 343 , 345 , 347 , 349 , 350 , 351353 , 355 , 356 , 361 , 361n18 , 369 , 370
Union interests 138 , 172
See also Anti-Dumping ; Dumping ; Subsidy ; Countervailing Duties ; Safeguards ; Undertakings ; Trade remedies
Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) 260 , 261n11
Trade remedies
  See also Trade Defence Instruments (tdi)
Transparency 6 , 7 , 7n17 , 11 , 12 , 19 , 21 , 75 , 80n14 , 8386 , 86n26 , 87 , 96 , 139 , 200n58 , 209 , 216 , 219 , 220 , 236 , 237 , 238 n11 , 240242 , 244252 , 255 , 298 , 343 , 344 , 353 , 370 , 461 , 461n2 , 463 , 478 , 481 , 489n23 , 497 , 511 , 532 , 535 , 540 , 541 , 541nn23 , 26 , 555 , 568 , 569 , 572 , 572n14
  See also Free Trade Agreement (fta)
Treaty 15 , 7 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 1323 , 27 , 27n1 , 2830 , 30n15 , 34 , 36 , 3941 , 41n69 , 44 , 46n89 , 47 , 48 , 5053 , 5860 , 63n55 , 64 , 65 , 65n64 , 69 , 73 , 7375 , 77 , 78 , 78n10 , 80n14 , 81 , 83 , 85 , 86 , 86n26 , 93 , 96 , 99 , 100 , 115 , 118 , 121 , 125 , 125n135 , 126 , 126nn136 , 137 , 138 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 133135 , 135n27 , 136 , 137145 , 147 , 149153 , 155 , 157 , 159 , 163 , 167 , 167n40 , 183 , 188 , 220 , 223 , 234 , 253 , 282 , 283 , 285 , 288 , 289 , 383 , 385 , 386 , 388 , 395 , 399 , 401 , 402 , 402n2 , 404n10 , 405 , 407 , 407nn29 , 30 , 408n36 , 409 , 409n45 , 416419 , 428 , 429 , 432 , 434n2 , 439 , 440 , 444 , 446 , 455 , 461 , 461n2 , 463 , 464 , 464n11 , 465 , 465nn13 , 14 , 15 , 466 , 467 , 467n20 , 468477 , 477n63 , 478480 , 480n72 , 482 , 482n78 , 484 , 486 , 487nn2 , 495n62 , 497n68 , 512 , 512n1 , 513 , 514 , 515n9 , 517 , 530 , 531 , 534 , 536 , 536n10 , 544 , 548 , 549 , 554 , 556 , 557 , 559nn51 , 57 , 563 , 566 , 567 , 570 , 572 , 576 , 578 , 580 , 587 , 591 , 609 , 609n56 , 610n56 , 610
Lisbon Treaty 15 , 18 , 20 , 29 , 34 , 41 , 48 , 50 , 59 , 63n55 , 69 , 163 , 167 , 183 , 188 , 302 , 383 , 385 , 386 , 388 , 395 , 396 , 399 , 416 , 419 , 428 , 429 , 439 , 440 , 446 , 461 , 461n2 , 463 , 465 , 469 , 472 , 478 , 479 , 482 , 482 , 482n78 , 486 , 487n2 , 512 , 512n1 , 513 , 517 , 529 , 531 , 534 , 536 , 544 , 548 , 554 , 557
Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties (clt) 46n89 , 58 , 92 , 388 , 495n62 , 499n79 , 586n2
See also Agreement
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Agreement (trips) 28 , 560
Trilogue 337 , 515n10 , 571 , 572 , 572n14
Undertakings 22 , 27 , 36n41 , 57 , 166 , 173 , 174n66 , 180 , 181 , 308 , 349
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (uncitral) 95 , 100
  See also Investment
United States of America (usa) 7n20 , 88n28 , 166 , 211n20 , 371n37 , 411 , 438n22 , 480n73 , 545n34 , 562n68 , 581 , 581nn44 , 45
  See also ttip
World Trade Organisation (wto) 385 , 567 , 568
wto Agreement 8 , 28n4 , 38 , 50 , 55 , 101 , 155 , 189 , 189n12 , 213 , 218 , 342 , 342n16 , 352 , 434 , 436 , 441 , 445 , 508 , 549n9 , 584
Agreement on Agriculture 452
Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (scm) 359n9 , 12 , 360n13 , 16 , 375n45 , 376n46
Anti-Dumping Agreement 338 , 342 , 362 , 363 , 436n11 , 449 , 518 , 584
wto Dispute Settlement Understanding (dsu) 12 , 435
wto waiver 389 , 390 , 400
  See also Agreement ; Dispute Settlement, gats ; gatt ; Membership ; mes ; mfn ; sps ; tbt ; trips
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